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Linnaeus' Philosophia Botanica
Philosophia Botanica (The Science of Botany), by Carl Linnaeus, was originally published in Latin in Stockholm and Amsterdam in 1751. It is a greatly expanded revision of his Fundamenta Botanica (Foundations of Botany) of 1736, summarizing his work on the classification and taxonomy of plants while adding substantial new material. The book represents a critical stage in the evolution of binomial nomenclature, with a single word to describe the genus and another for the species. Special importance is attached to accurate description of the parts of plants, and to the correct use of technical terms. There are also explanations of the effects of soil and climatic conditions on plant growth. The book includes 9 original engravings, with 167 figures showing the shapes of leaves and other parts of the plant, and 6 short memoranda describing Linnaeus' botanical excursions, detailing his ideas for garden and herbarium construction, and outlining what is required of a botanist and his pupils. There are also indexes of technical terms, genera and subjects. The first full English translation of this classic work since 1775, this beautiful book will be highly attractive to botanists and all those interested in the history of science.
428 pages, Hardcover
First published January 1, 2003
About the author
Carl Linnaeus
1,257 books74 followersSwedish botanist Carl Linnaeus or Carolus Linnaeus, also called Carl von Linné, founded the modern classification, presented in his influential work
Systema Naturae
, for plants and animals.
This physician and zoologist laid the biological naming scheme of binomial nomenclature. People know and also consider him as the father of taxonomy and also ecology.
Linnaeus received most of his higher education at Uppsala, where he began giving lectures in 1730. From 1735, he lived abroad, studied, and also published a first edition in the Netherlands. He then returned in 1738 as professor of medicine at Uppsala. In the 1740s, people sent him on several journeys to find organisms. In the 1750s and 1760s, he continued to collect even minerals and wrote several volumes. People most acclaimed him of the scientists in Europe.
The Swiss philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau sent him the message: "Tell him I know no greater man on earth." The German writer Johann Wolfgang von Goethe wrote: "With the exception of Shakespeare and Spinoza, I know no one among the no longer living who has influenced me more strongly." Author Johan August Strindberg later wrote: "Linnaeus was in reality a poet who happened to become a naturalist". People called and complimeted Linnaeus, princeps botanicorum (prince of botanists) and as "the Pliny of the north."
According to German biologist Ernst Heinrich Haeckel, the question of origin of man began with Linnaeus. He described humans just as any other species and thus helped later research in the history.
Linnaeus with the first edition began listing humans among the primates. During time at Hartekamp, he took the opportunity to examine several monkeys and noted similarities with man. He pointed out basically the same anatomy and found no other differences except speech. Thus, he placed man and monkeys under the same category, Anthropomorpha, meaning "manlike."
The twofold theological concerns thus arose. Putting man at the same level as monkeys or apes lowered the assumed spiritually higher position in the great chain. Second, because the Bible says that God created man in His image (theomorphism), if He not distinctly and separately designed humans, then He well created monkeys and apes in His image, which many persons ably accepted not. Asserting man as that type caused the conflict between worldviews, based on science and theology; this conflict simmered for a century until the much greater and still ongoing creation–evolution controversy began in earnest when Charles Darwin in 1859 published On the Origin of Species .
Major celebrations marked anniversaries of birth of Linnaeus, especially in centennial years.
Numerous postage stamps and banknotes bore his image. Numerous statues honor him in countries around the world. Since 1888, the Linnean society of London awarded the medal for excellence in zoology. The parliament approved merger of Växjö University and Kalmar college on 1 January 2010 to Linnaeus University. People named the twinflower genus Linnaea, the crater Linné on the Moon and the cobalt sulfide mineral linnaeite.
This physician and zoologist laid the biological naming scheme of binomial nomenclature. People know and also consider him as the father of taxonomy and also ecology.
Linnaeus received most of his higher education at Uppsala, where he began giving lectures in 1730. From 1735, he lived abroad, studied, and also published a first edition in the Netherlands. He then returned in 1738 as professor of medicine at Uppsala. In the 1740s, people sent him on several journeys to find organisms. In the 1750s and 1760s, he continued to collect even minerals and wrote several volumes. People most acclaimed him of the scientists in Europe.
The Swiss philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau sent him the message: "Tell him I know no greater man on earth." The German writer Johann Wolfgang von Goethe wrote: "With the exception of Shakespeare and Spinoza, I know no one among the no longer living who has influenced me more strongly." Author Johan August Strindberg later wrote: "Linnaeus was in reality a poet who happened to become a naturalist". People called and complimeted Linnaeus, princeps botanicorum (prince of botanists) and as "the Pliny of the north."
According to German biologist Ernst Heinrich Haeckel, the question of origin of man began with Linnaeus. He described humans just as any other species and thus helped later research in the history.
Linnaeus with the first edition began listing humans among the primates. During time at Hartekamp, he took the opportunity to examine several monkeys and noted similarities with man. He pointed out basically the same anatomy and found no other differences except speech. Thus, he placed man and monkeys under the same category, Anthropomorpha, meaning "manlike."
The twofold theological concerns thus arose. Putting man at the same level as monkeys or apes lowered the assumed spiritually higher position in the great chain. Second, because the Bible says that God created man in His image (theomorphism), if He not distinctly and separately designed humans, then He well created monkeys and apes in His image, which many persons ably accepted not. Asserting man as that type caused the conflict between worldviews, based on science and theology; this conflict simmered for a century until the much greater and still ongoing creation–evolution controversy began in earnest when Charles Darwin in 1859 published On the Origin of Species .
Major celebrations marked anniversaries of birth of Linnaeus, especially in centennial years.
Numerous postage stamps and banknotes bore his image. Numerous statues honor him in countries around the world. Since 1888, the Linnean society of London awarded the medal for excellence in zoology. The parliament approved merger of Växjö University and Kalmar college on 1 January 2010 to Linnaeus University. People named the twinflower genus Linnaea, the crater Linné on the Moon and the cobalt sulfide mineral linnaeite.
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December 25, 2015
you don't really need latin to read the original.
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