An updated edition of this classic study of travelling in the middle ages, demonstrating that our ancestors moved about far more than one might expect.
How did people travel in the middle ages? Evidence shows that despite all the likely deterrents - danger from man and beast, uncertainty of lodging and food, even the basic matter of finding the way -our medieval ancestors moved about far more than we might expect. They set out even on major journeys with a confidence which argues the existence of a network of major routes and minor tracks, the arteries by which new ideas entered Europe's fast-changing the knowledge brought back by travellers played an important part in the development of the medieval world. Norbert Ohler lets the travellers speak for themselves, and from the many sources builds up a picture of what travel was really like.
A rich source of information about an era that is often opaque to modern readers. The author not only gives social, economic, and religious details about the era, but he breathes life into the lives of the people of the period. There is so much fascinating information to be had here that reading this book felt like the equivalent of a semester's worth of information in college. In addition to all the juicy descriptions, the numerous photos, and facsimiles of art and places help readers enter into the mysterious world of Medieval Europe.
The first part of the book deals with broad topics such as draught animals or sea travel and the second half recounts several accounts from individuals and their travels, most notable Marco Polo. The second section strays from the general topic of travel more often than it should and hence is less valuable than the first part (the escapades of certain promiscuous travelers in particular was not helpful) but still contained many interesting details.
In short, this book is a wealth of information for anyone who wants to walk a mile (and then some) in medieval shoes.
Dieses Werk von 1986 gilt nach wie vor als Goldstandard über das Reisen im Mittelalter, zumindest was ein Werk an der Grenze zwischen Historiographie und Populärwissenschaft angeht. Ich habe Auszüge davon immer mal im Laufe meines Grundstudiums Geschichte am Wickel gehabt, da es Teil des Grundlagenseminars über Mittelaltergeschichte an meiner alma mater war.
Das Buch ist auch nach fast 40 Jahren noch gut lesbar, sehr konzise in seinen Zusammenfassungen, dabei aber nicht langatmig oder zu statistisch. Es ist m.E. ein klassisches Einstiegswerk in die Thematik, und als solches auch mit Gewinn zu lesen.
Ohler beginnt mit den natürlichen und klimatischen Grundlagen: Er beschreibt Gezeiten, Meeresströmungen, Jahreszeiten sowie die Bedeutung von Raumgliederung und Topografie für Land- und Seeverkehr.
Im ersten Teil erläutert er Transportmittel (Reit-, Zug- und Lasttiere; Schiffe, Wagen, Sänften), die Organisation von Infrastruktur (Straßen, Brücken, Fähren, Hospize) und die Rolle von Recht und Herrschaft bei der Gewährleistung von Sicherheit und Wegenutzung. Gastfreundschaft und Herbergen (Klöster, Xenodochien, städtische Gasthäuser) sowie das Nachrichtensystem (Botenwesen, Handelsnetzwerke) bilden weitere Schwerpunkte.
Der zweite Teil widmet sich zeithistorischen Fallstudien und Quellen: Missionsreisen des Bonifatius, Das Reisekönigtum Karls des Großen, Päpste und wandernde Bischöfe, die Nordmänner (Wikinger) und die christliche Mission im Frühmittelalter. Auch Kreuzfahrer, Pilger und Handelsleut zu Wort, bis hin zu Reisenden wie Marco Polo, Battuta und Kolumbus, die den Blick über Europa hinaus erweiterten.
Ohler betont, dass trotz großer Mühen und Gefahren jährlich Tausende unterwegs waren – vom einfachen Pilger bis zum mobilen Königshof. Er zeigt, wie Reisen das Weltbild erweiterte und kulturelle wie wirtschaftliche Vernetzungen förderte. Oder Vorurteile auch schüren konnte.
Insgesamt bleibt es ein lesenswertes Einstiegswerk.
I liked this book way more than I thought I would. I thought it would feel heavy and too factual but it was very enjoyable and surprisingly easy to read! Even though it took me a while to get through it wasn't because of the book itself. I really liked the way it was written and the mix between facts and retellings from medieval manuscripts. The book actually made me laugh several times because some old stories are just so strange and too funny in a modern context. It was also way more beautiful and "deep" than I had expected towards the end when reflecting upon how medieval travellers (and travellers through all times) have helped unite Europe and combat preconceptions and prejudices. I'm glad that I picked this book and I feel like I've learned a lot of relevant things!
An interesting discussion of travel during an extended period, which is to some extent flawed because the author is rather cavalier about the use of terms, including "Mediaeval", which seems to cover more or less everything between Constantine and Durer. Some of the assertions are thus rather sweeping, though in places he is much more specific: his discussion of Scandinavian seafaring, for example, is pretty much restricted to he period of the Viking raids.
There are some assumptions about the possibility of travel for everybody - he seems to think it was available to the poor as to the rich, despite the dominant social institution of feudalism for much of the period. He also, possibly because of his desire to demonstrate travel as a unifying force, touches lightly on the importance of the Crusades and barely at all on other endemic wars, from the Hundred Years War to the Free Companies and the steady Ottoman occupation of much of south-eastern Europe.
It is refreshing to read material without the common Anglocentricity of much I have come across for the general reader, dealing with Boniface and Bernward as well as Charlemagne. However, the patchiness of handling of this material does lead to considerable unevenness, and one might have liked a slightly more explicit caveat on reliance on hagiographies and lay Lives which clearly have purposes other than recounting travellers' tales. In places we are warned, yet in others we are invited to accept unquestioningly.
This is a book for the "general", not the academic reader, but even so the complete absence of references, citations, bibliography and even an index is somewhat irritating. The book was first published 30 years ago, and in some of its assumptions about Christianity, Islam and travel it rather shows - it did not feel so at the time, but in the light of history Ohler's views and his period seem simpler and more trusting.
People have always travelled and the Middle Ages were no exception. Kings progressed through their realms, not keeping a fixed capital city. Merchants brought goods from the east. Cities grew through immigration. Pilgrimages and Crusades took nobles and peasants alike to new lands.
The author carefully describes weather conditions, routes of travel, roads, river crossings, pack animals and wagons. He shows how the religious culture affected travel, especially hospitality at monasteries. The final third of the book describes specific travelers and their journeys including Boniface and Charlemagne and many others less well known.
The book meets its goal of introducing the reader to medieval travel and it is also a good introduction to many practical aspects of life in this time period.
The Medieval Traveller is written for the general reader. Thus it is missing footnotes and bibliography but it is filled with specific references to names, dates and places that the interested reader can research on his own.
Sehr schöner Überblick, über das weit gefächerte Thema "Reisen im Mittelalter".
Und genau da liegt das Problem. Das Buch könnte doppelt so dick sein, und manche Details nur an der Oberfläche ankratzen. Aber es ist ein guter Einstieg in das Thema und gibt Hinweise auf weitere Sekundärliterur und natürlich auch sehr interessante Primärquellen.