"Buddhism: The Religion of No Religion" by Alan Watts is a transcription of several lectures that Watts delivered in Japan in the early 60s.
I don't believe I've ever read an entire book by Alan Watts, although I am very interested in Buddhism and Zen philosophy. However, this book confirmed my long-held impression of him as a deep thinker who possesses a lot of specific knowledge and intelligence, but who is also somewhat peculiar.
As a teacher of Buddhism, I personally prefer someone like Thich Nhat Hanh. Through his words and chosen topics, you can sense that he has truly internalised the teachings. In contrast, Watts seems to intellectually understand the teachings but also struggles with personal demons. This makes his work fascinating, yet it also suggests that we should take what he says with a pinch of salt.
Nonetheless, there are some intriguing insights to be found in Watts' lectures.
Here are a few ideas from the book that I found interesting or somewhat new to me.
Knowing and Not Knowing
One prominent theme was trying to pin down the essence of Zen and its underlying philosophy. Much of this discussion focused on its paradoxical nature. In essence, the goal is not knowing or not doing, but simultaneously, not knowing and not doing are forms of knowing and doing. While this concept might seem complex, and it did to me while listening to the lectures, it ultimately twists our understanding in a challenging but stimulating way.
I think what he tries to explain is that this twisting of our minds is central to understanding this philosophy.
Attachment and Non-Attachment
Another idea that was quite new to me is that some people say you should let go of attachments, which I had learned was central to Buddhism. However, he introduces the notion that sometimes it's good to seek attachments.
He cites a letter he received from R. H. Blyth, in which Blyth asks, "What are you doing these days? As for me, I'm abandoning all kinds of satori and enlightenment, and I'm trying to become as deeply attached to as many people and things as possible".
He explores this further, suggesting that it is a balancing act, like riding a bicycle: you don't want to fall to either side. On the one hand, you want to avoid excessive attachments, but on the other, you want to avoid excessive non-attachment. This was a new idea for me. While I found it different and thought-provoking, I still believe it's probably better to try to have as little attachment as possible.
Buddhism: Religion of Non-Religion
Further, regarding Zen, he highlights that to understand Buddhism, one must recognise it is not as dogmatic as Western religions. A quote from him states, "Buddhism is unlike Western religions in that it does not tell you anything. It does not require you to believe in anything. It is a dialogue. The teachings of Buddhism are nothing more than the opening phrases or exchanges in that dialogue."
Interbeing
He also discussed interconnectedness and how it helps us find our purpose in life. He suggests that no matter how obscure or unimportant you may feel, you are still an integral part of the universe because everything in the universe is connected; you cannot even remove the smallest part.
A quote from him describes a "John Doe who is nobody in particular, someone not even remembered by anybody. Nevertheless, everything depends on him for its existence, despite his obscurity. It depends equally on every fruit fly, every gnat, every vibration of a gnat's wing, every last electron, and every manifestation, no matter how brief those manifestations may be."
Overall, I think it is an interesting lecture series. However, if you are interested in learning more about Buddhism, Zen, or other Eastern philosophies, there are better books to start with, chiefly I would recommend You are Here by Thich Nhat Hanh. Being part of a lecture series, it is a bit all over the place with different topics, making it somewhat difficult to follow. Nonetheless, there are still some intriguing ideas.