Although Hannah Arendt is considered one of the major contributors to social and political thought in the twentieth century, this is the first general anthology of her writings. This volume includes selections from her major works, including The Origins of Totalitarianism, Between Past and Future, Men in Dark Times, The Jew as Pariah, and The Human Condition, as well as many shorter writings and letters. Sections include extracts from her work on fascism, Marxism, and totalitarianism; her treatment of work and labour; her writings on politics and ethics; and a section on truth and the role of the intellectual.
Hannah Arendt (1906 – 1975) was one of the most influential political philosophers of the twentieth century. Born into a German-Jewish family, she was forced to leave Germany in 1933 and lived in Paris for the next eight years, working for a number of Jewish refugee organisations. In 1941 she immigrated to the United States and soon became part of a lively intellectual circle in New York. She held a number of academic positions at various American universities until her death in 1975. She is best known for two works that had a major impact both within and outside the academic community. The first, The Origins of Totalitarianism, published in 1951, was a study of the Nazi and Stalinist regimes that generated a wide-ranging debate on the nature and historical antecedents of the totalitarian phenomenon. The second, The Human Condition, published in 1958, was an original philosophical study that investigated the fundamental categories of the vita activa (labor, work, action). In addition to these two important works, Arendt published a number of influential essays on topics such as the nature of revolution, freedom, authority, tradition and the modern age. At the time of her death in 1975, she had completed the first two volumes of her last major philosophical work, The Life of the Mind, which examined the three fundamental faculties of the vita contemplativa (thinking, willing, judging).
This volume is a very helpful introduction to the thought and writings of a remarkable and original political philosopher. Her firsthand knowledge of Germany in the 1920's and 1930's, as well as European and US culture in the 30's, 40's, 50's and later, her roots as an assimilated Jew in German and broader European culture, her knowledge, independence, originality, intelligence, and candor give her writing a freshness and relevance 50 years after these pieces were written. What went on in Germany leading to the Third Reich? After the first World War, what did socialists in Germany, eastern Europe and Russia care about, what did they try to do, and how did it turn out? Names like Rosa Luxemburg and Adolf Eichmann rise from the pages as real people; she lived in their world, knew the air they breathed. And especially, what are we to make of it now, after the gigantic human catastrophes brought about by the Nazis and the Communists? Her thought eludes simple answers, offers perspectives and reflections and convincing insights that could not fit in a sound bite or on a bumper sticker. She makes you think.
i can't say enough good things about the way arendt writes about our modern times and conditions. i think she's razor sharp. this is the kind of book i get in trouble with the library over. i should probably buy it. in the meantime, special shoutout to the "labor, work, action" essay. here's a quote to give you an idea: 'Action, the only activity that goes on directly between men...corresponds to the human condition of plurality, to the fact that men, not Man, live on the earth and inhabit the world. While all aspects of the human condition are somehow related to politics, this plurality is specifically the condition - not only the conditio sine qua non, but the conditio per quam - of all political life' .
No matter how hard I tried, I only got half way through the book and thought to myself that there is so much more reading out there to be doing that I'll actually enjoy.
I found myself lost and unsure as to what she was trying to argue or even say. (Talk about having an unclear thesis...) Perhaps I feel this way because the book is a fragmented collection of her writing across many years and subjects. It often felt like she was in the thick of her argument or the current selection was on a tangent from her original argument. The way she writes isn't accessible to everyone nor is it easy. I found it convoluted. (although I'm sure I'm finding it convoluted because I just don't understand what she's saying)
There are some really good parts of the books however. Although I disagree with her stance on desegregation, Little Rock's Social Question, her reflection on desegregation in the US, was really interesting. Her stance on human rights and how it can be enforced is interesting as well. Her interviews and some letters were easier to read and I found some quite interesting.
There is a lot of good stuff in this book, but honestly, I just couldn't be bothered sitting through it. Anyhow, perhaps I'll give myself a few years and I'll return to it then. I definitely want to understand why so many people love her.
As such collections encourage, I skimmed and skipped from selection to selection, spending the most time here with introductory material, letters and excerpts, and the material from Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil. That material was and remains shocking, and unlike the reactionary caricatures of Arendt's vision of Eichmann's role and significance, I find Arendt always lucid and utterly precise. Her "crime," if that is the word, is her cool and razor-sharp style. At the same time, she is no calloused rag and bone picker through historical dustbins and archives: Arendt's brows feel arched even as she writes of laughter, tense and knotted when she writes of pain, yet never stooped with misery or vacuous with the false fires of sentimentalism. Still keen to see the human amid the symbols and understand the role –– and aspiration –– of law in a transforming international context.
