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Republic of Spin: An Inside History of the American Presidency

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The most powerful political tool of the modern presidency is control of the message and the image. In Republic of Spin ―a vibrant history covering more than one hundred years of politics―presidential historian David Greenberg recounts the rise of the White House spin machine, from Teddy Roosevelt to Barack Obama. His sweeping, startling narrative takes us behind the scenes to see how the tools and techniques of image making and message craft work. We meet Woodrow Wilson convening the first White House press conference, Franklin Roosevelt huddling with his private pollsters, Ronald Reagan’s aides crafting his nightly news sound bites, and George W. Bush staging his “Mission Accomplished” photo-op. We meet, too, the backstage visionaries who pioneered new ways of gauging public opinion and mastering the media―figures like George Cortelyou, TR’s brilliantly efficient press manager; 1920s ad whiz Bruce Barton; Robert Montgomery, Dwight Eisenhower’s canny TV coach; and of course the key spinmeisters of our own times, from Roger Ailes to David Axelrod. Greenberg also examines the profound debates Americans have waged over the effect of spin on our politics. Does spin help our leaders manipulate the citizenry? Or does it allow them to engage us more fully in the democratic project? Exploring the ideas of the century’s most incisive political critics, from Walter Lippmann and H. L. Mencken to Hannah Arendt and Stephen Colbert, Republic of Spin illuminates both the power of spin and its limitations―its capacity not only to mislead but also to lead. 24 pages of illustrations

560 pages, Hardcover

First published January 11, 2016

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David Greenberg

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5 stars
39 (16%)
4 stars
111 (47%)
3 stars
63 (26%)
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14 (5%)
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7 (2%)
Displaying 1 - 30 of 37 reviews
Profile Image for Steven Peterson.
Author 19 books326 followers
July 10, 2016
Think that political spin by presidents just started recently? This book says "No"! The volume goes back to the beginning of the American Republic under our Constitution. George Washington, for example, would ask James Madison do provide a draft of an important message. Madison would do so--and then present a response from the House of Representatives to the draft that he gave Washington! Over time, we see early presidents "spinning" their perspective.

Over time, the spin aspect of a presidency became more sophisticated and the use of media more fine grained. By the early 20th century, presidents such as Teddy Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson and others became adept at getting their word out. And--over time--practitioners became more skilled. FDR, Eisenhower, Nixon, Reagan, Clinton, Bush (2), and Obama. Polls became more scientific and were used to assess public opinion and suggest ways of speaking to the public's concerns.

This is a well written work, accessible to readers, and addressing an issue of some importance.
Profile Image for Jeff Francis.
298 reviews
March 23, 2016
Ad-man-turned-Calvin-Coolidge-adviser Bruce Barton once made an observation about our democracy:

“Emotions affect votes much more than logic”(p.156)


That simple statement couldn’t encapsulate our political system more perfectly. Those seven words should be taught in schools, routinely cited, re-cited, hell—splashed across our currency.

That quote also encapsulates the basis for David Greenberg’s “Republic of Spin: An Inside History of the American Presidency,” an exhaustive, informative and at-times frustrating book.

From about Teddy Roosevelt through Obama, RoS explores the unseemly merging of politics and advertising that’s often dubbed “spin,” including how the concept evolved (devolved?) from a simple campaign strategy to a governing tool, and how spin—like any tool—is only as good/bad as its user.

The book also explores an eternal debate among spinners akin to the nature-vs-nurture debate among behavioral scientists, i.e., whether the public should be treated as intelligent individuals who merely need access to objective data to make sound voting decisions, or—as H.L. Mencken reportedly thought—as “an immense, stupid, uneducable majority” that exists to be manipulated. (p. 148).

