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First published March 25, 2025
If we are serious about ending this country's epidemic of homelessness and housing insecurity. then we must confront it head on, and commit to a guiding principle, everybody in America should and can have a home. It won't happen overnight, but it's the foundation on which our solutions must be built. “The housing market is a catastrophic failure, and the conditions tenants are experiencing today cannot continue," Tara Raghavir founding director of KC Tenants and the Tenant Union Federation told me, “Something’s gotta give.”
One immediate way to relieve this misery is to keep people in the homes they already have.
Every minute in the United States, there are on average, seven evictions filed, a total of roughly 3.6 million eviction filings in a typical year, according to Princeton University's eviction lab.
Ensuring that poor tenants have access to free legal representation, just as there's a right to counsel in criminal cases, would help to drastically reduce this number.
Other tools include direct. cash assistance for vulnerable renters and laws mandating basic habitability standards, closing the qualified contract loophole for LIHTC properties. Or, better, extending affordability requirements beyond 30 years would have kept Britt in her apartment. Enacting just cause eviction laws designed to shield tenants from arbitrary or retaliatory evictions, and crucially limit the reasons a landlord can refuse to renew a lease would have kept Maurice and Natalia in theirs.
Then there's rent control. among the most potent weapons against housing instability. Homeowners already enjoy de facto rent control in the form of the 30-year fixed-rate mortgage. Why shouldn't renter households be similarly secure in knowing what they'll be paying from one year to the next? Real estate lobbyists and the politicians they fund vigorously oppose nearly all of these measures which is why tenant organizing. and tenant unions are so important. Large-scale transformation typically begins not at the top in the halls of power, but with concerted pressure from below, and often the groundwork is laid by those who stand to lose the most.
In 2022, a year and a half after Efficiency Lodge hired guards to forcibly remove families at gunpoint, a group of residents sued the hotel for illegally evicting them. Represented by the Atlanta Legal Aid Society and supported in an amicus brief by Housing Justice League, the Southern Poverty Law Center, and the Atlanta Volunteer Lawyers Foundation, the residents sought to prove what Natalie McLaughlin had argued to the police lieutenant immediately following the lockouts, that after years at the hotel they should have been covered by landlord-tenant law, and that management had circumvented this law by pushing them out without due process. At trial the judge sided with the residents when attorney and former Governor Roy Barnes, the brother of Efficiency's owner, appealed the verdict. The Georgia Court of Appeals upheld it. This ruling set a precedent. for other extended stays in Georgia granting their residents the status of tenants instead of guests. What they won was the right to a court-ordered eviction, rather than a summary lockout. “Not the dramatic victory they'd hoped for, but the seeds of more profound change,” as one HJL member pointed out were planted.
Preventing families from becoming homeless is an urgent task, getting them into housing they don't yet have is just as critical. A range of practical interventions would ease their burden, banning extortionate application fees, capping security deposits, outlawing biased tenant screening practices, prohibiting discrimination against voucher holders, and enforcing those rules. These are but a few ideas. Expanding HUD's definition of homeless is another. But the biggest challenge by far is the housing itself. There's not enough of it. Certainly not the kind that's affordable for millions of low-income renters.
Restrictive land use policies have contributed to this mess. With an estimated 75% of land in the nation's major cities zoned exclusively for single-family homes, it’s no surprise that the supply of housing has failed to keep pace with demand. Yet simply deregulating private development is insufficient because the market on its own will never be incentivized to build and maintain truly affordable housing for those in need of it. Recognizing this fact, there is a growing consensus that, as in other times of national emergency, all levels of government, Federal, state, local, must intervene directly.
These interventions can take many forms, but the most promising is a model known as social housing. Commonly described as a public option for housing, this model takes housing permanently off the private market beyond the reach of speculators and profiteers. It can be owned and operated by non-profits or municipal governments. Or as with limited equity cooperatives or land trusts, residents can own a stake in their own homes at subsidized rates.
In recent years, Finland has made international headlines for virtually ending homelessness.
Their secret? Building tens of thousands of social housing units on government-owned land ensuring that even the most economically marginalized have access to safe affordable homes. But it's in Vienna, where a whopping two-thirds of city residents live in high-quality publicly owned apartments and spend about 22%. of their post-tax income on rent and utilities, that social housing has particularly thrived. “If people don't have to struggle all day to survive,” a Vienna resident who has lived in the city's social housing for several decades told journalist Francesca Mari, “you can use your energy for much more important things.”
Imagine if America's public housing, those bright, cheerful buildings that first arose in downtown Atlanta a century ago, and then spread to the rest of the nation hadn't been set up to fail. Imagine if public housing hadn't been drastically underfunded and fallen into decrepititude, if it hadn't been treated as an option of last resort concentrating poverty and becoming stigmatized as a result. What if today, public housing were appealing enough that people across income levels would want to live there? Not only because of the quality of the apartments but because rents would never exceed a quarter of their earnings.
That's social housing and combined with other complementary policies, such as raising the federal minimum wage and significantly expanding labor protections, it could be our best hope of ensuring finally that every family in this country has a roof over their heads.
Our cities are on a perilous path with extreme and mounting wealth on one side, loss and deprivation on the other, and a credo of hard work will be rewarded somehow persisting despite it all.
But this new American homelessness is a choice, one we have collectively made, as a society, and it comes at a cost—Grace consoling her baby brother as they passed the night in a Walmart parking lot, Kyrie and Desiree moving from one living room floor to another never knowing where they'll be staying next, DJ and his siblings sleeping in a filthy freezing storage room. Such suffering is so unnecessary, so utterly preventable. We have the solutions. We have the resources. What we need now is the will to act.
“Recent research reveals that the actual number of those experiencing homelessness in the United States, factoring in those living in cars or hotel rooms or doubled up with other people, is at least six times larger than the official figure.”One of the things that stuck with me most is how preventable this all feels. We could change this if we wanted to. We could treat housing like a public good, just as we do roads, schools, and libraries. But we don’t—because there's too much money in keeping it broken.
“There’s not enough [housing], certainly not the kind that’s affordable for millions of low-income renters... The market, on its own, will never be incentivized to build and maintain truly affordable housing for those in need of it.”Reading this made me furious. And heartbroken. And awake in a way that feels hard to shake. There’s an entire working class living in motel rooms, on couches, in cars—doing everything they can just to survive. And the system continues to leave them behind.
“How have we allowed something as fundamental as shelter to be excluded from this list [of public goods]?”If you care about social justice, if you care about equity, if you care about truth—read this book. It’s impeccably researched, powerfully written, and absolutely necessary. I’ll be thinking about it for a long time.
“Increasingly in Atlanta, there were two kinds of poor Black neighborhoods: those where property values were rising and investors were buying up land, waiting for the inevitable transformation, and those like the area around Efficiency [Motel], where people ended up after being pushed out of the gentrifying neighborhoods. These spaces…did not simply coexist with [gentrifying] segments of the city, they were actively generated by them. Although they appeared worlds apart, these areas were intimately connected, like a balloon squeezed at one end. Candler Road was not a deviation from the booming new Atlanta, but another byproduct of it. One did not exist without the other.”
“Michelle’s experience demonstrated how rapidly one variant of homelessness could morph into another…how porous all those ostensibly firm distinctions could be. The hidden homeless could very quickly find themselves on the street. Today’s worker, given enough adversity, might lose their job and spiral into addiction or mental illness…Homelessness, seen in this light, was never a fixed state or a static condition. It was a point along a spectrum. In a motel today, on a couch tomorrow. Possibly in a tent a year from now.”