I purchased this online thinking that it was an anthology of Arendt's works. I discovered to my surprise that it is an extensively expurgated version of her major pieces. Arendt is challenging though that it is hard to work from fragmentary texts. I will ultimately have to go to the originals. My rating should apply to the editorial work that was done in this piece, rather than to Arendt's works in general. On the positive side, I found the editor's introduction to be cleverly written and magisterial in its command of the totality of Arendt's body of work.
Hannah Arendt lived a pretty colorful life: born in Germany, she studied under (and had a tumultuous affair with) Heidegger, participated in leftist resistance movements against the Nazi regime, and eventually moved to Chicago to teach alongside Leo Strauss & other eminent emigres. While her main focus was almost always political philosophy, her approach was in equal parts historical & metaphysical: Origins Of Totalitarianism is basically an history book studying eclectic epochs which prefigured the Nazi & Soviet regimes, whereas Between Past And Future is a conceptual meta-history in the vein of Spengler’s Decline Of The West, or Strauss’ City And Man.
I approached Arendt with a degree of skepticism, nervous that her over-weening interest in abstract history, or her tendency for provocative analyses of topical events, might prove a superficial or dilettantish approach, but instead found that she had invented her own complete & extremely coherent paradigm for political philosophy & history as a whole, one perhaps more profound than that of any other comparable writer.
Arendt’s interpretation of politics, as illustrated in The Human Condition, begins with a fundamental distinction between the Political, the Social, and the Private: the Political covers matters of the state & the dialogues that sustain it; the Social covers the basic associations between individuals, including not only groups & clubs, but also economics & other forms of basic human institution; the Private covers the blend of personal, amicable, romantic, etc, relations that occupy all the rest of our lives. Arendt’s main thesis is that these three were clearly separated in antiquity: for example, in the Roman Republic or Athenian Demos, governmental regulation of commerce (ie, the Social) would have been unthinkable; in those societies, the Political was oriented towards large, existential affairs (such as war or major cultural norms), and individuals were motivated to political behavior by a desire for fame & greatness.
With the advent of Christianity, which proclaimed that greatness was essentially Private in the form of spiritual salvation, strong interest in the Political waned; this had the result of encouraging the Political & the Social to converge, as individuals became more interested in their Private salvation than in the Political excellence sought by Solon or Socrates. Arendt observes that the American Revolution, with its limited government & political federalism, maintained this waning distinction between the Political & the Social, such that the Political remains locally democratic & rights-oriented; she contrasts this with the French Revolution, which rapidly devolved into a fixation on Social equality vis a vis the Political, entailing massive governmental management & redistribution of institutions & commodities. This French-style “equality” has subsequently become a major trend in the Political, against which Arendt praises the American Founding Fathers for preserving this classical distinction, to the extent that she recommended every nation on earth adopt the United States Constitution.
The reason Arendt is so keen on this is her deep concern with Totalitarianism: her analysis of Nazi Germany & Bolshevik Russia concludes that the defining character of this ideology is the complete domination of the Political over the Social (through state corporatism, as well as the harnessing of economic growth to power territorial expansionism), as well as over the Private (the state begins to regulate every aspect of human life, down to individual self-conception). Arendt has a very pessimistic & almost fatalistic diagnosis of these regimes, feeling that opposition against them is frequently inept, or else goads states into totalitarian tendencies themselves: efforts like the Geneva Convention or the Declaration Of Human Rights substitute abstract & difficult-to-enforce claims in place of concrete Political rights & protections, while the tendency to blame Luther or Hegel or an abstract German “national character” for creating the Nazis in fact reinforces a similar race-centric weltanschauung, as was posited by the Nazis; this is to say nothing of the lasting increase of state power seized under wartime by the Allied Forces.
Arendt’s final solution for such pernicious ideologies resembles libertarianism, where the government functions as a kind of minimalist state to enforce basic laws & avoid all intrusion into the Social, which is to be litigated in the form of town-hall debates & local elections. For her, any larger government would create dangerous overlap between Political society & other institutions (such as business or schools), forever liable to corruption by charismatic politicians, bigotry, or malicious expansionism; this danger is inherent to any link between the Political & the Social, and cannot be merely attributed to bad actors or unusual circumstances.
Unlike many other political philosophers, Arendt refused to contradict or “emend” her theories to endorse unaccountable yet popular developments in contemporary politics. When the Eisenhower administration began forced racial integration in public schools, she denounced the act as an intrusion of the federal government on local affairs, feeling rather that school integration (& indeed other forms of private-sector segregation) should be determined solely by the affected communities themselves; in her view, the government was only responsible for avoiding capture by segregationist forces on a strictly legal level (ie, that Social decisions to segregate not be legally enshrined), such as prohibitions on miscegenation or inter-racial marriage. She doubled down on this in a debate with Franz Fanon, where she denied that most racism in America was strictly Political (in the sense of Nazi bigotry) but rather incidental & not meritorious of extreme political, or revolutionary, intervention.
