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Warfare in the Classical World: An Illustrated Encyclopedia of Weapons, Warriors, and Warfare in the Ancient Civilizations of Greece and Rome

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Illustrates and describes uniforms, armor, weapons, siege equipment, warships, and strategies used by the ancient Greeks and Romans and their enemies

224 pages, Hardcover

First published January 1, 2000

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John Warry

10 books7 followers

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5 stars
213 (41%)
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184 (36%)
3 stars
94 (18%)
2 stars
12 (2%)
1 star
7 (1%)
Displaying 1 - 30 of 35 reviews
Profile Image for Pramod Nair.
233 reviews212 followers
July 28, 2015
'Warfare in the Classical World' from John Warry is a useful reference volume for those who want to learn about the art of warfare used by the ancient Greek and Roman armies. By analyzing the major political events and battles from 1600 B.C. and 800 A.D. in an easy to refer chronological order it traces the evolution of the way war was fought right from the rise of Mycenaean civilization to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire. The book discusses the political backgrounds, history, soldiers and their equipments, tactics employed by various armies, the great military commanders and their campaigns during each period in detail.

With illustrations, maps, photos of artifacts and line drawings the book provides detailed information on the weapons, warships, soldiers in their uniform, siege machines and other equipment with comprehensive commentary. The sections, which illustrate various soldiers, troops and warriors of the period like ‘The Persian Troops’, ‘The Archers’, ‘The Thracian Peltast’, ‘Cavalryman’ are detailed with beautiful realistic drawings.

Each battle is analyzed with the help of troop statistics, illustrated discussions on the strategies and tactics and weapons and equipments, which gives the reader a comprehensive overview on the topic. The accompanying maps on each section gives insights in to the troop movements and course of battles.

The book focuses mainly on the Greek and Roman armies, so the level of detailing invested for their opponent forces are comparatively less. Even though this is a small volume the amount of information that it contains with the detailed battle plans, maps and tactical diagrams and their chronological presentation makes this an excellent starting reference point on warfare of the classical world for anyone who is interested in ancient history or military history.
Profile Image for Jamie Smith.
521 reviews113 followers
June 2, 2021
This book is a useful overview of warfare, although covering 2400 years (1600 BC – 800 AD) in less than three hundred pages means that, at best, it can give only the highlights of the most important battles, leaders, and tactics. Still, its summaries are helpful guides through the important engagements. It can serve as a good introduction that leads readers toward searching out books that describe specific battles and generals in depth.

The fighting described in Homer’s Illiad, of open lines and individual combat, had given way over time to the phalanx, which was well suited to the citizen soldiers of the Greek city states, who trained together and could mobilize quickly. “The phalanx was itself a highly flexible unit, capable of assuming various formations; it could form a square, extend itself into rectangular shape with broadside presented to the enemy, or it could become a solid column, capable of being directed either head-on or inclined at an angle against the enemy battle-line. In addition, it could adopt a wedge or arrow-head formation.” (p. 99) A good book that uses modern science to examine the tactics and employment of the phalanx is Christopher Matthews’s A Storm of Spears.

John Warry’s understanding of ancient history is excellent, and he is able to provide insights into the ancient societies which help place events in context, such as

the Athenians generally behaved with greater brutality than other Greek states. They had been the heroes of the Persian Wars, but they were the villains of the Peloponnesian War. Particularly in the final stages, when they feared the growth of Spartan naval power, they reacted with ruthless savagery. The Assembly ordered that mercenary rowers captured in enemy service should have their right hands cut off. The Athenian commander Pilocles, himself executed with the rest after Aegospotami, had directed that the crews of two captured triremes should be thrown over a cliff. (p. 69)

To create this brief history, Warry was forced to make choices about which battles he would include, and therefore gives short shrift to some of the most memorable moments in history. His recounting of the Athenian invasion of Sicily is correct as an outline, but misses the drama of the conflict. The two chapters in Thucydides’ Peloponnesian War that cover this battle are among the most powerful history I have ever read.

With the arrival of Philip and then Alexander armies were enlarged with new types of troops and weapons, particularly auxiliaries such as slingers and archers, as well as sophisticated siege weapons and even elephants. By then war had stopped being a part time job that farmers and craftsmen could do for a few months as needed, and became a full time profession. The mercenaries were capable and well trained, but often unreliable since they fought for whoever paid them the most.

