I began "The Nazi Mind" expecting a tight focus on individual perpetrators, but although several of the principal architects of the Holocaust get significant attention, Rees is painting with a broader brush. This isn't necessarily a criticism in itself: I found it illuminating to hear from a wide array of voices, and especially to read what some less well known villains, such as camp guards and SS officers, had to say after the war about their own actions and the Nazi project in general. (Suffice it to say that there was a lot of self-justification and sanewashing.)
But the narrative overall follows the rise of the Nazi movement, the political takeover, and the development of the Final Solution. This is obviously all essential background, but Rees doesn't, in my opinion, do enough to -- and I'm using this word deliberately, please bear with me -- humanize the larger history. That is: When I consider MAGA supporters, the authors and exponents of Project 2025, and individuals like Stephen Miller, incomprehension settles over me. I don't know whether it's of practical use (in defeating them) to understand such people's inner worlds, but I'm desperate to understand them anyway. They have obvious affinities with Nazis, some of them are overtly Nazi, and I hoped that Rees's book would supply some deep insights into, well, what goes on in these people's heads. What it does, instead, is more or less recapitulate the history of Germany between about 1920 and 1945. That's all familiar territory, including the economic distress and the drumbeat of antisemitism, as well as the greed, the hunger for power, and, for many, the golden opportunity to inflict suffering.
Where Rees seems to want to supply original insight is in linking cognitive errors (confirmation bias, the sunk cost fallacy, etc.) and neurobiology (the potency of fear; the age at which human brains more or less mature) with the Nazis' success. Here, I'm sorry to say, he really falls down. Not that he's wrong in anything he says, not that he chose his expert interlocutors poorly, but that these passages don't seem to reflect intimacy with the underlying science. The insights are about as deep as a Psychology Today article, and Rees is constantly citing single studies as though they were definitive -- which anyone who reads around in books of popular science, or in well-done science journalism, will know is a rookie mistake.
I have one other criticism, to do with the fact that Rees several times describes the Holocaust as the worst atrocity in human history. In a footnote, he refers to another book of his where he defends this proposition -- the citation is to three pages, which strikes me as insufficient for such a monumental claim, but he doesn't make the case here. I genuinely detest this idea that monstrosities can or should be ranked, as if human cruelty and suffering were aspects of some contest. And I cannot imagine what metric would be suitable anyway. Would it be number of murders as a percentage of the target population? Would long-term extreme physical and emotional suffering inflicted raise a given atrocity's ranking against some other atrocity in which the killing was done speedily, even if the former involved fewer victims? How would you compare the genocide of First Nations peoples against the Holocaust, considering that the settlers were at a kind of disadvantage in wickedness owing to the fact that their weapons weren't as good as the Nazis', and their victims were more widely dispersed in a larger territory, plus there were fewer individuals to be killed in the first place? What a moral nonsense this is.
After all that, I should say that Rees's "twelve lessons" are good ones, even if they're not especially original; so I can recommend this book as a primer on the rise of the Nazis and on Nazi thinking, though there wasn't much in it that was new to me. And it left me with one bitter laugh: Rees's last sentence is "The Nazis were defeated." Yes, but they were also victorious: What was once European Jewry is no more.
3.75 stars, rounded up, and thanks to Public Affairs and NetGalley for the ARC.