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Very Short Introductions #703
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy: A Very Short Introduction
Very Short Introductions : Brilliant, Sharp, Inspiring
Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is a form of psychological therapy. It is not a unitary approach, but instead has evolved through a range of approaches that share a common underpinning model of cognition (thought) and behaviour being important in understanding and alleviating psychological distress. While the earliest approaches focused on modifying observable behaviour, later versions emphasized cognitive processes. Most recently, the third wave approaches in CBT have moved the focus away from the content of an individual's thoughts to their relationship with their thoughts, and the processes underlying thinking.
This Very Short Introduction gives an overview of what CBT is, where it came from, what it does, and when it can be used. It explores how one of the driving forces behind CBT's success and continued adaptation has been its basis in empiricism, and analyses how it must continue to evolve to meet future challenges. Looking to the future, Freda McManus also discusses how the scale of mental health problems and relative costs of traditional therapy formats have prompted investigations into alternative formats of CBT that have the potential to reach broader audiences, globally. She also considers the challenges of scale in training the workforce required to roll out such interventions, as well as those of determining the best ways of monitoring their competence and effectiveness.
ABOUT THE The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.
Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is a form of psychological therapy. It is not a unitary approach, but instead has evolved through a range of approaches that share a common underpinning model of cognition (thought) and behaviour being important in understanding and alleviating psychological distress. While the earliest approaches focused on modifying observable behaviour, later versions emphasized cognitive processes. Most recently, the third wave approaches in CBT have moved the focus away from the content of an individual's thoughts to their relationship with their thoughts, and the processes underlying thinking.
This Very Short Introduction gives an overview of what CBT is, where it came from, what it does, and when it can be used. It explores how one of the driving forces behind CBT's success and continued adaptation has been its basis in empiricism, and analyses how it must continue to evolve to meet future challenges. Looking to the future, Freda McManus also discusses how the scale of mental health problems and relative costs of traditional therapy formats have prompted investigations into alternative formats of CBT that have the potential to reach broader audiences, globally. She also considers the challenges of scale in training the workforce required to roll out such interventions, as well as those of determining the best ways of monitoring their competence and effectiveness.
ABOUT THE The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.
137 pages, Paperback
First published July 28, 2022
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270 people want to read
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Displaying 1 - 18 of 18 reviews
September 10, 2023
كتاب ممتاز .. يعطي فكرة عامة عن العلاج السلوكي المعرفي و مصطلحاته العلمية و اساليبه و بعض التجارب التي اجروها العلماء للوصول
الى اساليب العلاج السلوكي المعرفي
مناسب جدا للقارئ غير المتخصص في علم نفس
و يوجد في الكتاب ايضا جداول و اشكال مفيدة للتعامل مع
المشكلات النفسيه
كتاب مفيد انصح بقراءته 👍🏻
الى اساليب العلاج السلوكي المعرفي
مناسب جدا للقارئ غير المتخصص في علم نفس
و يوجد في الكتاب ايضا جداول و اشكال مفيدة للتعامل مع
المشكلات النفسيه
كتاب مفيد انصح بقراءته 👍🏻
October 15, 2022
A quick read to familiarize one's self with the most popular method of psychotherapy currently around.
To be frank, these ideas are so prevalent nowadays that you likely heard them or something of their like some place or other already.
What this book does, and does well, is give them a proper structure and explain the reasoning behind different methods. At times I was surprised by how much the approach is scientific.
Give this a read especially if you think something like therapy doesn't work or doesn't help, I assure you it does, and if data and stories are not enough to convince you, an idea about the field and its methods may show you that it is far from make-believe.
I also cannot wait to see the evolution of therapy and psychology in the future, we definitely don't have everything down and may be wrong about so much, but genuine trial is bound to lead somewhere.
To be frank, these ideas are so prevalent nowadays that you likely heard them or something of their like some place or other already.