All this sounds like great fun for those into politics, journalism or social science, but I still give “Republic of Spin” a high three-stars because it’s a tad scholarly for the non-professional. The author is a professor, and in the acknowledgements section he claims he was trying to write a book for both scholars and casual readers. For better or worse, that comes through in the narrative. Don’t expect the gossipy tone of a Gamechange, here. RoS is concerned with who-where-when, as evidenced the by book’s “Cast of Characters” at its beginning… but, if you’re looking to memorize the various precursors of figures such as Nate Silver and Karl Rove, you should be quite gratified.
65 reviews2 followers
February 22, 2019
I tried. I tried to really love this book but the author makes it so hard.
First of all, one could assume that anyone reading this book has a pretty good grasp on language and is intelligent. The author goes out of his way to use phrases and obscure words to show his brilliance, instead of just telling the story.
As the timeline gets to Nixon it is very apparent that the author has his own agenda (or spin). The slanted take on Republicans gets very heavy handed and obvious for the remainder of the book. It is almost as if he wanted to write this book but needed to start with McKinley in order to justify the effort and publication.
This could have been so much better.
329 reviews2 followers
January 15, 2017
Probably more like 3.5 stars... this was a real slog at times. Alternated between interesting historical narrative, somewhat dull backstory of peripheral characters, and wandering analysis. I enjoyed sections of the book and definitely learned about the history of "spin," but could have done without some of the verbosity and fancy words.
27 reviews
July 24, 2016
It seemed really promising, but in the end was not all that revelatory. The earlier chapters were enlightening enough, the more we approached the modern era, the less the book seemed to offer. Still a solid choice.
Profile Image for Frank Stein.
1,096 reviews172 followers
June 24, 2016
A propulsively readable and accessible account of how the American presidency and the American public relations industry evolved together in the 20th century. As Greenberg points out, the presidency itself grew in statute because it was able to harness public and media attention away from Congress and other politicians, and the public relations industry touted its own connection to the presidency to bolster its own importance. From Teddy Roosevelt onwards, the President was always also a celebrity, and Presidents gradually came to embrace this role and try ever harder to manage it. They came to rely on "press agents," speechwriters, pollsters, and ad-men. Roosevelt was an innovator in all these respects. Besides holding the first on-background press conferences, or seances, as he called them, he also adopted a Grover Cleveland-era stenographer named George Cortelyou to handle all press relations. Finally he hired Joseph Bucklin Bishop purely as a public promoter, in this case of the Panama Canal. These efforts horrified Senators Ben Tillman, Frederick Gillette, and others in Congress, who tried, largely unsuccessfully, to block all government spending on publicity. Still, future President Warren Harding used famed ad-man Albert Lasker, inventor of the "reason why" commercials, while Calvin Coolidge worked with Bruce Barton, the advertising genius who once portrayed Christ as the world's best self-publicist. Later, Dwight Eisenhower used Rosser Reeves, the Ted Bates Agency advertiser who came up with the "unique selling proposition" (USP), as well as TV's infamous Anacin ad, which featured a pounding hammer to illustrate headaches. Reeves designed the first presidential campaign slots for TV. Richard Nixon, who simultaneously decried and embraced advertising, populated much of his staff from the famed J. Walter Thompson advertising agency, and created the first "Communications Office" in the White House. His office popularized such ideas as the daily "line," the pitch the White House was going to make all day about what should be the next day's news story. H.R. Haldeman, a former Thompson employee, probably invented the term "news cycle," to describe what they were aiming at winning.

Greenberg goes into detail on Americans ever-conflicted feelings about this profusion of presidential spin. As early as 1896 Teddy Roosevelt could complain that President McKinley had been sold just like a bar of soap. In the 1920s, the New Republic brayed about an "innovation unique in all of history-government by publicity." Candidate Adlai Stevenson in 1952 attacked Rosser Reeves and the "The idea that you can merchandise a candidate for high office like breakfast cereal." Many former journalists who made their name attacking such propaganda, however, such as George Creel and Will Irwin, later tied themselves up with Presidents they liked and engaged in such spin with vigor. On the whole, Greenberg argues that most claims about a brainwashed public were and are overwrought. He shows public relations efforts tend to have "limited effects" on citizens, and presidential success and failure are largely determined by their policies and politics.

Although the last part of the book can be a little tendentious and spotty, on the whole this is a wonderful read for anyone interested in American politics and media. Its also a healthy antidote to those who bemoan a supposedly new culture of spin and dishonesty. Greenberg shows instead that debate and spin have been a continuous and important part of our modern politics, not to be overestimated but also not to be ignored.
Profile Image for David.
1,087 reviews7 followers
November 29, 2019
There is a lot of really interesting history and perspective in this book, which was published in 2016. Since the book finishes with Barack Obama in its retrospective of the media strategies (spin) of modern presidents starting from Theodore Roosevelt, I was curious to find out what Greenberg thinks now, after three years of 45. Writing in Politico on September 28 2019: "We've simply never had a case before where the removal of a president was so well-justified - while at the same time so obviously unlikely to happen."

It was important to me to know that because I was a little worried that the message of the book was one of complacency: "nothing to see here, folks, just the evolution of presidential politics." It's not like that; well, maybe a little bit. There is proportionately more material on Theodore Roosevelt, Hoover, Coolidge, and FDR, than there is for presidents since FDR. The Obama presidency is treated to a scant few pages at the end. That is OK because I was ready for the book to be over well before that. I mean that in the best way possible.

