This novel is, from today's perspective, quite disturbing. First of all, its plot revolves around what is now called grooming and which has become a right-wing bugaboo associated with what they call the gay life-stye in a hilarious blending of misunderstood words on their part. Well, stop the presses! According to old Henry James--and he outta know!--grooming is more rightly the habit of rich white men. Hannity will be so relieved. He will think it's ok then, sweetly paternal and all that.
Still, those of us with brains will continue to be disturbed, especially because the novel's end signals that it's all okay since the man in questions is a really good guy in every way except for this one slight peccadillo--that he adopted a little orphan girl and raised her up to be the (his!) ideal wife. Ever the critical thinker, let me pause to consider this anew to see if I'm not simply falling into prejudice here. What's wrong with the scenario? Roger is less than a decade older than Nora, so it's not at all an unknown or uncommon age difference after all. Plus experience tells me that we do grow fond of people we have known a long time, thus a protector/guardian/friendship relationship of this kind might indeed be a kind of love, no? Sure, but there's also power and paternity, chains that shackle us to certain societal rules--fathers are fathers, husbands are different. thus, no matter how sweet or kind Roger is, the facts are he acts as Nora's surrogate father (or big brother at the very least) and then expects her to be able to somehow shift him from that category to the husband category when she comes of age. This is pretty much heinous by any standard I can think of and I'm angry at the editors of this novel who feel they can simply ascribe such things to another time. I'd betcha a bundle of loot there were plenty of (middle and working class) people around who saw this kind of rich person BS for what it was at the time and called it out.
So, is James's novel calling it out, you ask? Is he writing an anti-grooming novel?
Interestingly, I can't really say that he is, the novel's tone heavily implies that he is not. While this is certainly, to me, a moral failing of the text, it could also easily be flipped to praise James's realism. The novel's narration is detached enough to simply present the story. However, as I said above, the seemingly happy ending would seem to condone Roger's heinous plan on the grounds that a) He's such a good man he'd make any women a great husband--which is a little bit like condoning royalty because the king might be a good guy (God help us if he's the usual psychopath though) and b) All of the other men in the novel (all of the other men whom Nora might marry are, in their various ways, despicable. Roger, in the end, is the best she can do.
Still, is this novel worth reading for things that James probably had no idea he was writing? Yes! Whether or not the narratives condones or damns grooming we are left to read it as we please so I certainly enjoyed the opportunity to think about grooming while reading a novel's depiction of it. When I first heard the Hannity crowd complaining about this gay practice I tweeted something along the lines of it sounded absurd to me that someone would invest years of effort on the off chance that they might get laid like a decade down the line. Of course I was attacked by my fellow liberals who claim it happens all the time--but mostly to women. Obviously it's sex that's not about sex per se (which shows how short sighted and hedonistic I am I guess), or even pedophilia, but rather a mentality that seeks to somehow blend paternalism, power and influence with a dedicated sex servant/partner. I happy such thing was beyond my imagining, but I guess I sort of get it now. If Roger then were to be an example of such a mentality, the novel fails as, as has been stressed here and by the novel itself, other than this one idea he's otherwise, as one character says, "The only good man in the world." Thus the novel redeems him. I don't, thus the happy ending was for me a tragedy of sorts--which leads me to the Marxist aspects of the novel, which are also fascinating!
This novel is so bourgeois it depicts poverty as a very scary and tawdry place indeed! Nora, when she finally understands the social experiment that's been her whole life, reacts understandably with horror and flees her guardian. Into a world of normal working people who can only terrify this orphan raised to the manner by a wealthy Bostonian who's spent the last year being presented in Rome. All of the poor people here--from out of work men sitting in a shelter for heat to a slatternly landlady--make the young woman cringe. What choice does she have other than to return to and wed her guardian once the only two other men she's ever known well turn out to be utter scoundrels, one for money the other because of an inflated ego? None at all.
Again, the novel was, to me, a tragedy. In this it reminded me of Machiavelli's La Mandragola, in which the seduction of the heroine is supposed to be lighthearted and funny since everyone in the world sees it as just and proper that she should betray her decrepit husband with the handsome young suitor. But the fact that her honor is more important to her than the sex, her capitulation--although by all natural law just and more normal than her phony marriage--I can only see it as non-consensual and self-image destroying. How we construct our own behavior (our moral compass or code of ethics) matters to us at least as much as sexual pleasure. Poor Nora in this novel has agency only through a path of near self-destruction and she is raised in a such a way as to have no tools at all to undertake the struggle that path through poverty would entail. She is helpless to avoid her fate, and that is sad indeed--even if that fate is to marry a good man. Would you rather marry a good man because you had no other option or choose to marry a man who might not be good at all? I think you would prefer to chose, anyone would. We hate it when things are forced upon us, no matter how good they appear to be from the outside.