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Good Arabs: The Israeli Security Agencies and the Israeli Arabs, 1948–1967

Based on his reading of top-secret files of the Israeli police and the prime minister's office, Hillel Cohen exposes the full extent of the crucial, and, until now, willfully hidden history of Palestinian collaboration with Israelis―and of the Arab resistance to it. Cohen's previous book, the highly acclaimed Army of Shadows, told how this hidden history played out from 1917 to 1948, and now, in Good Arabs he focuses on the system of collaborators established by Israel in each and every Arab community after the 1948 war. Covering a broad spectrum of attitudes and behaviors, Cohen brings together the stories of activists, mukhtars, collaborators, teachers, and sheikhs, telling how Israeli security agencies penetrated Arab communities, how they obtained collaboration, how national activists fought them, and how deeply this activity influenced daily life. When this book was first published in Hebrew, it became a bestseller and has evoked bitter memories and intense discussions among Palestinians in Israel and prompted the reclassification of many of the hundreds of documents Cohen viewed to uncover a story that continues to unfold to this day.

296 pages, Paperback

First published December 5, 2009

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About the author

Hillel Cohen

10 books20 followers
Hillel Cohen-Bar (Hebrew: [הלל כהן|21024156]) is an Israeli scholar who studies and writes about Jewish-Arab relations in Palestine/Israel. He is an associated professor at the Department of Islam and Middle East Studies at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and the head of the Cherrick Center for the Study of Zionism and the State of Israel at that university.