Similarly, when the Israelis captured Eichmann, she did not object to his execution (the technical legal obscurity of which, however, seems to have confirmed her conceptual skepticism towards international law), but did object to characterizations of the captured Nazi as malicious. For her, Eichmann is an example of the absolute cruelty that totalitarian environments can effortlessly inculcate in an otherwise bumbling individual. This famous Banality Of Evil is subject to some factual critique (she has no persuasive counterargument to Eichmann’s opprobrious “I will jump laughing into my grave with five million dead Jews on my conscience”), but her fixation on the deeper problem remains pertinent: how should society reckon with the possibility that genocide & cruelty can become mundane, daily, effortless occurrences? For Arendt, the solution can only be a radical separation of the state from most powers, rather than incidental prosecution against any particular trend.
In reading Arendt’s work, one can be swept away a little too easily by her terminology, which is more speculative than precise. The Social & the Political are too ambiguous to sustain rigorous application in many cases, and should rather be understood as an hypothetical distinction to illustrate the dangerous tendencies of Marxism or liberal bureaucracy. Similarly, her essential analysis of totalitarianism (Expansionism, Bigotry, Total Control) aren’t sufficient to analyze either Hitler’s Germany or Stalin’s Russia, and indeed are vague enough that they could be applied to nearly every nation or regime on earth; indeed, a literalist reading of Arendt could exaggerate her position almost to anarchism, where governmental power is so limited as to functionally cease existing altogether (a line of thought that would have to involve considerations over Anarcho-Capitalist & other crypto-socialist ideologies which were clearly not her intention).
This is all the more perplexing when one surveys the reception of Arendt over the recent years, where she has been taken as a Goddess by obtuse left-of-center enthusiasts. The number of undiscerning citations of her work, by those looking to decry opponents as fascist or to produce platitudes about social issues, suggests that many of her supposed acolytes have read her so hastily (if at all) that they merely presume that her antifascism is identical in character to their own. It is true enough, of course, that by Arendtian standards nearly all centrist & right-leaning parties are fascistic in tendency, but no more so (indeed often less so) than the reformist & equity-driven governments envisioned by liberal technocrats & verbose progressives. It is not clear if there are any major trends or actors in the present-day United States that would relieve Arendt’s concerns about the totalitarian tendency inherent to centralized power.
In all events, I highly recommend carefully, frequently & deeply reading Hannah Arendt, whether the Penguin “Hannah Arendt Reader”, which I read for this article, or any of her splendid books: Origins of Totalitarianism, The Human Condition, Between Past And Future, On Revolution. In reading her, as with anyone, it’s important to consider the concrete political events contemporary to her writings, so as to avoid allowing the vagueness of her terminology to lead you away with faulty conclusions about her actual positions.
I bought this book after Trump wad elected and it's taken all this time to get through it. It isn't a light read and some background in philosophy is indicated. That said, some of the essays are so salient to contemporary politics that it's worth the effort. Arendt's thoughts on the banality of evil, on truth, and on public life are enduringly important. I can't say I always agree or that I'm always fully oriented while reading (the text demands, for instance, knowledge of Ancient Greek philosophy vocab as well as the odd bit of untranslated German - ouch), but I'm glad I took up the challenge of slowly making my way through it.