Except for a small nucleus of Macedonians who perhaps felt themselves to be united with their leaders by a tie of common nationality, the armies of Alexander’s successors depended mainly on mercenaries; this fact goes far to explaining why the wars which they fought were usually so inconclusive. A mercenary force possessed of the baggage train of a defeated army – let alone a town or territory which had sheltered the enemy – in its preoccupation with plunder would have little incentive to follow up a victor or pursue fugitives. Indeed, it was hardly in the mercenary’s interest to eliminate the opposing forces completely. By so doing, he would have deprived himself of employment and so a living (p. 121)

The Hellenistic age saw Alexander’s empire divided up into various nation states constantly at war with one another, and in time Rome would defeat and absorb them all. The book has a good discussion of the Punic Wars; the Mediterranean, while vast, was not large enough for two great empires, and it was inevitable that Rome and Carthage would fight to the death. “A remarkable feature of the Punic Wars was that Rome, with virtually no naval tradition, contrived to dominate the seas almost throughout, while Carthage, which was by comparison an unmilitary power relying on mercenary armies, produced two supremely brilliant generals in the person of Hamilcar and Hannibal.” (p. 154) Once Carthage lost control of the sea it was doomed. Its land forces were small and relied heavily on mercenaries, and with the exception of Hannibal and Hamilcar, Rome had the better generals.

Rome’s own rise to empire meant the end of its Republic. In order to rule Rome had to dominate, and to dominate it had to be merciless and ruthless.

In the preceding century, Roman standards of honour had won the respect of Pyrrhus, who was a chivalrous character if nothing else. By the end of the second century BC, however, Rome had been obliged to deal frequently with barbarous foes who not only found it inconvenient to honour solemn undertakings – as civilized politicians often find it – but freely entered into undertaking which they had no intention of honouring. In a wider and more wicked world, the Romans fought their enemies cynically with the own treacherous weapons (p. 170)

Eventually the Republic would collapse under the weight of constant infighting. The great noble families were casualties of Sulla and by the time Julius Caesar crossed the Rubicon many Romans were happy to give up democracy in exchange for peace and order.

The conspirators by whose swords Caesar died at a meeting of the Senate in 44 BC were old-fashioned constitutionalists. They were extremely stupid men. They could not see that a constitution which needed to be upheld entirely by military force was no constitution. It had been Pompey’s weakness that he made too many concessions to constitutional appearances; Caesar was murdered because he made too few. But military power was the only real basis of authority in Rome during the first century BC. (p. 234)

The book has and excellent discussion of the fighting with Pompey, Augustus, Brutus and the others, and the recounting of the Battle of Actium is a fine summary of the action.

Once his adversaries had been cleared out it was time for the empire, although Augustus never called himself emperor; he was Princeps, or First Citizen, and he set about the business of restoring order. “[Augustus] presided over an exhausted world, which had reluctantly realized that law and order can be worth more than liberty, and that authority was destined in the foreseeable future to be based on military power, whatever constitutional forms were adopted. “(p. 254)

The empire expanded, eventually stretching from Britain to Persia, from North Africa to the Rhine, but in the end the waves of barbarians were unstoppable. Rome was able to buy some time by offering some of the tribes foederati status, where they could receive some benefits of Roman citizenship in exchange for military service defending the frontiers, but eventually they realized that they didn’t need to be mere soldiers if they could be conquerors themselves.

One by one the provinces fell to tribes seeking territorial conquest to set up their own nations: the Goths, Vandals, Franks, Saxons, Alans, Lombards, and a dozen minor groups, and then eventually the Huns rode west, looking not for territory but pillage. “The Roman Empire in the West had virtually run its course by the end of the fifth century AD, not so much conquered as absorbed by the barbarians.” (p. 275)

With the decline in the West, the focus of empire shifted to the East, and Constantinople, which was always fractious and constantly struggled to maintain its authority. “In Constantinople, opinion became war-cries, indicative of allegiances. If you backed the green charioteer in the circus, you believed certain things about the relationship of the Father to the Son and at the same time favoured one branch of the imperial family rather an another.” (p. 278)

Eventually the Muslim conquest of the Levant 634-638 would put the Eastern empire constantly on the defensive. The crusades would regain some territory for a time, but western kingdoms regarded Constantinople as almost as big a threat as the Muslims. By then the classical world was dead, and the medieval age had dawned, bringing new weapons and tactics.
Profile Image for J.G. Keely.
546 reviews12.7k followers
April 2, 2011
If, in reading a passage of Greek or Roman history, you find yourself growing bored, chances are, it is because you do not really understand what was going on. While pages of troop movements and the names of officers might seem dull to you, I can assure that to some people, these things have meaning. In fact, they can be downright fascinating.