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Profile Image for Ahmad Dabour.
23 reviews16 followers
January 7, 2013
كتاب "عرفيم طوفيم" (عرب صالحون) للكاتب والمؤرخ هيلل كوهين هو الكتاب الثاني بعد كتابه "جُند الظلال" الذي كشف فيه عن الابواب التي ادت الى امتلاك المنظمات اليهودية بمختلف تسمياتها لأرض فلسطين في الفترة الممتدة ما بين 1917 – 1947، وذكر من بين ما ذكر الذين باعوا ارض فلسطين بالاسم وبالموقع وبالمساحة، بعضهم من غير الفلسطينيين كآل سرسك وآل تويني واحفاد المجاهد الكبير الامير عبد القادر الجزائري وغيرهم، وبعضهم الآخر من سكان البلاد الاصليين كنصر الله خوري من حيفا وعائلة شنطي من قلقيلية وعائلة ابو كشك من منطقة يافا ورئيس بلدية يافا عمر البيطار واخيه وعائلة حانون من طولكرم - ص34. وغيرهم كثيرون من ابناء العائلات الكبيرة، اسما وملكا، الذين باعوا مئات الالوف من الدونمات.
وفي كتابه الثاني يتناول المناخ الذي ساد قبل حرب 1948 وخلاله وبعده وكيف بسطت السلطة يدها المتمثلة بالحكم العسكري وجهاز المخابرات والشرطة على الوسط العربي وكيفية تنافسهم على تجنيد العملاء لنقل الاخبار وبيع ما تبقى من الارض مستغلين لقمة العيش وحب التزعم والسيطرة والمكايدة والظهور مرورا برخصة بناء او بندقية صيد او سيارة ووصولا الى الدراسة في المعاهد العليا او الى كرسي الكنيست.
اختار الكاتب عنوانا لكتابه ذلك الاصطلاح الذي استعملته السلطة في وصف الذين يسيرون على دربها "مواطنون صالحون" ولما كان هؤلاء المواطنون عربا سمى كتابه "عرب صالحون"، وقد يكون دافعه السخرية من تلك السياسة العسكرية التي قبضت على زمام تحريك دفة امور المواطنين العرب نظرا لما حصدته من نجاحات او فشل او السخرية من اولئك العملاء الذين باعوا نفوسهم بدون ثمن.
الكتاب من سبعة فصول يتناول الفصل الاول الذين تعاونوا مع القوات اليهودية قبل قيام الدولة واستمروا بعد قيامها، فيعطي لمحة عن كل متعاون، يذكرهم بالاسم احيانا وبالتلميح احيانا ويستعرض دوافعهم واساليب السلطة في اصطيادهم وتجنيدهم.
في الفصل الثاني يستعرض موقف الحزب الشيوعي كقوة وحيدة وقفت لهذه الاجهزة بالمرصاد يدافع عما تبقى من سكان وارض متحديا ومعريّا سياسة الحكم العسكري واجهزة المخابرات ومع ذلك يذكر ايضا تأييد الحزب لقيام الدولة، غير ان ذلك لم يقلل من دور الحزب كمظلة ظلت تحمي ابناء هذا الشعب الباقين في بيوتهم.
في الفصل الثالث يتطرق الكاتب الى الذين قادهم حنينهم الى مصاطب بيوتهم ومساقط رؤوسهم والى احبتهم فصاروا يتسللون عائدين تحت جنح الظلام وكيف ان بعض الزعماء اخذوا يضغطون على الحكم العسكري والشرطة للتصدّي لهم ومنعهم من العودة، وكيف ان هذه الاجهزة جندت العملاء لاصطيادهم والابلاغ عنهم والقبض عليهم.
وفي الفصل الرابع يستعرض الكاتب تسخير السلطة للسمسرة على الارض لتستكمل نهب الارض من اصحابها حتى وان كانوا سماسرة وعملاء. وفي الفصل الخامس يتناول الطرق التي استعملتها هذه الاجهزة لاجبار العرب المنكوبين بالتخلي عن ادراكهم ووعيهم القومي وتبني شعارات ورموز تؤيد وتمجد السلطة وكيف جندت هذه الاجهزة جهاز التعليم العربي بدءا بالكتاب فالتلميذ والمعلم والمدير لشطب هذا الوعي القومي.
وفي الفصل السادس يفضح الكاتب الكذبة الكبرى التي اسمها "حلف الدم" وكيفية ميلادها غير الشرعي وحبك وتنفيذ المؤامرة الكبرى على ابناء الطائفة العربية الدرزية وتجنيدهم بقانون اجباري ثقيل على ضمائرهم وعلى صدورهم، وكيف ان قلة من المتعاونين تآمرت مع بعضها، وعلى بعضها، غلبت كثرة من المعارضين للتجنيد الاجباري ويورد لنا حادثتين لخروج الشرطة في مهمة لالقاء القبض على رافضي الخدمة في دالية الكرمل وعسفيا فحوصرت وعادت دون تحقيق اهدافها - ص 190.
وفي اماكن اخرى من فصول الكتاب لا يتوانى الكاتب عن الكشف عن التهافت على التجنيد منذ سنة 1949 لدى الطوائف العربية الاخرى، ففي سنة 1949 طلب اربعون شابا من الطيبة التجنيد، وفي اوائل الخمسينيات تجند ثلاثون شابا من عائلة مسيحية من عيلبون وباركهم سيادة المطران حكيم، وذلك رغم ان ابواب التجنيد كانت شبه مقفلة، واليوم حين فتحت هذه الابواب فهناك المئات من الشبان العرب من غير الدروز يخدمون في صفوف اجهزة الامن.
لا اقول ذلك تبريرا للتجنيد الاجباري. فهو قانون ثقيل على الضمير وعلى النفس لاسباب قومية اولا وثانيا وثالثا وضميرية رابعا. ويختم الكاتب فصول كتابه بتشبيه اجهزة السلطة المتسلطة واللجان القطرية واللوائية لشؤون العرب بالاخ الاكبر، حيث تتحكم في تسيير امور المجتمع العربي وبتحريك خيوط اللعبة السياسية والدينية والاجتماعية لذلك المجتمع.
وينهي الكتاب بمجمل الفصول السبعة وبملاحظات ومصادر بيبلوغرافية وفهرس اسماء. الكتاب يعرض وقائع عشناها وعايشناها على جلودنا ولقمة عيشنا ووجودنا، كشفها الكاتب بعد انقضاء "سنين العدة" ان صح التعبير حين فتحت ادراج السلطة وارشيفها امامه وان كان قد بالغ في اشياء كايحائه للقارئ بان العملاء كانوا من القوة حيث لم ينقصهم الا ان يفتحوا مكاتب علنية او يضعوا اللافتات وبالخطوط العريضة، في حين انهم كانوا من الضعف يتحركون كابناء الليل تحت جنح الظلام خوفا من افتضاح امرهم حتى انه اطلق عليهم "اذناب".
خلال قراءتي للكتاب طاردتني صرخة بين السطر والآخر، ان السلطة لن تقيم تماثيل للعملاء ولن تشيّد لهم النصب التذكارية وحتى لن تحترمهم، وخير مثال على ذلك السمسار الذي اجّرته السلطة ارض قرية كاملة ومنعته عن ارضه – ص124، وذلك الذي سلّم قريته بكاملها سنة 1948 ثم طرد من بيته، وذلك الجندي الذي خدم في الجيش في الخمسينيات واشترك في حرب 1956 وحين اراد ان يضع نيشان الحرب على صدره منعوه، وحين وضعه بدون اذن اوقفته الشرطة بتهمة انتحال زي عسكري- ص186. وعضو الكنيست الذي لم تشفع له او لابنائه عمالته قبل قيام الدولة وبعدها وحتى تصويته ضد الغاء الحكم العسكري.
ومما يحسب للكاتب، مع حياديته ونقله للحقائق، انتقاده واستهزاؤه بالاجهزة الثلاثة، وقد ظهر ذلك واضحا في تسمية الكتاب لما فيها من سخرية بالعملاء ورائحة للنقد والاستهزاء بالسلطة كما يظهر ذلك في كثير من صفحات الكتاب.
Profile Image for Steve Cran.
972 reviews105 followers
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July 28, 2011
Hillell Cohen has written a fascinating follow up to his previous book "Army of Shadows". This book documents how Israel used collaborators with in Palestinian society in order to control the Palestinians living under their rule.

Palestinian collaborators would spy on their neighbor's political activity, potential armed resistance and another families acceptance of cross border infiltrator. In return the collaborator might receive monetary rewards eased travel restrictions, the right to carry a weapon, or some benefit towards other family members.

