Jump to ratings and reviews
Rate this book

Abraham Lincoln: The Man Behind the Myths

Rate this book
“There is no better introduction to current thinking about Lincoln and his place in history.” —Newsday

An essential book for any student of Lincoln and American history, Abraham Lincoln: The Man Behind the Myths is acclaimed Lincoln biographer Stephen B. Oates's unique exploration of America's sixteenth president in reality and memory. 

In this multifaceted portrait, Oates, "the most popular historical interpreter of Lincoln" (Gabor S. Boritt, New York Times Book Review), exposes the human side of the great and tragic president—including his depression, his difficulties with love, and his troubled and troubling attitudes about slavery—while also confronting the many legends that have arisen around "Honest Abe." Oates throughout raises timely questions about what the Lincoln mythos reveals about the American people.

240 pages, Paperback

First published April 1, 1984

44 people are currently reading
324 people want to read

About the author

Stephen B. Oates

42 books64 followers
An expert on 18th century U.S. history, Stephen B. Oates was professor of history at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, where he taught from 1969 until his retirement in 1997. Oates received his BA (1958), MA (1960), and Ph.D. (1969) from the University of Texas.

Oates wrote 16 books during his career, including biographies of Martin Luther King, Jr., Abraham Lincoln, Clara Barton, and John Brown, and an account of Nat Turner's slave rebellion. His Portrait of America, a compilation of essays about United States history, is widely used in advanced high school and undergraduate university American history courses. His two "Voices of the Storm" books are compilations of monologues of key individuals in events leading up to and during the American Civil War. He also appeared in the well-known Ken Burns PBS documentary on the war.

Oates received the Nevins-Freeman Award of the Chicago Civil War Round Table for his historical work on the American Civil War.

Ratings & Reviews

What do you think?
Rate this book

Friends & Following

Create a free account to discover what your friends think of this book!

Community Reviews

5 stars
71 (26%)
4 stars
119 (43%)
3 stars
61 (22%)
2 stars
16 (5%)
1 star
5 (1%)
Displaying 1 - 28 of 28 reviews
Profile Image for Jacky.
162 reviews4 followers
July 1, 2016
The first four parts of the book were pretty good, but the last part of the book switches from historical storytelling to debunking various Lincoln assassination plots and recounting the final years of Mary Todd Lincoln. It's an odd choice and a super depressing one. It's like drinking a nice cup of tea and getting to the bottom before realizing it was brewed with the distilled tears of orphans.
Profile Image for Nolan.
3,852 reviews38 followers
January 31, 2026
I’ve rarely read a biography or history as readable and downright enjoyable as this one. It was a five-star, single-session experience—I read while eating, while juggling frustrating phone calls that only interrupted because I couldn’t bear to put the book down.

Oates does a fantastic job respecting the nation’s need for myths in its history while gently separating Lincoln from the larger-than-life legends that have surrounded him for nearly two centuries. Best of all, he does this without tawdry tarnishing of a remarkable leader whose positions and perspectives evolved throughout his presidency. I’m no Lincoln expert, but I’ve read enough to spot thorough, careful research—and Oates brings his receipts in spades.

He strikes a great balance: debunking myths without disrespecting their original tellers. Take the Anne Rutledge romance—Carl Sandburg pushed it for a time, but Oates calmly shows how the myth started, without trashing Sandburg.

The book’s length is perfect. Some criticize Oates for skimping on Lincoln’s formative years, but I suspect that’s covered in his larger biography. This one focuses sharply on separating the man from the myths, helping you see Lincoln more clearly: the gangly, melancholy man who laughed too loud and cried in private, yet rose above his doubts to bend history.

One persistent myth Oates dismantles is that Lincoln clung to colonization of Black people outside the U.S. until his death.