In hopes of becoming more easily fascinated, I was glad to find an edition of this book came free with my burger at The Traveler (along with the Odes of Horace, and I'm always happy that the taste of the clientele there means that the potboilers move like hotcakes but there are always histories and the scant copy of 'The Sadeian Woman' waiting for me).

I was excited to learn all about flanks and cataphracts and cavalry manouvers, but before we even get to that, Warry always gives a list of major sources, which couldn't please me more. I always enjoy having someone in the field let me know what it is worth my time to read, as it saves a lot of searching.

Nor was I disappointed when at last, the cataphracts appeared. This took several chapters, since the book is nicely laid out by period, which makes it helpful as a companion piece. Whether you're about to tackle Caesar's 'Conquest of Gaul' or Thucidydes account of the Pelopenesian War, just turn to the chapter of interest and you'll find a rundown of events and analysis of the units, equipment, and tactics involved.

Warry even throws in a few jokes here or there, and some of those amusing historical anecdotes which no scholar can resist. His style is clear and entertaining, and while he admits that this book is little more than a primer, sometimes, that's what I'm looking for.

Apparently, the original version of this book was illustrated, but the cheap Barnes & Noble edition I happened upon was not, even though a lone reference remains guiding the reader to a figure which does not exist. And that's not the only typographical problem with that particular edition, but I'm hardly complaining. Even without the pictures, the book is a useful and informative companion piece to studies of Classical Rome and Greece.
Profile Image for Erik.
234 reviews10 followers
May 22, 2017
Mr. Warry has truly challenged my reviewing skills with this book. This book was wonderful to read, yet maddening in many ways. At times I wanted to throw the book over some seriously poor editing and spelling, yet would find pages of absolute brilliance that would make me want to add this book to my "Best Books" shelves and hand it 5 Stars.

Frustrations will occur due to the nature of the book; it covers a large period of time so it can only bring into focus bits and pieces of what the author thought was critical. The material on the equipment and armies was outstanding, though battles really get limited efforts (maps when available were great though). Eclectic discussion topics like missile weapon development and ship construction were enjoyable and educational.

I enjoyed the color plates tremendously; as a wargamer, these pages are critical to aid in army construction and painting. The battle overviews provided are also quite helpful for setup and game table design.

I appreciated the chronological approach too. I think it makes sense to go forward though the period this way, so clarity occurs and the changes made more easy to see developing. I also appreciated the solid documentation of references.

I would have liked to give this book a 5 Star rating, and yet would feel justified punishing the publishers with a 2 Star for the horrible editing/spelling. Splitting the difference makes this a 3.5 Star rating, and I round up this time because what is good in the book is really well done.
Profile Image for Erik Graff.
5,168 reviews1,456 followers
March 15, 2013
The description of this book appended is accurate. This is indeed a readable, very condensed history of the ancient Graeco-Roman world which focuses on military technologies and practices. Each chapter focuses on a particular period and is usefully prefaced by a review of the classical sources. The deficits of the book are that it is very, very poorly edited--spelling mistakes abound--and lacks maps.
Profile Image for Brendan.
170 reviews1 follower
December 26, 2014
Although it is called an "Encyclopedia," Warfare in the Classical World is set up in typical chronological fashion, covering the time period between the Bronze Age and the fall of the Western Roman Empire.

Each chapter describes the ancient sources, and discusses major political events and battles. There are ample hand drawn illustrations of ancient warriors, photos of artifacts and depictions of battles, and maps of battles and wars. There is also a running timeline describing the major events.

Although it's only about 200 pages long, it is very dense, with a lot of detail on individual pieces of equipment and ancient military terminology in Latin and Greek, and replete with names of various commanders and ancient places.

