Uygarlık Toplum ve Din

by Sigmund Freud, Emre Kapkın (Translator)

Uygarlik, Din ve Toplum (Ciltli)

Genres: Psychology, Nonfiction, Philosophy, Leadership, Self Help, 20th Century, Classics

359 pages, Paperback

First published January 1, 1985

About the author

Dr. Sigismund Freud (later changed to Sigmund) was a neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, who created an entirely new approach to the understanding of the human personality. He is regarded as one of the most influential—and controversial—minds of the 20th century.

In 1873, Freud began to study medicine at the University of Vienna. After graduating, he worked at the Vienna General Hospital. He collaborated with Josef Breuer in treating hysteria by the recall of painful experiences under hypnosis. In 1885, Freud went to Paris as a student of the neurologist Jean Charcot. On his return to Vienna the following year, Freud set up in private practice, specialising in nervous and brain disorders. The same year he married Martha Bernays, with whom he had six children.

Freud developed the theory that humans have an unconscious in which sexual and aggressive impulses are in perpetual conflict for supremacy with the defences against them. In 1897, he began an intensive analysis of himself. In 1900, his major work 'The Interpretation of Dreams' was published in which Freud analysed dreams in terms of unconscious desires and experiences.

In 1902, Freud was appointed Professor of Neuropathology at the University of Vienna, a post he held until 1938. Although the medical establishment disagreed with many of his theories, a group of pupils and followers began to gather around Freud. In 1910, the International Psychoanalytic Association was founded with Carl Jung, a close associate of Freud's, as the president. Jung later broke with Freud and developed his own theories.

After World War One, Freud spent less time in clinical observation and concentrated on the application of his theories to history, art, literature and anthropology. In 1923, he published 'The Ego and the Id', which suggested a new structural model of the mind, divided into the 'id, the 'ego' and the 'superego'.

In 1933, the Nazis publicly burnt a number of Freud's books. In 1938, shortly after the Nazis annexed Austria, Freud left Vienna for London with his wife and daughter Anna.

Freud had been diagnosed with cancer of the jaw in 1923, and underwent more than 30 operations. He died of cancer on 23 September 1939.

Reviews

[Katherine]

Getting through Freud... need the Pelican vol. 13 and the case studies next but I think I'll take a break for Kant and Lacan now.

[Umut · Rating 5 out of 5]

Freud hakkındaki kişisel önyargılarım yerini hayranlığa bırakıyor. Büyük insan.

Bu kitabını diğerlerinden daha çok beğenmemin nedenlerinden biri sosyolojik bir kitap olması. Birincisi okuyucu psikanalizin teknik dili ile boğulmuyor. İkincisi güncelliğini koruyan kültürel sorunlara dair düşüncelerini içeriyor. Görece Freud'un son dönemlerine denk gelen bu denemeler ve (Einsteinla mektuplaşmaları) I. ve II. dünya savaşları arasında yazılmış. Bu açıdan daha olgunlaşmış düşünceler oldukları söylenebilir. Kitap çok farklı konular ile derinlemesine ilgileniyor. Küçük bir kısım ile yetineyim:

Uygarlığı insanın doğaya karşı mücadelesinde gelişmiş organik bir yapı olarak tanımlayan Freud, bu yapıyla beraber evrimleşen önemli bileşenlere değiniyor: 'uygar' ahlak, kültürel gruplar(klise,ordu), savaşın nedenleri, din, uygarlığın yarattığı hoşnutsuzluklar.

Ona göre uygarlığın evrimi insan türünün yaşama mücadelesidir. Her ne kadar uygarlaştığımızı iddia etsek de içimizdeki ilkel insan bizi etkilemeye devam ediyor. Sevgi ve nefret, fizikteki itme ve çekme kuvvetlerine benzer evrensel bir etkileşim içindedir.

İnsan yaşamının amacı haz ilkesine göre şekillenmektedir. Mutluluk peşinde koşma veya mutsuzluktan ve onu yaratan etmenlerden kaçınma döngüsü. Başkaları ile olan ilişkilerimizden kaynaklanan acı, kendi içimizden veya doğa kuvvetlerindne kaynaklanan acılara nazaran bize daha fazla acı verir. Bununla mücadele etmek için yöntemlerimiz çeşitlidir: kimimiz başka ilişkilerde ararız, kimimiz kendi iç dünyasına kapanır, kimimiz dış dünya ile ilişkileirnden vazgeçmez. Bu yollardan hiçbirisinde arzu ettiğimiz şeye ulaşamayız.