“After he issued the Emancipation Proclamation, Lincoln never again urged colonization in public—an eloquent silence, indicating that he had concluded that Dixie’s whites and liberated Negroes must somehow learn to live together. How, then, could Lerone Bennett and others maintain that Lincoln to the end of his life was a champion of colonization? That argument rests exclusively on the 1892 autobiography of Union political general Benjamin F. Butler. In it, Butler claimed that in April, 1865, Lincoln feared a race war in the South and still wanted to ship the blacks abroad. Not only is Butler a highly dubious witness, but there is not a scintilla of corroborative evidence to support his story, which one Lincoln scholar has recently exposed as ‘entirely a fantasy.’ There is not a single other source that quotes the President, in public or in private, as stating that he still favored colonization.”

Even now, many assume Lincoln would have been far more lenient on Southerners during Reconstruction if he’d lived. Oates disagrees:

“… Far from being a lenient plan as many have claimed, Lincoln’s Proclamation made emancipation the very basis of reconstruction, thus placing him again on the side of Sumner and the advanced and moderate members of his party (conservative Republicans and Democrats, recall, still wanted to restore the rebel South with slavery preserved). Moreover, the President indicated that he intended to control the affairs of emancipated blacks in conquered Dixie. As for the old southern ruling class, Lincoln agreed with Sumner that it should be eradicated, and the President’s emancipation and reconstruction policies were calculated to do just that. Emancipation, as we have seen, would obliterate the very institution on which the southern master class depended for its existence. And Lincoln’s Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction excluded nearly all rebellious southern leaders from participating in his reconstructed governments. True, Lincoln said he might modify his classes of pardons if that seemed warranted, and he did let disqualified individuals apply to him for clemency. But in his Message to Congress in December, 1864, he warned that the time might come—probably would come—when "public duty" would force him to "close the door" on all pardons and adopt "more rigorous measures." At all events, Lincoln had no intention of allowing prewar southern leaders—a class he had once castigated as slavedealers in politics—to regain power in postwar Dixie.”

Elsewhere, Oates adds: “By war’s end, Lincoln seemed on the verge of a new phase of reconstruction, a tougher phase that would call for some form of Negro suffrage, more stringent voting qualifications for ex-Confederates (as hinted at in his 1864 Message to Congress), and probably an army of occupation for the postwar South. At his last Cabinet meeting, Lincoln and his secretaries unanimously agreed that such an army might be necessary to prevent the rebellious southern majority from overwhelming the small Unionist minority in Dixie and maybe even re-enslaving the blacks. In other words, the President was already considering in April, 1865, what Congress would later adopt in the days of ‘Radical Reconstruction.’”

On the myth of Lincoln as an unchanging white supremacist: “In the matter of black political rights, Lincoln was ahead of most members of his party—and far ahead of the vast majority of northern whites at that time.”

Oates sums up his historical Lincoln beautifully: “The historical Lincoln, as I have tried to approximate him, was a flawed and complex man who had the gift of vision that let him see things few others ever see. When I say that he was flawed, I am not profaning his memory, as many of my correspondents have accused me of doing. On the contrary, the historical Lincoln comes out more heroic than the immortal Man of the People, because we see him overcoming his deficiencies and self-doubts, often against tremendous odds. Lincoln’s long struggle against adversity—inner adversity as well as the terrible problems of his day—is something anybody can identify with and learn from. We can learn from Lincoln’s life that even those who rise to supreme heights have personal dilemmas—identity crises, ambivalences, hurts, setbacks, and even a loss of will—which they have to anguish over and work their way through. When I think back over his life, back over his embattled presidency, I am still astonished that he survived the burdens of his office. But he not only survived them; he prevailed. He fought the war through to a total Union triumph, a triumph for popular government and a larger concept of the inalienable rights of man. He summoned Americans both North and South, Americans both black and white, to dedicate themselves to a new birth of freedom, so that government of, by, and for all the people would not perish from the earth.”

