Nothing is less certain today than sex, behind the liberation of its discourse. And nothing today is less certain than desire, behind the proliferation of its images.
In a word, sex is fucked. The free sex movement has hit a dead end. "No more want, no more prohibitions and no more limits: it is the loss of every referential principle." Like bringing a deep sea fish to the surface, sex has deflated into a husk of itself; the differential pressure required to sustain such an act has been released, and it disintegrated between our fingers. So can this genie be put back in the bottle?
Baudrillard starts off very rocky, claiming "Freud was right." Here, I, along with several of the top 1 star reviews on this book, was tempted to stop reading. I pushed on, and I'm glad I did. What Baudrillard managed in this text was a more substantive critique of feminism than I've ever read. Essentially, feminism strove to make women equal to men, under the apparatus of "Law," "Reason," and "Production." Baudrillard argues that in doing so, "Seduction" has been abandoned. What does he mean by that?
"To be seduced is to be turned from one's truth. To seduce is to lead the other from his/her truth."
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"There can never be seduction or challenge by contract."
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"To seduce is to appear weak. To seduce is to render weak."
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"Seduction always seeks to overturn and exorcize a power. If seduction is artificial, it is also sacrificial. One is playing with death, it always being a matter of capturing or immolating the desire of the other."
These quotes from later in the book get to the point. Seduction is a "game," something with arbitrary "rules" (rather than logical "laws" as in governance or science), and by its very arbitrariness, it reels us in. Seduction is "appearances, and the mastery of appearances" (thus fashion, beauty, celebrity); it's especially well-suited for today's climate of profilicity. Seduction is the postmodern tactic par excellence. It is all artifice, all playacting, all a game, and trying to dig underneath it is nonsensical. For example, you can ask if you believe in God in a traditional sense, under the discourse of production, of logos, but under the discourse of seduction, it doesn't make any sense to ask "do you believe in the rules of hide-and-go-seek?" Either you observe the rules or you cheat and are no longer playing the game. To cheat is to miss the point of playing a game, whereas within a discourse of Law, you have the options of "Transgression" and "Abolition." Essentially, Baudrillard is suggesting perhaps the most subversive approach imaginable, one in which actual change can take place. So long as feminists persist in the discourse of production, laws may be shifted around, rights may be administered or taken away, but really nothing changes:
The danger of the sexual revolution for the female is that she will be enclosed within a structure that condemns her to either discrimination when the structure is strong, or a derisory triumph within a weakened structure. The feminine, however, is, and has always been, somewhere else. That is the secret of its strength...the feminine seduces because it is never where it thinks it is, or where it thinks itself.
Of course, dogmatic feminists would balk at such an assertion, since it assumes several things they would consider problematic. If those one-star reviewers could have swallowed their cries of "blasphemy!" for just a few pages more, then they would have seen Baudrillard is not only on their side, he's more radically on their side than they are.
Coyness, indirectness, misdirection, in a word, "seduction," has always been the the core(less core) of feminine sexuality. It was abandoned by feminism, and if it were reclaimed, the possibilities would be endless. Rather than viewing a binary opposition between masculine and feminine, AND rather than merely abolishing the two categories (which are the two options under a "law" discourse, the latter of which 4th wave feminists prefer), Baudrillard suggests that the feminine can "seduce" the masculine. This is both a literal and a metaphorical seduction. Essentially, "seduction represents mastery over the symbolic universe, while power represents only mastery of the real universe." Anyone who studies languages or religion understands that the symbolic universe is not only more powerful than the real universe, it's also more honest about the unreality beneath things:
Seduction is stronger than power because it is reversible and mortal, while power, like value, seeks to be irreversible, cumulative and immortal. Power partakes of all the illusions of production, and of the real; it wants to be real, and so tends to become its own imaginary, its own superstition
Like said in the Tao Te Ching, that which is solid gets dry and stiff, and thus brittle, while that which is liquid remains fluid, can more dynamically react to circumstances. Seduction is precisely one of the main affordances of living in an age of profilicity, that quickly shifting landscape. Seduction, though it may be misinterpreted as a "shallowness" because it is based on appearances, is really a muddying, a complication, an ambiguity: "It is not quite the feminine as surface that is opposed to the masculine as depth, but the feminine as indistinctness of surface and depth." Per postmodernism, the masculine "depth" is the worse illusion, a propping up of "reason," of "meaning;" thus such an approach to femininity is not only more honest, but also "truer:"
But here she survives because outside psychology, meaning or desire. What destroys people, wears them down, is the meaning they give their acts. But the seductress does not attach any meaning to what she does, nor suffer the weight of desire. Even if she speaks of reasons or motives, be they guilty or cynical, it is a trap.