Israeli penetration into Palestinian society was deep. Often times Mayors, and other political leaders were supported by the Israeli government in order to make the

Palestinians have an attitude that was more favorable to the state. This included setting up Arab parties that toed the Zionist line. Opposition in the form of Palestinian Nationalist parties was forbidden. The communist party was allowed because they were an Arab -Jewish party and supported Israel's right exist. But the communists did not have an easy time of it. Often times their rallies would be banned due to lack of permits. Leaders would get arrested or exiled from their communities.

Collaborators also assisted the Israeli government in another way with regards to cross border infiltrators. It was Palestinians who would report them to the Israeli authorities in exchange for some reward. Infiltrator were usually Palestinian refugees just trying to return to their homes. Once the Israeli security apparatus caught them often times they would be deported to Jordan . Infiltrator were also smugglers and terrorists. Smugglers were caught with the help of collaborating Palestinians who often reported them and sometimes it was Palestinians who infiltrated the smuggling ring and lead the smugglers right to Israeli Law enforcement. The same tactic was also used with terrorist infiltrators.

With thee use of collaborators the Israeli government was able to control the Palestinian people living in their border. It was not smooth though. Many Palestinian were angered over land expropriations and the loss of income it entailed. Many Palestinians were also angry with thee collaborators and sometimes this lead to verbal and physical altercation.

A result of this collaboration forced the Palestinians to censure themselves with regards to Palestinian history and in their view the Nakba of 1948. This censorship often extended in to wedding songs, the Palestinian education infrastructure and conversation in the home .

This book is one of the first books to use declassified documents to show the extent the Israeli authorities used collaborator to control their Palestinian inhabitants.





482 reviews34 followers
August 6, 2018
The Development of Israeli Society

A continuation of his Army of Shadows: Palestinian Collaboration with Zionism 1917-1948 which I still consider a better and more interesting book. Hillel Cohen takes a look at the relationship between the new Israeli government and its Arab citizens starting a couple of years after Independence in 1948 and roughly up to 1968 but focusing mostly on the 1950's and very early 60s.

Cohen presents a multi-toned image of Arab and Jewish interactions. Obviously concerned with security the GSS (General Security Services) built up a network of contacts and informers with the Arab community to gauge their mood and to take action where deemed necessary. This book contains numerous anecdotes and incidents in order to put together a picture of how things evolved.

There were definite teething pains as new Israeli State had difficulty defining its political and social stance in most areas, which is to be expected. Different agencies of the State had different interests. Whereas the concern of the GSS was state security and was concerned about infiltration and dissent that could lead to violent confrontation, the local police would also cover the same incidents and consider it to be a civil matter. About 20,000 Arabs successfully infiltrated themselves into Israel, mostly rejoining family who had remained, risking their lives bypassing border security. The State was also interested in building a sense of patriotic duty and obligation in all it's citizens, including Arabs, and tended to reward and offer incentives to those who supported it's point of view. One surprising tool for rewarding individuals was granting them permission to own guns! An acknowledgment of Arab traditions was the establishment of a separate Arab language school system, albeit teachers were vetted as to their sympathy towards the new State.

The main rivals for the political affections of the Arab population were the Communists, who garnered up to 20% of the vote (yes, Arabs in Israel voted from the establishment of the State) and, less significantly, the pan-Arab nationalists, the latter being represented as support for President Gamal Abdel Nasser, the preceived strong horse of the Arab world in that day. Whereas the Communists supported the idea of the State the Nasserites looked at it being wiped away sometimes using extremely violent language such as expressing a desire that the Israeli Jews be killed off. Balancing that you had many individuals who sought to build a positive relationship with the State as well as others who, within the framework of civil society, worked for improvements in minority rights.

Chapter 6, "Minorities within a Minority", was perhaps the most interesting as it looked at the how the Druze were viewed as a Muslim subgroup different from the Arabs, particularly as they had been more supportive of the Jewish population prior to the establishment of the State. Similar treatment was given to the much smaller Bedouin and Circassian minorities, though the coverage here was less extensive.

The book did have some weaknesses. One, quite minor, is that the frequently used acronym KKL (Karen Kayemet L'Yisrael otherwise known as the Jewish National Fund), while explained on pp17 does not appear in the glossary at the back. For younger readers Cohen should have mentioned that surveillance and suspicion of communists was common in that era in most Westernized countries - there was nothing special about Israel in that regard. Nor was there much difference between the Israeli concern that the education system be used to bring up patriotic citizenry and that of other countries. And though there was some coverage of differences between Christian and Muslim perspectives I think Cohen could have done more in this regard. Another problem is that the timeline jumps quite frequently - making it difficult to keep track of which events occurred around the same time. However given that we are looking at unconnected anecdotes this is not as bad as it sounds.

Finally the concluding chapter did an able job of revisiting and summarizing the preceding material while tying up a couple of loose ends. Kudos also to the fine job done by Mr. Cohen's translator, Haim Watzman.

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