Naturally, Oates can’t resist Lincoln’s storytelling gift: “That Lincoln said his ‘ear bones’ ached to hear a good peal of honest laughter, engaged in preposterous repartee with Secretary of State William H. Seward, and still told stories on himself. One of his favorites was about two Quaker women discussing the end of the war. ‘I think,’ the first said, ‘that Jefferson Davis will succeed.’ ‘Why does thee think so?’ asked the second. ‘Because Jefferson is a praying man,’ the first replied. ‘And so is Abraham a praying man,’ the second rejoined. ‘Yes,’ said the first woman, ‘but the Lord will think Abraham is joking.’”

Oates structures the book in five major parts with shorter chapters. The final section covers the aftermath of Lincoln’s assassination. Some reviewers felt it lost focus on the myth-busting mission, but I didn’t mind at all. For the first time, it forced me to reconsider Mary Todd Lincoln’s circumstances. Oates helped me see her as a complex, sometimes difficult person who was also worthy of love and respect. Like too many, I’d bought into the “hell cat” or “witch woman” caricature—uncharitable, as it turns out. She endured immense grief and adversity; Oates masterfully reveals her pain and hopelessness like no other author I’ve read. I had no idea she attempted suicide at least once, and it saddened me to learn her oldest son, Robert, briefly committed her to an asylum. It cheered me to know she forgave him near the end of her life.

This book sat unread on my hard drive for ten years. I’m so relieved—and thrilled—I never deleted it, assuming if I hadn’t read it after a decade, I never would. I’d have missed one of the most engaging, memorable reads in ages. In a time when myths vs. reality debates still rage, Oates' even-handed, humanizing approach feels refreshingly honest and timeless.

Five solid stars. If you want Lincoln humanized—flawed, funny, evolving, heroic—this is it.

Heads-up: Deals frankly with grief, mental health struggles (Mary’s especially), and evolving racial views—handled with care and context.

Profile Image for Kimberly.
199 reviews2 followers
February 1, 2025
This biography of Abraham Lincoln provides a fairly thorough examination of his life, particularly his political career. The author engages with previous biographies, highlighting how some writers perpetuated myths about Lincoln that shaped public perception in ways that were not always accurate. In an effort to separate fact from fiction, the book presents a more realistic interpretation of Lincoln’s legacy.

While the biography is relatively concise, it focuses primarily on Lincoln’s political life, leaving aspects of his personal life less explored. I would have appreciated more detail about his relationships with his wife, Mary Todd Lincoln, and their children, particularly Robert Todd Lincoln. Though the book does provide some insight into Mary Lincoln, a deeper exploration of her influence and experiences would have been valuable.

Originally published in the 1980s, this biography raises the question of whether more recent research has shed new light on Lincoln’s life and presidency. Nevertheless, it remains an engaging and informative account of one of America’s most significant historical figures and his lasting impact on the nation.
8 reviews
June 4, 2012
Nick O


This quarter i read Abraham Lincoln: The Man Behind The Myths by Stephen B. Oates. This book told the story of Lincoln’s life from his birth through his presidency and up until his death. He was assassinated at a play by John Wilkes Booth. It illustrated his whole life and how America was effected by his death. it also talked a lot about Lincoln’s involvement in the Civil War
I thought this book was interesting and had good information. It had a lot of good quotes and facts about Lincoln. though It was a good book it was boring to read, it was like reading a text book.
I give this book a 3 out of 5 because it had very good information but was boring to read. I would recommend this book to people writing an essay on Lincoln or just researching him because they are interested.
3,035 reviews14 followers
December 1, 2017
One thing that I like about this author is that he has a "take no prisoners" attitude about people who make things up and try to sell the results as history. Thus, he takes on everyone from Herndon to the folks who did bad Lincoln conspiracy movies.
The only real weakness in the book is that the parts about Mary Lincoln, after her husband's death, just kind of trickle off. Other than partly explaining why her son had her committed [briefly, as it turned out] to a mental institution, there wasn't much of interest in that section. The rest was much better.
Oates portrays a man who is at neither end of the extremes of the ways he is usually described, and that seems both fair and reasonable. This is a very readable book, a quick read but with lots of notes and sources, if you want to do further reading into the various mythologies of Lincoln.
Author 3 books5 followers
July 24, 2018
Uncommonly lyrical writing for biography-maybe because it goes beyond the typical timeline to examine something I've often pondered-is that Lincoln we've read about the real man, or some sort of construct created out of our own need for a father figure/hero? If he is a myth, who guided and guarded his legacy? He comes to some interesting conclusions. Definitely recommended to people who stay read up on Lincoln.
Profile Image for ErnstG.
459 reviews6 followers
April 23, 2021
This isn't a short biography but more valuable -- it is a succinct summary of the major elements of a biography. Who better to write it than one of his most acclaimed biographers?