This ironic distance proves powerfully elusive, and it undermines "all the mechanisms of reason and truth people use to protect themselves from seduction;" Baudrillard argues that women have always had (and understood) this power of seduction, have always benefited from its distancing (through appearances), and that it is rooted in premodern magical rites:
For it is not the prohibition, but its non-sense that seduces him. Thus, against all logic, it is the improbable prophecies that come true; all that is required is that they not make too much sense. Otherwise they would not be prophecies. Such is the bewitchment of magical speech, such is the sorcery of seduction.
This is why neither magic nor seduction concerns belief or make-believe, for they employ signs without credibility and gestures without referents; their logic is not one of mediation, but of immediacy, whatever the sign.
Today, many "cultural Jews" follow the law of Moses without even believing in God. They do the rites, they don't eat pork, but they can't explain why. And from the outside it seems absurd, since most of us live in the discourse of production, of law, of science, of reason. Most of human history, however, has been dominated by a sort of seduction.
To wear meaning out, to tire it out in order to liberate the pure seduction of the null signifier or empty term - such is the strength of ritual magic and incantation....The power of words, their "symbolic efficacy" is greater when uttered in a void.
Thus we get both creation ex nihilo, as well as God as The Word. The power of "empty" (magical) words (rites) have been tragically underestimated by contemporary feminists, insofar as they have abandoned it in favor of more explicit forms of power (i.e. Barbie Feminism, Foucault, etc.). Baudrillard argues something I remarked on a long time ago, namely that women have always had their own sort of power, merely a more indirect version:
But they have always remained mistresses of this possibility of eclipse, of seductive disappearance and transluscence, and so have always been capable of eclipsing the power of their masters.
Women have always had a profound ability to, pardon my french, squeeze, and men will obey. This tactic, though crude, was and still is effective. Contemporary feminism has almost entirely dropped it in favor of seeking legal, economic, and employment equality between the sexes and a maximization of pleasure and desire. But, "For seduction, desire is not an end but a hypothetical prize. More precisely, the objective is to provoke and deceive desire." Desire should rightly be viewed as a tactic, not an end in itself. The church understood this, as did every other magical, rule-based, seductive game in town.
If we simplify seduction once again to merely sexual seduction, Baudrillard rails against pornography as quite literally anti-seduction: it's essentially the logical conclusion of a productive, law-based transgression. Its excessive explicitness and frankness with anatomy renders it the least seductive thing one can consume. All subtlety, all (fore)play is removed, and "by giving you a little too much one takes away everything." Somehow, greater detail inverts things so that it feels less real (because we normally don't perceive every detail, nor can we process so much info?). In a sense, we are not meant to see everything through a microscope; that world makes no sense to us, but rather the world of surfaces (seduction) does make sense. This overwhelming flood of information ("info glut," "info overload") is not only a problem for all of us who consume content, but it evokes a similar problem to Derrida's attempt to account for the exceptions, the margins. We humans, however, are limited and cannot process the excessive amount of information being produced every day; if handed all of it unfiltered, we end up processing none of it. We cower in the corner, wanting it all to go away. It turns out that filtering is not merely discrimination, rather it's a necessary survival tactic. We HAVE to jettison some detail in order to function, we HAVE to exclude exceptions, we have to simplify. Derrida's claim to the contrary is not only unrealistic but unethical. It's also hypocritical, as he necessarily must exclude; every choice of context by definition excludes everything outside of the context.