A good summing-up idea for where we find ourselves is this: from the time of TR, people have worried about spin in the sense of a powerful President being able to get the public to believe anything he wants. By Obama's second term, with the rise of the right-wing media sphere, and 24-hr spin/punditry from all quarters, and the concomitant concern about "information bubbles", the concern has become that a President is unable to convince anybody about anything.

A summing-up idea for spin in general is that we worry about it not as itself, but "rather its use by the wrong leaders, at the wrong moment, for the wrong ends."

Hmm. And then there was 2016, and 45, and now it's 2019 and here we are.

The good news about spin: it doesn't always work. Carter spun with great assiduousness, but could not overcome the bad economy and Iran. Reagan spun, but also tapped into things that Americans wanted to believe. Clinton was the target of two years of vicious counter-spin but still got re-elected by Americans who either saw through the hypocrisy or who were otherwise turned off by the spin. So spin helps us believe what we want to believe. This book can be seen as comforting in that regard; one needs to leave unconsidered the question of where our "want to believe" comes from.
660 reviews4 followers
April 25, 2016
Great concept for a book, but I really didn't enjoy the execution. Greenberg can't decide what his priority is--he ends up toggling back and forth b/w theories on various presidents, biographies of the people who influenced them, and dumping his research into overly long chapters.

I rarely skim a book, but this one did not get a thorough read from me. It was interesting/enlightening enough to keep me working through the whole thing, but the worthwhile nuggets were spread out throughout the text.
Profile Image for Josh Bramlett.
27 reviews4 followers
August 28, 2024
Required reading for anyone working in strategic political communication. So much great primary research with quotes from numerous figures in public relations and politics.
Profile Image for Socraticgadfly.
1,419 reviews463 followers
August 2, 2018
Excellent overview of how the rise of the modern presidency with Theodore Roosevelt led to the rise of the modern public relations presidency. Or "publicity" presidency. Or "propaganda" presidency. Or "spin" presidency. Or "spin by no-spin" presidency.

That's one of the things that came out of this book — how the terminology changed from generation to generation, or sometimes more often, in describing what was in general the same mindset.

Also noted and demonstrated by Greenberg? Nothing new under the sun, indeed. Obama's YouTube channel had predecessors in other presidents running official-like newspapers, whether for the White House or for various federal agencies.

Nor is there anything new under the sun, Greenberg shows, about presidents trying — and failing — to keep reins on the media conversations of Cabinet-level staff.

Nor is there anything new in Trump being his own leaker.

Greenberg demonstrates the rise of public relations men, and ad men along with them, until in the 1940s we get to the first full-blown political campaign shop. And, the husband-and-wife team of Clem Whitaker and Leone Baxter came from where? Nowhere else but California. They influenced Murray Chotiner and, from him, directly or directly, have a "family tree" that reached to Reagan and Fox News.

Then there's the rise, within the Fourth Estate, of pundits. Greenberg shows this, and the leaky wall between them and presidents, undercutting their own narrative of criticality.

That's just a sampler. I'm not sure why some people said this book was a slog; I thought it was great.

Maybe a few of them didn't like Greenberg busting Obama's chops for calling him a spinner by allegedly not spinning, even while he was. Or maybe, wanting to blame everything on the GOP, they didn't like Greenberg's assertion that Obama wasn't a good political negotiator. (Sorry, but he had a bad habit of compromising away compromises in advance, in public. Greenberg's right, even if he would disagree with my take.)

That said, even a 5-star can have a goof or two.

With Greenberg, it's claiming that Woodrow Wilson was really neutral in 1914-1917. Erm, no.
Profile Image for Derek London.
29 reviews1 follower
April 28, 2021
Professor Greenberg outdid himself on this one. Five-hundred-seven pages to cover over a century of presidential coitus with popular opinion. While certain figures such as Taft, Harding, Ford and Bush Sr. occupy very little real estate in this book, it’s hard to blame the author in view of such vast and worthy history to abridge.

Let’s be honest: given one’s party affiliation, any president will appear shamelessly partisan. Even the more virtuous ones with respect to image-craft (ie. Truman & Obama) were still unable to avoid the depredations of executive posturing. For when the wish of a leader to curtail spin (“the spin of no-spin”) stinks just as bad as the Watergate obsession with optics, then public cynicism has become irreparable!

I believe the renowned political theorist, Hannah Arendt (referenced throughout), sums up the problem well when she wrote, “Seen from the viewpoint of politics, truth has a despotic character. Factual truth peremptorily claims to be acknowledged and precludes debate, and debate constitutes the very essence of political life.”

Now more than ever, our post-truth condition leaves all positions mired in an intractable issue; Can the unvarnished reality be captured by anyone, especially our leaders? Or is the democratization of political discussion the relativizing, and therefore, trivializing of fact?