The fourth part of the book debunks some of the wilder conspiracy stories. It was the only part of the book that I thought was too long.

P64 re psychology of the Southerners and attitude towards slavery, and how that differed from what Lincoln thought.
531 reviews4 followers
September 19, 2021
I found this book to be more informative and interesting than some of the Lincoln biographies I've read (or tried to read) because Oates dispenses with all the practical necessities of a full biography (see his "With Malice Toward None" for that) and focuses on revealing the Lincoln that myths and storytelling have obscured. Following Lincoln's twisting path toward emancipation was especially illuminating.
Profile Image for Kim.
113 reviews
October 10, 2024
Oates is my favorite Lincoln biographer, and this book did not disappoint. No matter how many books about Lincoln one reads, there seem to always be new nuggets of information to be found, and Oates always delivers those wonderful surprises.
Profile Image for Kevin.
80 reviews
July 10, 2019
The prelude is a tough to get through, not necessary to read this. The rest of the book is a good history that many of us, I'm sure, have mostly forgotten.
Profile Image for Anthony.
310 reviews5 followers
July 25, 2013
July 19, 2013
A Review by Anthony T. Riggio of Stephen B. Oates, Abraham Lincoln, The Man Behind the Myths.

I downloaded this work from Kindle and it is one of the better biographies of Lincoln, though limited to, many of the common beliefs and misconceptions about the life of Lincoln. Oates wrote this book in 1984 while teaching at the University of Massachusetts in Amherst. His Part one deals with the popular myths about the man, namely the people’s man and the arch villain. It contrasts his reputation in both the North and the South. Oates does a great job in presenting the reasons for much of Lincoln’s mood swings and his preoccupation with the strategy of the war.

Lincoln’s idea’s about slavery are one of the most misunderstood and misinterpreted concepts of his political life and Oates presents these in a dispassionate form. I believe from reading this part, that Mr. Lincoln was always, in his heart of hearts always an abolitionist though many continue to argue about his motives regarding slavery. Oates paints the best conclusion I have read in the many biographies I have read about Lincoln.

All of his leadership efforts are clearly aimed at the preservation of the Union to include his personal belief that the rebel states continued to remain part of the United States. This idea, I believe, motivated his posture on reconstruction as the war was winding down. Evidence of this is clearly manifest in the position of his commanding general US Grant.

It is very clear to the reader that Lincoln’s assassination created an increased difficult time for the White southerners and equally a curse for the newly freed slaves.