Kısa keseyim. Çok defa okunması gereken bir kitap.

[Campbell Rider]

i read most of it

[Sarper · Rating 5 out of 5]

Dili sade ve anlaşılır, çevirisi hatasız sadece bazı 1-2 kelime biraz Türkçe konuşma diline göre yazılmış (örn. "Gözüküyor") yanlış değil ama "görünüyor" ifadesi daha hoş bana göre.

Bahsettiği konularda insanı bireysel ve daha sonra ailesinden başlayarak ait olduğu gruplarda inceliyor. Bunu yaparken din ve ordu gibi çok nüfuslu kitlelerin insan psikolojisine ve davranışlarına olan etkisini inceliyor. İnsanlar arasındaki günlük sorunların, aile için anlaşmazlıkların ve toplumlar arasındaki savaşların nedeninden bahsediyor.

Eğer okursanız kendinize ve etrafınızdaki insanlara bakış açınızı değiştireceğine %100 eminim. Bazı davranışların altındaki nedenleri daha iyi göreceksiniz.

[Bayram Erdem · Rating 5 out of 5]

Freud'un farklı zamanlarda yazılmış daha çok sosyoloji ile ilgili yazılarından, kitaplarından ve mektuplarından bir derleme.

İçindekiler:

Uygar Cinsel Ahlak ve Çağdaş Nevroz Hastalığı (1908)
Savaş ve Ölüm Üzerine Düşünceler (1915)
Grup Psikolojisi ve Ego Analizi (1921)
Bir Yanılsamanın Geleceği (1927)
Uygarlık ve Hoşnutsuzlukları (1930)
Neden Savaş? (1933)

[Cal Davie · Rating 3 out of 5]

It's always gonna be love-hate with Freud. But one can't argue against how well he writes, and how his views have influenced how we see things. His views on religion and society are strange at times, but at others show remarkable insight. Its strange reading Freud as he's often so wrong, but sometimes kinda right.

[Mick Maurer · Rating 4 out of 5]

Specifically, I was interested in 'Thoughts for the Times on War and Death' (1915) 1. The Disillusionment of the War & II Our Attitude towards Death. And 'Why War ' (1933) {Einstein and Freud}. Letter from Einstein and Letter from Freud.

[Dana Lynn · Rating 3 out of 5]

Yes. There is a separate book which discusses multiple personalities that this is well coupled with.

[Mehwish · Rating 5 out of 5]

Psychology = Freud.
Dr. Freud has cropped up in conversations a million of times with different people in different situations. It always felt like everyone just "knew" him/his work.
I was in the illusion that somehow I know about his work as well until my sister started her applied behaviour analysis course. Our discussions revolved around Skinner, behaviourism and of course anti-Freudianism. It is worth mentioning that I had developed a fair liking for Freud over the years, and my sister's consistent amplification of Skinnerism got to me. That was it! I had to read about Sigmund Freud officially, so this is my first-ever Freudian book other than coming across him as a reference in other books.

My verdict: Sigmund Freud was a genius.
This book was no walk in the garden, it was dense, it was overwhelming as there were way too many concepts flowing around, it was thought-provoking, and it left me crying at 2:00 in the morning(experiencing the grandiosity in the letters exchanged by Einstein and Freud on war).
I am glad that I chose this book as I have now begun on a long journey to search for the man himself and that my feelings have developed into love for him!
And the one adhesive message that will stick to my memory is civilization is a failure in itself.

[Sparrow .]

I am cheating, really, including this book. I bought it through the Internet – which I almost never do – not realizing that it contained three works I’d already read: Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego, Civilization and Its Discontents and The Future of an Illusion. All that remained were a few short essays, two of which are entitled “Thoughts For The Times on War And Death,” written in 1915, in response to World War I. The first asks the question: How can one live in a nation that has lost its mind? (Which reminded me of our current Trump era.) The second asks: How do one deal with widespread death?

The only other previously-unread pieces were an exchange of letters between Freud and Albert Einstein entitled “Why War?” – written in 1933, as the next war loomed into shape. Einstein clearly felt that he had solved the problems of time and space, and should move on to the easier issue of human aggression. Freud obviously thought Einstein was a fool. Here is a sentence (by Sigmund) that I opened to: “Thus the attempt to replace actual force by the force of ideas seems at present to be doomed to failure.”

[Lewis · Rating 4 out of 5]

The brief biography on Freud's life at the end of the book by Peter Gay was just as stimulating as the read itself.

[Bill Galen]

Civilization and Its Discontents by Sigmund Freud (1961)