What this book does, and does well, is give them a proper structure and explain the reasoning behind different methods. At times I was surprised by how much the approach is scientific.
Give this a read especially if you think something like therapy doesn't work or doesn't help, I assure you it does, and if data and stories are not enough to convince you, an idea about the field and its methods may show you that it is far from make-believe.
I also cannot wait to see the evolution of therapy and psychology in the future, we definitely don't have everything down and may be wrong about so much, but genuine trial is bound to lead somewhere.
November 24, 2023
All the insightfulness and quality of the 'About-Us' section of a website
Notes
CBT’s Nicomachean Ethics - it is through acting brave that one becomes brave
Classical conditioning
1) Pairing of Unconditioned Stimulus UCS with neutral stimulus to make it Conditioned S is not just frequency of pairing (food and bell) but magnitude/novelty of response (indian food and violent diarrhoea).
A = B
100 (A + C) = 100B
C = B
Or:
A+C=100B
C=100B
2) But can it work on humans?
JBWatson’s Little-Albert gives UCR scream to UCS loud-noise, paired with furry-white-rat as CS. Albert is now afraid of rats. And all white-fur-things, stimulus generalization.
- Extinction: time-decay of learned response. Spontaneous recovery: return of CS.
3) But can it work the other way around: counter-conditioning. Pair rabbit with pleasant stimulus and cured fear of white-fur-things. Thus begins BT: densitization/graduated exposure therapy - reciprocal inhibition (fear = tension. Tension <> relaxation. Relaxation <> fear) and habituation (response magnitude diminishes with stimulus unchanging repetition)
Operant/Instrumental
BFSkinner - classical-cond too simple to explain all. Thorndike: consequences strengthen / weaken the preceding response (reinforcers / punishers) - Skinner box’s levers/shocks/food. Primary reinforcers (food/water) vs secondary (indirect: money). Positive punishment vs negative (take away reward).
Cognitive BT
Gaps of Operant: Individual variation in learning. Sudden insight rather than trial/error. Tolman’s latent-learning (cognitive map of maze without reward). Bandura’s social-learning (via observation of solution or learning - vicarious reinforcement).
Functional analysis: examine the antecedents, the behavior, and consequences - limited to observable phenomena. Bringing cognitive phenomena like thought in: cognitive revolution
Ellis: rational emotive behavior therapy REBT: ABC - Beliefs mediate between Antecedents and Consequences. Change B to change C. Rigid beliefs ‘must feel a certain way’ musterbating. Focused on negative-aspects - awfulizing.
Beck’s negative automatic thoughts NAT re: cognitive triad (self, others, future): cog theory of depression. CBT changes NAT from anxiety (what did I do wrong), depression (self-blame), anger (other-blame) to neutral. Core beliefs about the triad (unconditioned) lead to coping rules that can be dysfunctional or once-functional, that result in automatic-thoughts stream of consciousness.
CBT Formulation: explain development of problem, its maintenance, and hence its target treatment. Organize main components of problem (thoughts, feelings, behavior, physiology) into maintaining-cycles.
Earlier the experience, more likely it leads to black/white absolute beliefs with less context or balance.
Carl Rogers’ core conditions for effective therapeutic relationship: empathy, genuineness, unconditional positive regard.
In Chaina. Tell me and i forget. Teach me and i remember. Involve me and i learn.
Behavioral measures: how frequent, amount of time spent.
The Practice
1. Elicit thoughts
2. Shift perspective to create distance from thought : a) shift in person b) shift in emotional frame of reference c) shift in time frame of reference
Confucius 3 methods of wisdom: noblest - reflection; easiest - imitation; bitterest - experience.
After CBT Formulation -> behavioral experiments (hypothesis-driven or discovery) that are successive approximations to the ideal experiment.
Panic disorder: catastrophically misinterpret benin bodily sensations.
Efficacy is impact of intervention under ideal circumstances - internal validity. Effectiveness is in real world (pragmatic trial) - external validity.