It's probably more detail than you would be interested in unless this is really an area of interest, and it is written in a dry, scholarly manner, but it's very informative, and provides a lot more information about why tactics and equipment developed in the way that they did.
Profile Image for Brandon.
26 reviews3 followers
October 25, 2015
A great overview of some of the key events, personalities, and military innovations spanning Troy through the declining Roman Empire. My copy was without illustrations, which would have undoubtedly added greatly to the depictions. On the editing side, more missed errors than I would expect from a published book, from spelling inconsistencies, to grammar, to words obviously omitted. Still, very educational and compelling for lovers of history.
20 reviews3 followers
June 25, 2008
book orginaisation is definately an issue here. The content is interesting, if a bit dated. The Angus McBride illustrations are good as always, and the book would be useful to someone interested in wargaming the eras covered. More detail would be required for someone intending to build a non-roman army based on the information provided.
Profile Image for Jack.
79 reviews12 followers
January 4, 2023
A surprisingly great book. I was expecting this one to be very limited in scope however within we find a great summary of Ancient Greece and Rome. Warry even includes bits of later Roman History missed by Scullard and Cary in their textbook.

I have an inkling that weapon and military aficionados would be disappointed with the amount of information presented here. Perhaps a misleading title then, but regardless I was unbothered by this potential shallowness and learnt a number of military related terms along the way.

What impressed me most was Warry's wisdom. His conclusion on the cast of characters and events of the period showed profound insight and I'm saddened that he doesn't appear to have many more books.

Two quotes illustrates Warry's Wisdom

"(Agesilaus') skilful command had to some extent concealed the serious decline in the fighting potential of the Spartan citizen army. The development of new forms of warfare had been itself an admission that the Supremacy of the Spartan hoplite phalanx was at an end"

"The conspirators by whose sword Caesar died at a meeting of the Senate in 44 BC were old-fashioned constitutionalists. They were extremely stupid men. They could not see that a constitution which need to be upheld entirely by military force was no constitution. It had been Pompey's weakness that he made too many concessions to constitutional appearances; Caesar was murdered because he made too few. But military power was the only real basis of authority in Rome during the first century BC. "


At the beginning of each chapter Warry includes a list of ancient sources helpfully surveying their reliability. I thought that was thoughtful feature to begin a section.

So that's a wrap for Warfare in the Classical World. Tremendous secondhand bookshop find. Time to deep dive on John Warry I think. Love his work.
7 reviews
June 11, 2025
Warfare in the Classical World is an enlightening reference guide bringing to life the armies, tactics, and personalities that drive much of the ancient narrative. Beyond helpful expositions of "how" the fighting in my ancient battles occurred, the book does a nice job at provided the social and political context of the times. I will definitely be referring back to the book next time I read about fighting in antiquity.
8 reviews
January 24, 2022
From the hoplite to the Huns, this book tries to cover warfare in the classical world. Of course there are more specialised works that cover specific subjects, but this book will mention the key events from the history lessons.
Profile Image for Laurie Wheeler.
604 reviews8 followers
June 17, 2022
Interesting book, greatly illustrated and thoroughly detailed. My son especially enjoyed this for his research in our Classical Rhetoric homeschool history studies.
Profile Image for John.
43 reviews1 follower
November 14, 2023
An excellent read, well worth reading if military history is your thing.
Profile Image for Brad.
53 reviews
August 16, 2024
Excellent way to add color to your study of the period.
Profile Image for Stephen Simpson.
673 reviews17 followers
May 7, 2017
Not really an "encyclopedia", but the book does a decent enough job of covering some of the major eras, battles, and personalities of the classical period, even if a lot of major events are left out. The illustrations are quite good, and the descriptions of the battles are surprisingly cogent and easy to follow.

My main complaint would be the relatively limited coverage. I would also note that this book was not particularly easy to read on a tablet, but I can't fault a book published in 1995 for not being ideally formatted for tablets/readers.
393 reviews6 followers
May 27, 2025
This is an informative and succinct primer for looking at warfare during the ancient era, specifically with a focus on Greek and Roman history. Each chapter looks at a specific time ranging from Homer to the late Roman Empire and provides the broader context for the period before addressing more specific topics within that period.

This back and forth of wider and narrower focus makes it much easier to follow along with Warry's flow, alternating between an eagle's eye view of the continent and the man on the ground. Definitely a book with a good balance of detail and coverage.
Profile Image for David Taylor.
15 reviews
June 27, 2025
A great account of Greek and early Roman battles, but not of the imperial period.