Probably the place that feminism went wrong in terms of the discourse of production was its attempt to "liberate" sex. I thought about that phrase for a bit, and the more I think about it, the idea of liberating sex is among the stupidest I've ever heard. Do you want to "liberate" a panther prowling in your living room? No! It will consume you in a bloody blur of desire, and you'll deserve what you get. The implicit conclusion Baudrillard may be hinting at is that we need more "rules" around sex, not fewer. To get hung up on "laws" is to miss the point, is to move sexuality into a realm it never should enter (the productive, rather than the seductive). Once it does enter the realm of law, of hyper-scientific rationalism, it becomes deeply irrational, and thus contradictory. But seduction lives outside of rationality, and thus Baudrillard's remarks on astrology were fascinating in this context:
Every sign of the Zodiac has its form of seduction. For we all seek the favour of a meaningless fate, and place our hopes in the spell that might result from some absolutely irrational conjuncture - here lies the strength of the horoscope and zodiacal signs. No one should laugh at astrology, for he who no longer seeks to seduce the stars is the sadder for it. In effect, many a person's misfortune comes from their not having a place in the sky, within a field of signs that would agree with them - that is to say, in the last instance, from their not having been seduced by their birth and its constellation. They will bear this fate for life, and their very death will come at the wrong time. To fail to be seduced by one's sign is far more serious than the failure to have one's merits rewarded or one's desire gratified. Symbolic discredit is always much more serious than a real defect or misfortune.
Of course it's not rational, but the logical conclusion of logic is arguably even more irrational. Baudrilalrd challenges us to "imagine a theory that would treat signs in terms of their seductive attraction, rather than their contrasts and oppositions," as this is not only more human, but provides much wider opportunities (political and otherwise). Baudrillard goes so far as to claim that Simone de Beauvoir is behind the curve, not ahead of it:
The claim that anatomy (or the body) is not destiny is not recent, but was made far more stridently in all societies prior to our own. Rituals, ceremonies, raiments, masks, designs, mutilations and torture - all in order to seduce . . . the gods, the spirits, or the dead. The body was the first great medium of this immense undertaking.
Thus, the more we risk our current gnostic trend of abandoning the body, treating it as a disposable object, as something overdetermined by language to the point of nullity (think of trans-ness), the farther we move from seduction. Seduction undermines the masculine conception of nudity as objective truth, but I wonder how much seduction relies on that very misunderstanding in order to seduce. For seduction is only possible so long as the tease continues, as long as the thing being obscured is obscured. As soon as consummation is achieved, visually or otherwise, the allure is lost. In a strange sense, that means that Islamic cultures which veil their women are in a sense much more seductive than libertine western cultures which project half-naked women on every surface. The frankness and ubiquity of the female body's media representation renders it null; it robs our culture of any meaningful seduction. The moment that food/sex/drugs/excitement/laughter become readily available on-demand, they all lose their seductive power. In an economic sense they are irredeemably devalued and rendered inedible, unattractive, and impossible. Paradoxically: limitation, famine, sobriety, moderation, are all preconditions for enjoyment, not barriers to it.
No matter how hard we claw our way out of religion, out of the premodern systems and hierarchies we so flagrantly disparage today, our distance from them only displays their wisdom all the more clearly. But can we return to these systems? Postmodernists like Baudrillard would likely argue no, at least not in an un-altered state. But that's the cool thing about postmodernism: often it wraps back around to premodernity, and we end up being much more ancient than we'd like to admit. It turns out that games, far from being panem et circenses, are really required not only for society to function, but for our sanity's sake. In that case, it's dealer's choice: what game would you like to play? Or, how can I seduce you today?