This may sound like a reactionary fulmination of post-structuralism. But it’s not! After all, the texts of Derrida and Foulcault may compel you to either extreme of the political spectrum.

So the trinity of options remain: Truth (which is the same as the second choice, Identitarian Activism a la Arendt - but is beyond the partisan to recognize) or Relativistic Centrism.

It’s not a complicated puzzle; as mentioned, it’s an intractable one. Spin is just a fact of life. It’s on the other side of this realization where real progress takes place. But, of course, what the hell do I know! That’s just an assault on truth. Here we go again. Helter Skelter!

I’m giving 4 out of 5 stars for this work. A seriously edifying piece of scholarship!
Profile Image for Alex Baron.
75 reviews
July 11, 2019
As someone who finds both politics and communications interesting, I found this book mostly a good read. Focusing on all but a handful of US Presidents from Teddy Roosevelt to Barack Obama, the book does a fairly thorough job of examining the communication styles of each. The book pays particular attention to moments where the President and his team broke new ground and set a new standard in communications.

Because of this particular emphasis, the first 90% of the book only gets you to Lyndon Johnson's term in the 1960s. The author admits that he does not focus much on the Presidents following Johnson as they didn't create new ways to engage with the public in quite the way their predecessors did. I’m not sure I buy this argument fully. Especially as Obama used social media in ways to communicate and invigorate the public in ways no politician, let alone president had ever done before.

The book also spends multiple chapters focusing on the theory of communications and what contemporary thinkers viewed of new communication methods. I thought these were worthy additions but at times ran longer than necessary. I came to read about the actions of the Presidents.
With that in mind, this book shines when it takes you behind the scenes to reveal how particular Presidents went to great lengths to transform their communication methods. Some were excellent in getting their messages across while others struggled. The reasons and much more are explained quite well.

Overall, I enjoyed the book and thought it was a great read.
Profile Image for Mariah Oleszkowicz.
591 reviews3 followers
September 29, 2025
An overview of the history of spin in the Presidency starting with Teddy Roosevelt and ending with Obama. The first bit goes into more details of what spin is while the later book gives nice short chapters either directly about a specific spin doctor or president or incident. The nice thing is the through line that is established showing the evolution of spin alongside the evolution of technology. However, it is a very long book with a lot of information.

p 339 - will the "frenitic coverage of [pseudo events]...make them better citizens...or a tumbling into a cynicism that was, in its way, a treacherous new form of naivete."

It was fascinating to learn about the people who worked on the image of the president.

p448 "But to study sping's history, to see its long and deep connection to our politics, also makes it hard not to heed the wisdom of Aristotle: to see that is isn't really spin itself we fear but rather its use by the wrong leaders, at the wrong moment, for the wrong ends."
196 reviews2 followers
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December 30, 2020
Obviously, we are living in a political age where spin is the de facto form of conversation, but how did it start? In his comprehensive history, Republic of Spin, David Greenberg traces spin from Teddy Roosevelt to Obama. With a cleareyed understanding of changing technology, norms, and tactics, Greenberg traces the evolution of spin from the centering of the president’s personality to today’s tweetstorms. Seeking to complicate our understanding of spin truisms, Greenberg contextualizes famous incidents - Nixon’s defeat by Kennedy - with the public relations policies of both candidates. The most striking point Greenberg makes is that while spin has grown from TR’s days, public perception of spin has varied rapidly. We’re now too wise to the spin to believe much in any politician. Greenberg suggests that this, more than the policies at play, is to blame for our present woes.
Profile Image for Colton Richards.
11 reviews1 follower
September 9, 2018
After reading Nixon's Shadow I couldn't wait to read this offering by David Greenberg, who I think writes wonderfully well.

I've read any number of books on American presidencies, but what I find remarkable about this one is that it shows much more than others how much Presidents - going farther back than you'd imagine - cared about the image their White House projected. Teddy Roosevelt, pivotal and consequential as always, Wilson a paragon of fluency, Coolidge surprisingly aware, FDR a master, Nixon supremely protean, this book really does reveal how occupants of the White House pulled the levers available to them to attempt to control what the world saw of them - some better than others.

