While this is a long historical read about the man who named “Australia”, Matthew Flinders, it is by no means boring or heavy, rather the author combines well the events of the times such as the wars between France and England, the exploration rivalry that given a different set of circumstances Australians could well have been speaking French. There would not have been a convict settlement for the poor sods of the English system who were sent to the ends of the earth to a dry and hostile environment.
The English were still seething at their loss of the American colonies and for whom the French assisted in their cause against the English. The account enters into the time of Napoleon and his conquests and subsequent war with England. Matthew Flinders also encountered the Balcombes on St Helena where Napoleon was finally sent. [After the Balcombes were recalled to England and ostracised due to their friendship with Napoleon who was left to die a dreadful death, the English hated him, the Balcombes finally settled in Australia bringing Napoleonic memorabilia with them for which copies are on view at the cottage owned by Emma and Alexander Balcombe “The Briars”, Mt. Martha in Victoria.]
Matthew's father was a doctor and he had plans for his son to follow in his footsteps but as a young teenager Matthew announced he wanted to go to sea, so obsessed was he with the story of Robinson Crusoe and the discoveries made by Captain Cook, he wanted that life. Of course it took money and connections. Fortunately he did have a benefactor who had the connections and his father supplied the necessary financial means for uniforms etc. He joined the Royal Navy at just fifteen years.
The family was pretty typical of the day, women seemed to be constantly pregnant and such was the Flinders family with often the misfortune of babies dying at birth or very young and women also. Matthew's mother died quite young and his father remarried to start yet another family.
The book details Flinders voyages giving insight into what seems today pretty rickety ships. He didn't seem to ever have a solid reliable one, rather his were former industrial or slave ships refurbished and patched up, the Investigator had been a coal ship.
Flinders seemed to be an impetuous young man and looked for fame and glory before it was due. What kept him grounded was his superiors, he was on friendly terms with Sir Joseph Banks famed botanist and Baronet. Banks was President of the Royal Society and while he had no official position in the Navy, as a naturalist of great standing he had considerable influence with King George III and the Admiralty. Flinders wrote to Sir Joseph Banks proposing a voyage to make a full and accurate chart of New Holland, (Australia). Banks approved the proposal and the Admiralty agreed and ordered a ship, the Investigator, to be made ready and at the suggestion of Banks, appointed the young, now a lieutenant, Matthew Flinders as the commander of the expedition.
He was incarcerated for nearly seven years by the belligerent General De Caen, governor of Mauritius, then a French colony due to Flinders’ incorrect paperwork and charged as a spy when he had arrived with a limping ship. This created another problem by putting stress on his new marriage. Ann had been reluctant to marry a navy man due to her experience with her father, always absent. Flinders had tried to sneak her on board when leaving England but in doing so and being discovered brought condemnation from the Navy and Banks. Ann was left behind and returned to her home.
All this aside, one cannot help but marvel at the tenacity and bravery of this young man and his crew who navigated the coastline of Australia to prove that it was an island continent, braving the terrible conditions that can come from the Antarctic, through Bass Strait that separates the mainland from Van Diemen's Land (Tasmania) and the southern coastline of Victoria where the winds can fair blow you off the face of the earth. Then of course there is the Great Barrier Reef from the tip of northeastern Australia to the southern end for 2,300 kms (1,429 miles) over an area of approximately 214,042.752 sq kms (133,000 sq miles). He had just the basic navigating equipment of the time with Flinders discovering the differences in magnetic changes due to the ship's iron component and proposed the use of iron bars be used to compensate for the magnetic deviations.
While Flinders never received any prestigious or rightful recognition for his achievements while alive by the English government and for his years of continued service from fifteen years old to his death at just forty years and for mapping the continent of Australia, he is a celebrated icon in the country that he so named with over 100 places and geographical sites named in his honour. (During his expeditions he never named a new discovery in his own name).
He died of kidney disease and sadly did not see all his work published.
His maps are still in use today, particularly the northern tip of Australia and surrounding islands.
In death he still travels and in 2024 he will be reburied for the third time, hopefully along with the ghost of his famous cat Trim.
“BBC NEWS… Flinders' coffin will be carried by Royal Navy pall bearers during the service at St Mary and the Holy Rood Church in Donington on 13 July 2024, with services for children and the village either side of the interment”......Flinders joined the navy aged 15 and he made several coastal explorations of Australia, completing the circumnavigation in 1803.”