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Inana – antes da poesia ser palavra era mulher
Há 4.000 anos, uma princesa, poeta e sacerdotisa de um império mesopotâmico é exilada e pede socorro à mais imprevisível das divindades: Inana, rainha dos céus e da terra, deusa do amor, do sexo e da guerra.
Seu nome era Enheduana – não apenas a primeira poeta mulher da história, mas a primeira pessoa, de qualquer gênero, que escreveu e assinou o que chamamos de literatura. “A Exaltação de Inana” é não apenas um poema de louvor à deusa, mas uma obra sofisticada sobre tensões político-religiosas e sobre o próprio fazer poético, uma profissão de fé no poder das palavras, que temos o privilégio de ler pela primeira vez numa tradução poética completa para o português, realizada por Guilherme Gontijo Flores.
Esta edição também acompanha a tradução, de Adriano Scandolara, de um outro poema sumério, “A Descida de Inana ao Mundo dos Mortos” (este de autoria anônima), poderosa narrativa mítica sobre a morte e ressurreição da deusa, além de uma apresentação da historiadora Kátia Pozzer.
Edição bilingue sumério/português.
Seu nome era Enheduana – não apenas a primeira poeta mulher da história, mas a primeira pessoa, de qualquer gênero, que escreveu e assinou o que chamamos de literatura. “A Exaltação de Inana” é não apenas um poema de louvor à deusa, mas uma obra sofisticada sobre tensões político-religiosas e sobre o próprio fazer poético, uma profissão de fé no poder das palavras, que temos o privilégio de ler pela primeira vez numa tradução poética completa para o português, realizada por Guilherme Gontijo Flores.
Esta edição também acompanha a tradução, de Adriano Scandolara, de um outro poema sumério, “A Descida de Inana ao Mundo dos Mortos” (este de autoria anônima), poderosa narrativa mítica sobre a morte e ressurreição da deusa, além de uma apresentação da historiadora Kátia Pozzer.
Edição bilingue sumério/português.
- GenresPoetryLiterature
120 pages, Paperback
Published May 1, 2022
3 people are currently reading
43 people want to read
About the author
Enheduanna
10 books71 followersAkkadian princess, High Priestess of the Moon god Nanna, daughter of Sargon the Great. c 2285–2250 BCE
:
While millions of Mesopotamian women lived ordinary lives, an Akkadian princess, daughter of Sargon the Great, lived a life anything but ordinary. Enheduanna (2285 to 2250 B.C.) became one of the most prominent and powerful priestesses in all of Sumer and Akkad. She holds the unique position of being the world’s first named author in all of history.
Her literary output of hymns and songs to the goddess Inanna set a high standard and example of religious psalms, hymns, prayers and poetry that was followed for the next two thousand years. The writings of Enheduanna echoed through the centuries, influencing hymns and prayers in other cultures and religions, such as the Bible and Greece’s Homeric hymns.
Enheduanna was born in northern Mesopotamian to Sargon the Great and his Queen Tashlultum in the city of Akkad. As Sargon’s daughter, she learned to read and write cuneiform as she studied to be a priestess. Sargon, who usurped the throne of Kish and proceeded to conquer all of Mesopotamia and beyond, needed to consolidate his power over southern Mesopotamia.
To smooth the religious differences between the Sumerians and Akkadians and to influence the political climate in the south, he appointed Enheduanna as En-Priestess or high priestess of the goddess Inanna in the important Sumerian city of Ur. The role of an En-priestesses was important both politically and religiously and was often held by royal daughters.
Enheduanna held the position of En-priestess throughout Sargon’s reign and that of her brother, Rimush as well. Sometime during Rimush’s reign, Enheduanna was cast out from her position in the temple. During this time of political and religious upheaval, she composed some of her most beautiful poetry and prayers, asking the goddess Inanna to help her. When her position was later reinstated, she wrote Nimesarra or "The Exaltation of Inanna,” which describes both her expulsion and reinstatement.
As En-priestess, Enheduanna was the chief administrator of the temple to An. Her original Akkadian name is unknown, but Enheduanna, the Sumerian title she chose when she came to Ur, translates as En (high priestess), Hedu (ornament) Anna (of heaven). Temple complexes in Sumeria were huge, the city’s essential center, organizing all religious affairs and controlling many secular businesses as well. Temples oversaw charitable endeavors, planned religious festivals and employed half the city. Enheduanna held this vital position for over 40 years. That she survived her exile speaks to her superior performance as En-priestess.
Enheduanna’s literary works include her poems to Inanna, goddess of love, fertility and war, three powerful hymns that helped homogenize Akkadian and Sumerian religions. She also composed 42 hymns, poems and prayers known today as the Sumerian Temple Hymns. In these she speaks with a direct, personal voice. Apparently, Enheduanna was confidant not only as the En-priestess but also as an author.
:
While millions of Mesopotamian women lived ordinary lives, an Akkadian princess, daughter of Sargon the Great, lived a life anything but ordinary. Enheduanna (2285 to 2250 B.C.) became one of the most prominent and powerful priestesses in all of Sumer and Akkad. She holds the unique position of being the world’s first named author in all of history.