Cognitive model of panic: trigger - perceived threat - apprehension / avoidance or safety behaviors - interpretation as catastrophic - perceived threat.
FEAR: fusion with experience -> evaluate experience -> avoid experience -> rationalize
Vs
ACT: Accept reaction -> choose a valued direction -> take action
2 modes of information processing systems: 1. Solve-rpboems based on discrepancy between current state and desired state - works well for hunger, but counterproductive for aversive discrepancy like fear, just creates fear of fear / anxiety. 2) Experiential mode - notices with curiosity
Notes
CBT’s Nicomachean Ethics - it is through acting brave that one becomes brave
Classical conditioning
1) Pairing of Unconditioned Stimulus UCS with neutral stimulus to make it Conditioned S is not just frequency of pairing (food and bell) but magnitude/novelty of response (indian food and violent diarrhoea).
A = B
100 (A + C) = 100B
C = B
Or:
A+C=100B
C=100B
2) But can it work on humans?
JBWatson’s Little-Albert gives UCR scream to UCS loud-noise, paired with furry-white-rat as CS. Albert is now afraid of rats. And all white-fur-things, stimulus generalization.
- Extinction: time-decay of learned response. Spontaneous recovery: return of CS.
3) But can it work the other way around: counter-conditioning. Pair rabbit with pleasant stimulus and cured fear of white-fur-things. Thus begins BT: densitization/graduated exposure therapy - reciprocal inhibition (fear = tension. Tension <> relaxation. Relaxation <> fear) and habituation (response magnitude diminishes with stimulus unchanging repetition)
Operant/Instrumental
BFSkinner - classical-cond too simple to explain all. Thorndike: consequences strengthen / weaken the preceding response (reinforcers / punishers) - Skinner box’s levers/shocks/food. Primary reinforcers (food/water) vs secondary (indirect: money). Positive punishment vs negative (take away reward).
Cognitive BT
Gaps of Operant: Individual variation in learning. Sudden insight rather than trial/error. Tolman’s latent-learning (cognitive map of maze without reward). Bandura’s social-learning (via observation of solution or learning - vicarious reinforcement).
Functional analysis: examine the antecedents, the behavior, and consequences - limited to observable phenomena. Bringing cognitive phenomena like thought in: cognitive revolution
Ellis: rational emotive behavior therapy REBT: ABC - Beliefs mediate between Antecedents and Consequences. Change B to change C. Rigid beliefs ‘must feel a certain way’ musterbating. Focused on negative-aspects - awfulizing.
Beck’s negative automatic thoughts NAT re: cognitive triad (self, others, future): cog theory of depression. CBT changes NAT from anxiety (what did I do wrong), depression (self-blame), anger (other-blame) to neutral. Core beliefs about the triad (unconditioned) lead to coping rules that can be dysfunctional or once-functional, that result in automatic-thoughts stream of consciousness.
CBT Formulation: explain development of problem, its maintenance, and hence its target treatment. Organize main components of problem (thoughts, feelings, behavior, physiology) into maintaining-cycles.
Earlier the experience, more likely it leads to black/white absolute beliefs with less context or balance.
Carl Rogers’ core conditions for effective therapeutic relationship: empathy, genuineness, unconditional positive regard.
In Chaina. Tell me and i forget. Teach me and i remember. Involve me and i learn.
Behavioral measures: how frequent, amount of time spent.
The Practice
1. Elicit thoughts
2. Shift perspective to create distance from thought : a) shift in person b) shift in emotional frame of reference c) shift in time frame of reference
Confucius 3 methods of wisdom: noblest - reflection; easiest - imitation; bitterest - experience.
After CBT Formulation -> behavioral experiments (hypothesis-driven or discovery) that are successive approximations to the ideal experiment.
Panic disorder: catastrophically misinterpret benin bodily sensations.
Efficacy is impact of intervention under ideal circumstances - internal validity. Effectiveness is in real world (pragmatic trial) - external validity.