I recently finished The Portable Hannah Arendt, and I can honestly say it is one of the most intellectually demanding — and rewarding — books I’ve read in a long time. This is not a book you simply read; it’s one you wrestle with. As a collection of essential writings by Hannah Arendt, it offers a sweeping view of her political and philosophical thought. Because it gathers selections from multiple major works rather than presenting a single continuous argument, it requires patience and focus. But for me, that structure actually deepened the experience. I felt like I was walking through the evolution of her thinking, piece by piece. The excerpts from The Origins of Totalitarianism were particularly striking. Reading them today feels unsettling in the best possible way. Arendt’s analysis of how totalitarian systems emerge is chillingly relevant, and I found myself constantly drawing parallels to contemporary political realities. Her clarity is sharp, almost surgical — she exposes mechanisms of power without sensationalism. The sections from Eichmann in Jerusalem left a profound emotional impact on me. The idea of the “banality of evil” is deeply uncomfortable, yet incredibly important. As a reader, and as a woman reflecting on moral responsibility in modern society, I felt challenged to reconsider simplistic narratives about good and evil. Arendt forces us to confront the possibility that evil can arise not from monstrous intent, but from thoughtlessness and conformity. That realization stayed with me long after I closed the book. I was equally captivated by the ideas drawn from The Human Condition. Her distinctions between labor, work, and action reshaped the way I think about public life and personal agency. It made me reflect on how we participate in society — and whether we are truly acting, or merely functioning. I won’t pretend this was an easy read. There were moments when I had to reread entire paragraphs, even entire pages. The prose is dense, rigorous, and unapologetically intellectual. But I never found it empty or unnecessarily obscure. Instead, I experienced it as demanding in the most respectful way — as if Arendt expected her readers to think seriously alongside her. I give this book five stars not because it is effortless, but because it is transformative. It challenged me, unsettled me, and expanded my perspective. Finishing it felt less like completing a book and more like completing a long, meaningful conversation. If you’re looking for light reading, this isn’t it. But if you’re willing to slow down, reflect deeply, and engage with ideas that still resonate powerfully today, I wholeheartedly recommend it. For me, it was not just a reading experience — it was a personal and intellectual journey
The essays about political theory in this volume of Hannah Arendt’s writings are thought provoking. As a European Jew who survived World War II, Arendt has a lot to say about Nazi Germany and about totalitarianism, but also more generally about political interaction. Her subdivision of the experiences of our lives into the private, in which we gather the basic necessities to live, social, in which we experience discrimination, and political, where equality dominates, and how these categories have changed since the time of the Greeks and Romans is a unique perspective from which to view civilization. Her ideas about the meaning of freedom are refreshingly relevant, for example, consider freedom to act vs freedom from want. For me, the most fascinating and readable group of essays was on the trial of the low level Nazi official, Adolf Eichmann in Israel in 1961. From her first-hand experience covering the trial, Arendt uses Eichmann’s character as a starting point to illuminate her thoughts about many political aspects of Nazi Germany, including the support of the German public for Hitler, the self-interested motivations of the group of assassins who attempted to kill Hitler, even the contributions of Jewish leaders to the demise of their own people in the Holocaust. Two other highly relevant essays are “What is Authority?” and especially, in our time of fake news and the internet, the last essay, “Truth and Politics.” Her comments on how facts can be unwelcome, and rational and factual truth vs. opinion are exceptional. Two quotes from this essay that I had to write down are “…the very quality of an opinion, as of a judgment, depends upon the degree of its impartiality. “ “Truth carries within itself an element of coercion…”
This book is worth if for the excerpts from Eichmann in Jerusalem alone. She reminds me of Sontag in her ability to talk about the unspeakable in a way that does not rob the victims of their agency and humanity. In contrast, her depiction of the SS elite as these ambivalent, BORING shmucks who never really stood for anything is as biting as it is accurate. In her own words, "The sad truth is that most evil is done by people who never make up their minds to be good or evil"
Favorite short excerpt is "What Remains, the Language Remains".
It's possible that I'd appreciate the original works more, but honestly the reason I stopped reading was because of the racist attitudes she slides in about other cultures. I'd rather read someone whose work broadens and unlocks freedoms for all people.
I will say that there were some great insights in between the stuff that rubbed me the wrong way. So, I still took away good things, but I want to give my time to someone who is more intersectional.
Let us return to Arendt in this age of Trump! Arendt’s account of the trial of Adolf Eichmann gave us the indelible phrase and much-misunderstood notion of “the banality of evil.” A journalist-philosopher, Arendt suggests that the very worst deeds are not perpetrated by monsters but by ordinary people motivated by conformity and self-interest.
ONLY PARTLY READ: I have completed sections: 1 (Overview: What Remains) 2 (Stateless Persons) 5 (Banality and Conscience) - so engaging I might do the full Eichmann book. And am about midway through section 6.
Recording this for future reference so I don't repeat stuff.
Hard work to read, but necessary. Keep a pen on hand for underlining all the prescient observations that apply to our own time. Makes you feel, once youre done, like you had a Spock-style mind-meld with one of the greatest intellects of all time.
Contains the jewel of her reporting on the Eichmann trial. Did the Nazi regime work some magic on him? Was he pre-disposed to toe the line, regardless of what was being done? Was he aware of what was to become of the Jews who he arranged to ship to the camps? Wasn’t the fact that the names for shipping were chosen by the Jewish community enough? (This creepy, thought-provoking fact alone was worth the entire book.) For the answers to these and other pressing questions, read the book. Also contains other insightful essays on history and authority by Arendt, who clearly knew a whole hell of a lot more intellectual history than pretty much any talking head in today’s tottering Republic.