The Dutch-Spanish confrontation in the 17th century began as a local insurrection but evolved into the world's first global conflict--a conflict that profoundly influenced the relationship between Europe and the Indies as well as the European balance of power and the world economy. This is the first study of the conflict and its immediate aftermath. Israel reveals the deep and complex divisions between the political elites on both sides and demonstrates the decisive impact of political and military activity on the economic fate of Europe and the wider world.
Jonathan Irvine Israel is a British writer on Dutch history, the Age of Enlightenment and European Jews. Israel was appointed as Andrew W. Mellon Professor in the School of Historical Studies at the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, New Jersey, in January 2001. He was previously Professor of Dutch History and Institutions at the University of London.
In recent years, Israel has focused his attention on a multi-volume history of the Age of Enlightenment. He contrasts two camps. The "radical Enlightenment" founded on a rationalist materialism first articulated by Spinoza. Standing in opposition was a "moderate Enlightenment" which he sees as profoundly weakened by its belief in God. In Israel’s highly controversial interpretation, the radical Enlightenment is the main source of the modern idea of freedom. He contends that the moderate Enlightenment, including Locke, Voltaire, Montesquieu, and Rousseau, made no real contribution to the campaign against superstition and ignorance.
Amazing work. This one has a lot of research behind it and it shows, Israel is clearly one of the main experts in the Dutch Republic. The book itself covers an unusual time span, from the pre-truce negotiations to the consequences of the treaty of Munster in both the Netherlands and Spain.