Cognitive model of panic: trigger - perceived threat - apprehension / avoidance or safety behaviors - interpretation as catastrophic - perceived threat.
FEAR: fusion with experience -> evaluate experience -> avoid experience -> rationalize
Vs
ACT: Accept reaction -> choose a valued direction -> take action
2 modes of information processing systems: 1. Solve-rpboems based on discrepancy between current state and desired state - works well for hunger, but counterproductive for aversive discrepancy like fear, just creates fear of fear / anxiety. 2) Experiential mode - notices with curiosity
January 9, 2023
I started reading this book because throughout the years I have tried CBT with different therapists and wanted to learn more about the methodology.
I ended up learning a lot! So it was a very useful short introduction for me. It covered a lot of different basis and categorized lots of topics well. Fun read!
I ended up learning a lot! So it was a very useful short introduction for me. It covered a lot of different basis and categorized lots of topics well. Fun read!
February 2, 2025
3.45⭐️
- recommend to people who are interested in the basics of CBT
- brief introduction
- did not enjoy it as much as I thought I would
- recommend to people who are interested in the basics of CBT
- brief introduction
- did not enjoy it as much as I thought I would
March 23, 2024
3.5/5. Freda McManus provides a good overview of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) - spelled “behavioural” in the United Kingdom - the gold standard of therapeutic models. By “gold standard,” I mean that it is the most evidence-based intervention, thanks at least in part to CBT being easily testable. I use many of the ideas in my therapeutic practice and read Cognitive Behavioural Therapy to improve my memory of what I learned in graduate school. It has helped. McManus rightfully points to ways that CBT aligns with Buddhist thought. I also see much in common with the philosophy of Stoicism.
Quotes:
“As we have seen, a basic premise of the CBT model is that it is not solely events themselves that matter, but the way that we interpret them. Thus, in order to help people, we need to understand their thought processes, that is, their typical and situation-specific ways of perceiving the world.” (p. 29).
*
“One distinctive feature of CBT is that it is comparatively time limited, being relatively short term, with most therapists typically offering between six and twenty sessions of CBT.” (p. 43).
*
“Another fundamental principle of CBT’s style is collaboration—any session or course of CBT should be a collaborative undertaking between the patient and therapist. A Chinese proverb says, ‘Tell me and I forget. Teach me and I remember. Involve me and I learn.’” (p. 44).
*
“Socratic methods and guided discovery are used to enhance collaboration. Rather than telling the patient how it is, CBT therapists use Socratic questions to explore alternative perspectives on the issue.” (p. 45).
*
“Activity scheduling is based on the premise that how we spend our time will have a significant influence on our mood (feelings), thoughts, and physiology…a common maintaining cycle in depression is low mood leading to a reduction of activity, which in turn means reduced opportunities for pleasure or a sense of achievement, which then further lowers mood. Activity scheduling aims to provide a structured way to break this cycle.” (p. 77).
*
“Third wave CBT approaches aim to enhance the effectiveness of first and second wave CBT by emphasizing contextual and experiential change strategies…What unites them is that they differ from traditional CBT in that, rather than encouraging patients to change the content of their thoughts in order to better manage feelings, physiological responses, and behaviour, they are encouraged to change their relationship with their thoughts. Thoughts are noticed and accepted as private mental events, especially the aversive or unwanted ones. This acceptance then reduces experiential avoidance.” (pp. 106-7).
*
**
Citation:
McManus, F. (2022). Cognitive behavioural therapy: A very short introduction. OUP Oxford. https://www.amazon.com/Cognitive-Beha...
