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Escalante - Người Thầy Xuất Sắc Nhất Nước Mỹ

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Câu chuyện về cuộc đời người thầy giáo gốc Bolivia Jaime Escalante (1930-2010) đã truyền cảm hứng cho nhà văn Jay Mathews viết nên tác phẩm Escalante: Người thầy xuất sắc nhất nước Mỹ.

Truyện kể về Jaime Escalante - giáo viên dạy Toán tại một trường địa phương ở Bolivia. Năm 34 tuổi, ông đến Los Angeles (Mỹ) nhưng không xin được việc bởi không biết tiếng Anh. Thời điểm đó, Mỹ không công nhận chứng chỉ giáo viên của Bolivia.

Escalante phải vừa học tiếng Anh, vừa làm nhiều công việc lao động phổ thông như đầu bếp, rửa xe... Sau 10 năm cố gắng để có được chứng chỉ giáo viên, Escalante đã nộp đơn phỏng vấn tại nhiều trường ở Mỹ và đều bị từ chối. Ở tuổi 44, ông mới được nhận vào làm giáo viên dạy Toán tại trường Trung học Garfield High, một trong những trường thiếu thốn nhất ở Los Angeles và có nguy cơ bị thu hồi giấy phép bởi học sinh ở đây rất ngỗ ngược, quậy phá, ăn nói cực kì vô lễ và không chịu học. Trước đó, nhiều giáo viên ở đây đã xin chuyển đi vì bất lực trước đám học trò này.

Tuy nhiên, càng tiếp xúc, ông càng nhận thấy các học trò của mình không xấu như ông tưởng, thậm chí chúng còn có nhiều tiềm năng. Chúng sinh ra trong gia cảnh nghèo đói, cha mẹ là dân nhập cư, mải lo cơm áo gạo tiền nên không được quan tâm nhiều, cộng thêm sự nản lòng, bất lực và thiếu tin tưởng từ phía một số giáo viên trong trường.

Escalante nhận ra mình cần phải tìm những phương pháp giáo dục khác biệt, bám sát vào sở thích của học trò nhằm khơi dậy năng lực, sự tự tin, khát vọng và truyền ngọn lửa ham học cho học sinh. Những bài giảng Toán học được thầy truyền tải theo cách hài hước, thú vị mà vẫn hiệu quả, đánh vào lòng hiếu kì của các em.

Escalante cũng là người tâm huyết với câu nói: “Nếu không nỗ lực sẽ không có thiên tài”. Theo ông, học sinh khi đến lớp chỉ cần mang theo một thứ duy nhất, đó là khát vọng thành công, và nhiệm vụ của người thầy là khơi dậy khát vọng đó bằng tình yêu thương tràn đầy và phương pháp giáo dục của mình. Ông từng nói với học sinh: “Nếu em không thể nhìn thấy hy vọng, hãy để tôi trao nó cho em, bởi vì tôi là một giáo viên”. Có thể thấy thành tựu mà thầy Escalante có được là nhờ vào sự thay đổi tư duy trong phương pháp giáo dục nhằm tạo ra hứng thú, sự tin tưởng và nuôi dưỡng khát vọng của học sinh.

Kết quả năm đó, 18 học sinh trong lớp đã vượt qua một kì thi nâng cao (AP) để xét vào những trường đại học danh giá nhất nước Mỹ. Đó là những năm thập niên 1980, cả nước Mỹ chỉ có hai trường theo học chương trình AP và rất ít học sinh vượt qua kì thi đầy cam go này. Việc 18 em học sinh của thầy Escalante vượt qua kì thi đã khiến Cục khảo thí Bộ Giáo dục bất ngờ đến mức buộc tội cho 12 em trong số đó là quay cóp. Nhưng sau khi tổ chức thi lại, 12 em này đều vượt qua kì thi một cách xuất sắc. Câu chuyện này đã tạo nên một hiện tượng đặc biệt về giáo dục trên khắp nước Mỹ.

Cuốn sách được viết vào năm 1988, kể về những năm đầu đời thầy Escalante cống hiến với nghề giáo. Thế nhưng sự cống hiến không dừng lại ở đó, thầy vẫn tiếp tục hành trình truyền lửa cho học trò. Hơn 30 năm đứng trên bục giảng, Escalante giữ vững phương pháp giáo dục này và bằng lòng yêu thương tràn đầy, ông đã đào tạo hơn 400 học sinh ưu tú đỗ vào những trường đại học nổi tiếng thế giới như Harvard, MIT, Stanford...

364 pages, Paperback

First published January 1, 1988

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Jay Mathews

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Profile Image for Jean Schram.
140 reviews2 followers
August 9, 2025
“INTELLIGENCE OF LATIN PEOPLE SUPRISES U.S.” – a headline in a Puerto Rican newspaper (about the success of the Calculus AP program at Garfield High in Los Angeles under Jaime Escalante)—reported on page 232
Published in 1988, this is a comprehensive look at how Jaime Escalante got into teaching and the first few years of his time teaching at Garfield High School, during which the school, which was in a low socioeconomic area and which was attended by students whose families experienced many struggles, became one of the highest-achieving AP Calculus schools in the nation, even outperforming some elite private schools that students have to test into). It reads like a case study. There are a lot of details, including brief profiles of some of Escalante’s students and fellow teachers and staff members (including Henry Gradillas, the principal, who later wrote a book about turning around Garfield, called Stading and Delivering). I first saw the movie based on Escalante, Stand and Deliver, as a preteen, and it has influenced my career as a teacher (I still get chills just thinking about the last scene), so it was interesting for me to read the true story. The biggest differences between real life and the movie: 1) The movie compresses the timeline. The program was built over several years. He did not take students who didn’t know math facts and get them to pass the Calculus AP exam the next year. 2) There was a non-racist reason that the 1982 tests were investigated. Several students had the exact same wrong figuring and answer in a problem; the error was statistically very unlikely to happen by chance. Some of the students admitted passing a note but later took back their admissions. (See pages 174-179.) In any case, they all had the ability to pass, as was evidenced by the fact that they passed the retest, which was given at a later time under very strict testing conditions. It really is a phenomenal story—especially the fact that the success lasted for many of these students. They went on to high-ranking colleges and became successful scientists, some even working for NASA.
Here is a 2002 article that tells what happened at Garfield after this book was published: Stand and Deliver Revisited - Reason.com