I recommend this short book, which is well outlined and commented upon as a balanced biography and one which every student of the Civil War and Abraham Lincoln should add to his collection of must reads. I was very happy to give five stars to this book.
Profile Image for John Wood.
1,152 reviews46 followers
February 14, 2013
I could spend all my time reading books about Abraham Lincoln! It is very interesting discovering his complex personality including his acclaimed sense of humor. The ultimate self made man demonstrates that you can have wisdom and knowledge without formal schooling. It is difficult to separate fact and fiction but Stephen B. Oates does an admirable job of distinguishing between the historic and mythical Lincoln. Oates presents this history by trying to uncover the truth whether or not it is favorable. I found the discussion of Lincoln's beliefs and his political maneuverings and compromises very interesting. Although he never waivers in his belief that slavery is wrong, his position changes from allowing slavery to die out naturally to emancipation of the slaves in the conquered areas. The author also asserts that Lincoln eventually changed his belief that the slaves should be sent to Africa. I liked this book so much that I was compelled to buy "With Malice Towards None" another Lincoln biography by Stephen B. Oates.
Profile Image for Ken Peters.
300 reviews2 followers
December 28, 2024
This is the second book I've read about Lincoln this year, primarily because I rather admire the man. But I chose this book over one of the many massive biographies out there because this book so succinctly and informatively distills from the myriad details of Lincoln's life both his greatest qualities as well as his great humanity, while also debunking some of the more persistent yet fanciful romantic notions that have persisted about him over the years. And it helps that it was written by the author of what many consider the best one-volume biography ever written about Lincoln. It's a fascinating read, not only because Lincoln was called upon to lead a nation in the midst of an horrific civil war, but also because Lincoln was able to persist as a leader amidst such incredible hostility and adversity. His moral backbone and tenacity in pursuing a vision amidst great resistance are truly characteristics worth celebrating.
Profile Image for Reading Through the Lists.
556 reviews13 followers
April 9, 2014
This book is meant to be a companion volume to 'With Malice Toward None', Oates's biography of Abraham Lincoln. His purpose here is not to give the whole life story of the president but to free him from the countless myths and false personas that have sprung up concerning him. He presents Lincoln as a real man- capable of failures but with tremendous personal courage and unshakable morals, more than enough to justify the respect he has gained in modern society.
The book is easy to read and full of fun anecdotes and interesting trivia about one of America's favorite presidents.
Profile Image for Karen Lohse.
5 reviews
July 11, 2010
This is one the best biographys I've ever read. I've read quite a bit about Lincoln as I am a big fan. But I felt I got to know him so much better as a person after reading this book. It was written with good flow while still attending to a lot of facts and referring to other books and sources, no small feat! I also liked the fact that is was a short read as I've been busier as of late. I highly reccomend this book.
Profile Image for Kim.
42 reviews1 follower
March 11, 2011
I had to read this for my college history class. I actually enjoyed it because it was very informative. It covers the life of lincoln; however, it's not a biography. Oates strives to help the reader distinguish the "mythological" Lincoln from the "historical" Lincoln. Furthermore, he explain how the mythological Lincoln has influenced our perception of an ideal society. It's a very interesting read.
1 review
March 4, 2008
I think this book was very informative. However, it was all facts and the end was the only part written like a story. The end was written very well.
Profile Image for Karlee.
9 reviews1 follower
February 9, 2009
This is an excellent book to read if you were to write a paper on Abraham Lincoln, if you are wanting something interesting, than you should probably look elsewhere, as the book is very dull.
Profile Image for Dick.
424 reviews5 followers
March 24, 2009
Stephen B. Oates is a well read writer on Lincoln and a has a good way with putting it into words. I have had this book a long time.
Profile Image for Anna van Erven.
72 reviews9 followers
June 22, 2009
This book is excellent for any Lincoln fans like myself. Clearly represents all of the facts of the situations.
Profile Image for Toni Miranda.
201 reviews3 followers
November 30, 2010
This is one of the best biographies of Lincoln that I have read. It addresses the criticims as well as the praise and is very well balanced.
74 reviews
August 21, 2014
Excellent book. This is a comparison of the legends about Lincoln and the historical man. Brings to life how Lincoln grew and adapted as the war progressed. Highly recommended
Profile Image for Eric Black.
383 reviews
March 22, 2015
Something of a "Cliff Notes" version of With Malice Toward None. Includes additional material on what took place after Lincoln's assassination and how it affected Mary Lincoln.
Profile Image for Lisa Stethem.
309 reviews2 followers
July 27, 2016
Although I had to force myself to read this book for a reading challenge, I did actually learn some things. Again not my favorite type of read but I made it thru. No fault to the book...
Displaying 1 - 28 of 28 reviews

Can't find what you're looking for?

Get help and learn more about the design.