A very good study in political power and image.
Profile Image for Christa Van.
1,729 reviews2 followers
May 19, 2017
An interesting history of the the American presidency and the efforts of presidents to communicate with the public. Starting with FDR and ending with Obama, the book details the professional efforts of PR and media consultants that have aided every president to make their case to the public. I liked learning how the various presidents tried to deny that they hired and depended on people to help them look better, sound better, and be more persuasive. Not an easy read but a reminder about how the technology has changed but not the intent.
Profile Image for Kris Fernandez-Everett.
352 reviews3 followers
August 20, 2019
Very good, extremely thorough, and well presented and argued. In some ways, the historical evolution toward this particular point in the American presidency — where absolutely everything is a sham — gave me hope that this too shall pass. But pass unto what? Systems in entropy fall into disorder. Disorder in history takes more years than I’ve got left on the planet to settle and start coalescing around something productive. A grand survey, regardless, of how we might have come to be where we are now.
Profile Image for Tyler.
751 reviews26 followers
February 11, 2023
The title seems a lame but it's a good history from 20th century onward how president's try to get their message across. I hadn't read a book exactly about this specifically.
It is does a decent job with each presidency but it's not always focused just on Presidents-there are plenty of info on reporters, handlers of the time.
It does feel kind of shallow toward the end but it does a pretty good job with the Starr report and W's time manipulation of the media.
It's kind of funny that it stops in 2016 right before all hell breaks loose.
78 reviews1 follower
October 16, 2019
The history and progression of the presidential use of media is fascinating. The book provided a lot more details with the earlier presidents than the more recent. This may be the only downside of the book. In all, I enjoyed understanding the progression of the use of media and the interaction between media and the president. It also brought me relief that spin is not new to this day and age.
32 reviews1 follower
January 8, 2022
I enjoyed this view of the presidency through a lens different from the usual works in this general area. Interesting topic with an engaging writing style. I appreciated the attempt by the author to put some positive spin on spin at the end of the book.
Profile Image for Zhelana.
906 reviews2 followers
August 6, 2017
This book promised me a history of the American presidency, and wound up giving me a history of propaganda, which I am not at all interested in.
Profile Image for Ari.
30 reviews18 followers
December 30, 2018
Useful summary of US Presidents and their spin doctors from the McKinley to Obama administrations. It's packed with history but chapters are short and memorable.
26 reviews
November 11, 2021
Not necessarily a sit down and read right through it kind of book but informative and extremely interesting. Very thought provoking, especially considering the times we’re in now.
Profile Image for Kevin Hollins.
50 reviews3 followers
June 12, 2023
As a history of how presidents interacted with the press, and how press relations have evolved over time, it's a wonderful book.
Profile Image for Graciela.
36 reviews
April 22, 2024
read this book for my history class on the American Presidency

thought it was super interesting
15 reviews1 follower
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August 11, 2024
also read this for class; this is essential reading for anyone wondering how we got here (hell), with engaging writing and anecdotes to go with it.
Profile Image for Sanford Chee.
568 reviews98 followers
October 11, 2016
Underneath the spin failures, most of the time, are policy failures. When presidents say, “Oh, the problem was my messaging, my marketing,” usually — not all of the time, but usually — that is a cover story for policies that aren’t resonating.

http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/ar...
Profile Image for John.
509 reviews17 followers
June 26, 2016
Here is a broad sweep account of presidential public relations and election ventures since the time of Teddy Roosevelt. Many early PR and polling operatives mentioned (Bernays, Gallup, Lasker, Roper, Lazersfield) were for me retro rehash since I was exposed to their propaganda, social psychology and polling techniques in grad school at UofMinn in the 1960s. New for me was to read about the increased sophistication of presidential spin since the 1960s. Particularly interesting were techniques used to bolster the image of movie actor Ronald Reagan, the so-called "great communicator." He was not that, author states. Indeed without a script Reagan was pretty much a dodo. In the book's last paragraph there's this: "[T]he greatest moments of American presidential leadership have often been forged not by men of impeccable virtue and purity of heart, but by careful and caring labors of speechwriters, pollsters, image crafters and other professional spinners." Yes, though that statement is a bit of a sop to the profession, let's hope that "careful and caring" can hold true.
Profile Image for David.
323 reviews1 follower
March 20, 2016
3 1/2 stars. It would have been 4 but it claims to be an inside history of the American Presidency. What it is is an account of the development of public relations and the presidency. In general the theory is that what we are seeing today isn't much different than what was seen in Teddy Roosevelt's day. Yes we have come a long way in the way news is spread but it is just a question of degrees. What is missing today is the ability to communicate, to compromise. The politics of destruction may well lead to the end of the American experiment as we know it. That last is my view not the writer's. He thinks we'll emerge from this period of hyper partisanship relatively unscathed. In a world where the least miscue is known on the other side not only of the country but the world before the person making the miscue can even get off the stage I'm not so sure. The bar for what we'll accept in our leaders is getting way too low.
Displaying 1 - 30 of 37 reviews

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