127: [Gradillas] “took the job eagerly, providing the last essential ingredient for a mix of personalities and talents which would, unexpectedly, coalesce into an academic marvel.”
138: “If he wants to teach us that bad, we can learn.” Luis Cervantes, microbiologist nd Garfield Class of 1982 graduate when Escalante came back to the classroom after a major medical event
193: Delia Mora, class of 1983: “I’m not going to class because I want to. But when you see all the effort he puts into the class, you begin to want to put out just as much.”
188: “Escalante’s classes already accounted for one out of every four Mexican Americans taking AP calculus IN THE WHOLE COUNTRY.”
203: Gradillas tells a counselor that Escalante “has his own school of psychology”.
210 [re: the ELAC program]: “Eventually the federal funding ended altogether, just as Escalante and Jimenez had soured to an unprecedented level of success. Washington’s money went not necessarily to programs that worked to programs that fit into the legislative and regulatory definitions.”
218: “Garfield teachers had to inspire trust because their students had so little faith in themselves.”
237: “Escalante called all students of Asian descent his ‘Kung fus’.”—also called heavier kids Gordo and Gordita—called kids Burros--had problems with fellow staff—told kids to drop band, etc.—kids failed other classes because of so much Calculus homework
249: motivational speech by Escalante to his students--“The only thing you got to do over here, you go to work with ganas. You don’t have to have a high IQ, not like the ones that have one twenty, one forty IQ. Myself, I have a negative IQ. So the only thing I require of you is the ganas.”
286: lesson for teachers—“Demand more than they think they have to give. Spend every available moment convincing them they can do it if they simply make an effort.”
Profile Image for Vito.
Author 3 books9 followers
May 11, 2018
If you've seen the movie "Stand and Deliver," you have a grip on what this book is about. It's the life story of Jaime Escalante who became famous for taking a failing school in East Los Angeles and churning out a high number of students who could pass the Advanced Placement Calculus exam.

It really boils down to him being a master teacher.

While his profile hit the national (international, really) spotlight when some of his students were accused of cheating during this exam, the part that dumbfounded people were the students themselves who were taking it. These were not students expected to perform at such an advanced level.

How did he do it?

Reading his life story and the techniques he used are still inspiring to this day. While we have better tools than what was available to him in the early 80s, the core of how he got his students on board are timeless, universal principles:

Build rapport with your students, show them you care and set high expectations.

I still remember the advice my aunt gave to me as a beginning teacher. She was a person who was well loved by students and staff alike, some of which were my own friends who hated school and everything about it... except her class. When I prompted her for the secrets to her success, she had this to say:

"Just get the students on board with you. Once that happens, you can take them anywhere."

Getting them on board with you, however, requires an incredible amount of effort, which is often overlooked by a generation of people looking for shortcuts. This is what makes this book refreshing — it shows that no single tool or lesson plan will get students performing at a high level. That task still belongs to the teacher and more specifically, the teacher at heart.
Profile Image for Michael Goodine.
Author 2 books12 followers
October 21, 2022
This book describes how Jaime Escalante prepared underprivileged students in East Los Angeles to take the AP Calculus Exam in the 1970s and 80s. Escalante’s unique approach to this task yielded amazing (and unprecedented) results. I don’t know if his techniques would work forty years later, but this is a great book for anyone interested in teaching and in the value of standardized tests. It's also a great advertisement for the AP program, which continues to this day. Readers might also benefit from its sketch of how public schools operated in LA during those decades. They faced challenges then, and they face challenges now.
145 reviews
June 10, 2019
Grabbed this from an old book giveaway pile because it reminded me of my high school calculus teacher’s obsession with the movie. Was fun to learn more about the story, but I lost interest after that section (and book started to get pretty disjointed too).
1 review
October 26, 2021
Please I like to read this book. I love this history. And it's imposible to obtain this book for me. I love maths and this history is an inspiración for me. Thanks. Eduardo from Argentina
Profile Image for Oriyah N.
331 reviews22 followers
June 18, 2016
The first half of the book was both interesting and relevant. If it had stopped there, I could have given it at least four stars, if not five. Escelante's teaching methods are often relevant(with sound tactics that can help to instruct a neophyte) though sometimes controversial. From a biographical point of view it was certainly informative. The second half seemed to drag on and felt almost pointless. Read parts 1 and 2 without 3 (I think that was the cutoff) and you'll be good to go.
Profile Image for Victor McGuire.
Author 13 books4 followers
December 4, 2010
If you are a teacher you should have read this book. If not READ IT!! Against all odds Excalante takes a band of Hispanic students from LA that were cast offs and creates a math kings and queens... Very insirational!!!
Profile Image for Pedro.
52 reviews25 followers
October 2, 2010
Excruciatingly inspiring. A must read for teachers.
Profile Image for Tamula.
263 reviews1 follower
May 29, 2016
Great biography of an amazing teacher.
Profile Image for Sherry.
8 reviews
December 26, 2015
Inspiring but time line(s) in story are not arranged clearly.
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