Her literary output of hymns and songs to the goddess Inanna set a high standard and example of religious psalms, hymns, prayers and poetry that was followed for the next two thousand years. The writings of Enheduanna echoed through the centuries, influencing hymns and prayers in other cultures and religions, such as the Bible and Greece’s Homeric hymns.
Enheduanna was born in northern Mesopotamian to Sargon the Great and his Queen Tashlultum in the city of Akkad. As Sargon’s daughter, she learned to read and write cuneiform as she studied to be a priestess. Sargon, who usurped the throne of Kish and proceeded to conquer all of Mesopotamia and beyond, needed to consolidate his power over southern Mesopotamia.
To smooth the religious differences between the Sumerians and Akkadians and to influence the political climate in the south, he appointed Enheduanna as En-Priestess or high priestess of the goddess Inanna in the important Sumerian city of Ur. The role of an En-priestesses was important both politically and religiously and was often held by royal daughters.
Enheduanna held the position of En-priestess throughout Sargon’s reign and that of her brother, Rimush as well. Sometime during Rimush’s reign, Enheduanna was cast out from her position in the temple. During this time of political and religious upheaval, she composed some of her most beautiful poetry and prayers, asking the goddess Inanna to help her. When her position was later reinstated, she wrote Nimesarra or "The Exaltation of Inanna,” which describes both her expulsion and reinstatement.
As En-priestess, Enheduanna was the chief administrator of the temple to An. Her original Akkadian name is unknown, but Enheduanna, the Sumerian title she chose when she came to Ur, translates as En (high priestess), Hedu (ornament) Anna (of heaven). Temple complexes in Sumeria were huge, the city’s essential center, organizing all religious affairs and controlling many secular businesses as well. Temples oversaw charitable endeavors, planned religious festivals and employed half the city. Enheduanna held this vital position for over 40 years. That she survived her exile speaks to her superior performance as En-priestess.
Enheduanna’s literary works include her poems to Inanna, goddess of love, fertility and war, three powerful hymns that helped homogenize Akkadian and Sumerian religions. She also composed 42 hymns, poems and prayers known today as the Sumerian Temple Hymns. In these she speaks with a direct, personal voice. Apparently, Enheduanna was confidant not only as the En-priestess but also as an author.
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Displaying 1 - 6 of 6 reviews
June 30, 2022
Vem Inana, e faz a tua entrada.
Preciso comentar que essa edição está belíssima: os textos de apoio, de esclarecimento, são sensacionais, fáceis de compreender e com muito conteúdo. Todo o livro está super caprichoso e o que eu mais gostei foi que há o texto original ao lado da tradução, além das explicações da estrutura e significado dos poemas.
Enheduana é considerada a primeira escritora do mundo, já que foi a primeira a assinar uma obra, há 4 mil anos atrás. Nada mais belo do que uma mulher sendo a primeira, exaltando um deusa. Recomendo muito a leitura, sempre.
Preciso comentar que essa edição está belíssima: os textos de apoio, de esclarecimento, são sensacionais, fáceis de compreender e com muito conteúdo. Todo o livro está super caprichoso e o que eu mais gostei foi que há o texto original ao lado da tradução, além das explicações da estrutura e significado dos poemas.
Enheduana é considerada a primeira escritora do mundo, já que foi a primeira a assinar uma obra, há 4 mil anos atrás. Nada mais belo do que uma mulher sendo a primeira, exaltando um deusa. Recomendo muito a leitura, sempre.
January 5, 2024
uma mulher foda que fala sobre outra mulher foda em tempos da escrita cuneiforme 👏👏👏 essa edição belíssima dispensa comentários! segunda obra que tenho contato com o trabalho do flores e fico encantada🌟
August 7, 2025
Uma interessante edição de dois poemas de Enheduanna, uma sacerdotisa-poetisa suméria, dedicados a Inana/Ishtar. Enheduanna é considerada a primeira poetisa da história, dado que, nesses poemas, ela é a primeira pessoa a ser identificada como autora; antes, os poemas sumérios eram anônimos. O primeiro poema é um cântico de exaltação a Inana, escrito em exílio, e o segundo conta a história da descida de Inana ao mundo dos mortos e seu retorno, uma história que gera a mitografia das estações do ano na Mesopotâmia. Os dois textos são apresentados em edição bilíngue, com a tradução de um lado e o original do outro, e são acompanhados de notas de tradução valiosíssimas para a compreensão do texto. A estrutura dos poemas e sua distância histórica geram a estranha impressão de familiaridade (p. ex., os motivos de repetição dos cânticos sagrados) e estranhamento por buscar compreender a vida por trás da literatura produzida na Mesopotâmia.
July 20, 2023
Que trabalho maravilhoso que é esse livro! Muito interessante todo o trabalho de pesquisa e tradução feitos, que ajudou a entender a poesia de Enheduana e todo o contexto de sua obra - que também é maravilhosa!
January 11, 2023
"Vem, Inana, e faz tua entrada".
March 30, 2023
Que privilégio ter acesso a esse trabalho.
Displaying 1 - 6 of 6 reviews