I like historical fiction, and Feuchtwanger is a superb writer of the same. His Erfolg is still for me the master, but Die Haessliche Herzogin is also a great book.
Jud Suess--literally the Jew named Suess (Sweet)--is a complex and ambitious book, written about the underlying fault lines in Germany between Catholics and Protestants and of course the much smaller Jewish community (with cameo appearances from the French and some fascinating differences between different Jewish factions, including the cabbalists).
It is hard to sum up 526 pages of rich events which together define the professional life of Jud Suess, a successful financier who however sees his chance of backing the somewhat unlikely successor of the Dukedom of Wuertemberg in southwest Germany, at the beginning of the 18th century--at just the right time when the Duke at the start of the book unexpectedly dies. By backing the distant successor (Karl Alexander)--who has chiefly distinguished himself in war in Serbia fighting against the Ottoman--who is also backed by the Catholic church in Bavaria in an effort to bring the duchy away from its strictly Protestant heritage and into the Catholic church.
Suess finances this unlikely successor, in a role which Jews are permitted to do and who benefit from a small but honor bound network of other Jewish financiers throughout Germany and Europe. And in financing Karl Alexander, Suess becomes a major part of court life and of Karl Alexander's daily life--whether hunting, playing off the bourgeois Protestants, or--bordering the sordid--arranging for the Duke to "have his way" with many women--some less willing than others.
Indeed politics is a dirty business, and ambition permeates the small duchy--with Karl Alexander fed in his ambitions by Suess who of course profits from every transaction. More generally, Suess's own ambitions---including with women and in increasingly manipulating Karl Alexander--drive him to dress fashionably--showing up the Duke of Thurn and Taxis for example, and with his power grows his pride. He is warned by some fellow Jewish financiers and esp by a mysterious rabbi--who brings Suess his illegitimate daughter for Suess to care for--to keep his pride in check. But Suess thinks he knows it all and pushes ahead.
The arc of his ascendancy does not go except by puncturing the ambitions and even fortunes of his rivals or even the fortunes and businesses of ordinary citizens, as Suess devises taxes and orchestrates judicial takings of the businesses of those who do not pay Suess and Karl Alexander the
bribes and fines which Karl Alexander's duchy needs to equip armies or pay for mistresses.
Of course, what goes up in this case will come down as enemies bind together and as Karl Alexander sees Suess taking more and more. Until Suess's daughter is pursued by a drunken Karl Alexander and dies. At last--too late--Suess realizes that the unbridled power of the Duke--as enabled by Suess himself--results in the suffering of the innocent. How does this all get resolved?
The tension behind the dilemmae--inherent in the numerous beautifully described vignettes--faced by the ambitious must be resolved. But with every step up on the "ladder", the ambitious must trade their loved ones and family life against further selfish progress, the "successful ones" seem to live ever less stable and secure lives. Beneath the selfish pursuits, the Catholics are scheming to take over via force the duchy.
Feuchtwanger theorizes that there are three broad cultural flows which compete or crash against each other--the western "bias towards action and individual success", the "wisdom" of the East (don't resist but join in the flow of history, collective streams and aspiring to nirvana), and the "middleland" of Canaan--which seeks to survive and take care of ones tribe while avoiding being caught up between the two large drivers. Writes Feuchtwanger:
"Ewig fluten die drei Wellen ueber das kleine Land (Canaan) und muenden ineinander; die helle, rauschende vom Wollen und Tun, die heisse, gluehende vom herrischen Nicht-dem-Tod-sich-fuegen, die milde, dunkle vom Verstroemen und Verzichten. Still und aufmerksam liegt das winzige Land Kanaan und laesst die Wellen ueber sich hin und ineinader fluten." Geography as culture, but a useful perspective describing a clash of civilizations that is inherently unstable.
As befits the above understanding of culture, Feuchtwanger shows how virtually all his human characters are flawed--they try to do what they think they can get away with, but they are flawed and selfish, the more "power" they have, the more flawed and selfish they are.
Ultimately, though Suess has been very clever in never formally taking a government position, his cleverness has led to so much hatred that the other government officials who were guilty of stealing and who committed acts against the country and its people--"get away with it"--by bribing the new politicians after yet another Duke dies and is replaced by someone who is not Catholic but protestant again, and who does not spend wildly on wine and women, but seeks to impose his "work, duty and justice" on hos people. But ironically, only Suess--who is certainly not guilty by the letter of the law, although guilty of ambition and using tricks to amass huge wealth--is executed, while the "bad" Christian officials (be they Catholic or Protestant) walk away free:
"Das ist ein seltenes Ereignis, dass ein Jud fuer Christenschelmen die Zeche zahlt."
Feuchtwanger here is clearly referring to Jesus dying for the sinning Jewish Israel, although he is also pointing to the sin of pride and the danger of any human thinking he can outthink the mob.
Because the mob exists and as Pilate washed his hands to give the mob what it "wanted", so the final Duke of the book gives in to give his mobs what they think they want.
A richly textured book with deep political and societal lessons. 4.3 is probably right--the book's deep if realistic cynicism means that aside from the strong images I do not think one walks away from this book with a song in one's heart or a deeper appreciation of beauty. But as a warning, the book is excellent.
Feuchtwanger wrote the first variant of Jud Suess in 1916/17 during WWI--where the "State" needed Protestant Germans to fight alongside Catholic Germans against the French, British and Russian. While the book was historically accurate for 200 years earlier, it was however seen as provocative "us against them" during the War, and was therefore banned during the war. It was published finally in 1922, but achieved greater success in the USA and UK, with German readers possibly more disturbed in the book's not so hidden message that as far as Germany was concerned, "der Rechtstaat" (a country that is governed under law) was in fact bogus, with the mob and/or the government able to influence the courts either through the threat of violence or judicial manipulation (removing judges who interpret the law as written instead of as the political taskmasters wish them to). Looking at the mobs active in the US now against judges, with politicians ordering police not to protect the homes of judges, or threatening to expand the court or seek to impeach sitting justices--we may ask ourselves whether a new generation of Western citizens should read this book.