The first three fifths of the book cover the ancient Greek, Macedonian, and Roman Republican periods well, giving just enough detail on the political and economic situation of these periods to give the necessary context to the battles. The battles are depicted with clear maps and troop formation diagrams, although they are monochrome and so look fairly dated today. Even better are the detailed, full-color drawings of ships, siege engines, armor, and other equipment that help the reader understand the conditions in which these ancient men would have been fighting. The only downside with these illustrations is that they aren't fully integrated into the main text, and so it can feel a little disorganized as the reader switches between the text and the illustration captions.

Unfortunately, the last two fifths of the book covering the Imperial period gets bogged down in political intrigue and has very few descriptions or maps of battles. There are still good equipment diagrams, but I felt like I learned much less of Imperial tactics than I did about the earlier periods.

Still, a good book if you're looking for a long sweep of military history told in fairly cohesive way.
Profile Image for WaldenOgre.
734 reviews93 followers
January 2, 2021
图文并茂,翔实生动。举例来说,在我迄今读过的书里,没有哪本能把罗马军团的作战体系解释得比这本更清楚的了。
Profile Image for Cindy.
2,763 reviews
April 27, 2014
This book was so helpful and so interesting. My son said it looked like a textbook, and it is very unimpressive on the outside. But inside is a different story. It takes various different conflicts during the ancient world and breaks them down, with maps and charts of the battle plans, photos of what the area looks like today, statues showing what the main figures looked like, and illustrations of the ships, armor, and weapons involved. Then it details the action. I wasn't able to get through the whole thing before I had to return it to the library, but I got through the Greek battles. I'm so glad I found this book! I need to get it again and read about the Roman wars. Definitely recommended for history buffs, students, or those who are reading about the time period and wonder, "What did that look like?"
Author 4 books16 followers
January 7, 2015
An illustrated encyclopaedia with no illustrations, spelling mistakes galore, and a fixation with the Roman Empire. On the surface, it sounds as though I completely detested this book. Nothing could be further from the truth.

Concise summaries, useful insights, and an ability to look at the bigger picture, makes this a standout guide, if like me, you are a beginner to warfare in the classical world.

Highly recommended.
606 reviews16 followers
April 22, 2011
I can see why students of history like Keely would appreciate this book, and clearly I should have had it at hand when I read The Conquest of Gaul. But at present, I'm just skimming, examining the illustrationsa and reading some sections. This is a good reminder that we haven't changed much in the last couple of thousand years.
Profile Image for Sean Chick.
Author 9 books1,107 followers
October 25, 2012
I wish I could rate it more highly, but the book is just too uneven. Warry seems bored with subjects outside of the Roman Republic. While discussing The Illiad, he all but ignores other Bronze Age battles that we have far more information about. The shame is when this book is good, it is quite good.
Profile Image for Walt.
1,217 reviews
July 24, 2008
There is a lot of information contained in this book. It is written and presnted in the same style as the Osprey Series of warfare books. The illustrations are wonderful and go along with the text in a clear, logical, and user-friendly manner.
Profile Image for WritingWarlock.
3 reviews1 follower
July 27, 2009
Thisbook is the best book on classical warfare I have ever read. It combines accurate illustrations with informative passages to create amazingly helpful explanations. It has given me a wealth of information on Greco-Roman warfare. It has been me main reference on cassical warfare since 2003.
Profile Image for Jesse Callaghan.
160 reviews2 followers
May 1, 2015
Decent overview of warfare during Greek and Roman times. I made the mistake of getting the paperback version rather than the illustrated hardcover which mean none of the maps were included. I ended up having to go to the library...
Profile Image for Michael.
9 reviews
Read
February 22, 2008
If you're interested in Persian, Greek, Thracian or Roman marshall history this is an easy to read and highly illustrated depiction of the armour, weaponry and lifestyle of the time...
Profile Image for Charles.
Author 41 books288 followers
January 11, 2009
I found this really helpful as a writer because it gave me detail that I needed to create my own fantasy worlds. It would probably be of even more use to historical fiction writers.
Profile Image for Carolyn.
339 reviews20 followers
January 17, 2009
Actually read this one as a direct result of seeing the 300. Good stuff if you're a history buff.
Displaying 1 - 30 of 35 reviews

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