Title: Cognitive Behavioural Therapy: A Very Short Introduction
Author(s): Freda McManus
Year: 2022
Series: Oxford Very Short Introductions
Genre: Nonfiction - Psychotherapy & psychology
Page count: 144 pages
Date(s) read: 3/20/24-3/22/24
Book #68 in 2024
**
Quotes:
“As we have seen, a basic premise of the CBT model is that it is not solely events themselves that matter, but the way that we interpret them. Thus, in order to help people, we need to understand their thought processes, that is, their typical and situation-specific ways of perceiving the world.” (p. 29).
*
“One distinctive feature of CBT is that it is comparatively time limited, being relatively short term, with most therapists typically offering between six and twenty sessions of CBT.” (p. 43).
*
“Another fundamental principle of CBT’s style is collaboration—any session or course of CBT should be a collaborative undertaking between the patient and therapist. A Chinese proverb says, ‘Tell me and I forget. Teach me and I remember. Involve me and I learn.’” (p. 44).
*
“Socratic methods and guided discovery are used to enhance collaboration. Rather than telling the patient how it is, CBT therapists use Socratic questions to explore alternative perspectives on the issue.” (p. 45).
*
“Activity scheduling is based on the premise that how we spend our time will have a significant influence on our mood (feelings), thoughts, and physiology…a common maintaining cycle in depression is low mood leading to a reduction of activity, which in turn means reduced opportunities for pleasure or a sense of achievement, which then further lowers mood. Activity scheduling aims to provide a structured way to break this cycle.” (p. 77).
*
“Third wave CBT approaches aim to enhance the effectiveness of first and second wave CBT by emphasizing contextual and experiential change strategies…What unites them is that they differ from traditional CBT in that, rather than encouraging patients to change the content of their thoughts in order to better manage feelings, physiological responses, and behaviour, they are encouraged to change their relationship with their thoughts. Thoughts are noticed and accepted as private mental events, especially the aversive or unwanted ones. This acceptance then reduces experiential avoidance.” (pp. 106-7).
*
**
Citation:
McManus, F. (2022). Cognitive behavioural therapy: A very short introduction. OUP Oxford. https://www.amazon.com/Cognitive-Beha...
Title: Cognitive Behavioural Therapy: A Very Short Introduction
Author(s): Freda McManus
Year: 2022
Series: Oxford Very Short Introductions
Genre: Nonfiction - Psychotherapy & psychology
Page count: 144 pages
Date(s) read: 3/20/24-3/22/24
Book #68 in 2024
**
October 9, 2022
'Suffering is an integral and essential part of the human experience - do not seek to avoid it.'
'In order to have the life that corresponds to what we value, we must be willing to experience the full range of emotions, including painful ones such as loss, fear and sadness.'
Indeed. I draw solace from the Buddhist thought - suffering makes us human. This has been resonated by so many forms of philosophy: Jordan Peterson, Jesus dying on the cross, etc.
How do we come to terms with suffering? Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, CBT for short, is a major advancement in psychotherapy that claims to be evidence-based and is as effective as medication, or long-term cost-ineffective Sigmund Freud-style psychotherapy.
Separate thoughts from emotions, automatic thoughts from alternate 'reframed' thoughts. There's always a healthier way of thinking. Face your fears and bear your cross. There is no way to a fruitful life, without first bearing through the most immense of suffering. The only thing we have to fear, is fear itself.
'In order to have the life that corresponds to what we value, we must be willing to experience the full range of emotions, including painful ones such as loss, fear and sadness.'
Indeed. I draw solace from the Buddhist thought - suffering makes us human. This has been resonated by so many forms of philosophy: Jordan Peterson, Jesus dying on the cross, etc.
How do we come to terms with suffering? Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, CBT for short, is a major advancement in psychotherapy that claims to be evidence-based and is as effective as medication, or long-term cost-ineffective Sigmund Freud-style psychotherapy.
Separate thoughts from emotions, automatic thoughts from alternate 'reframed' thoughts. There's always a healthier way of thinking. Face your fears and bear your cross. There is no way to a fruitful life, without first bearing through the most immense of suffering. The only thing we have to fear, is fear itself.
July 5, 2025
مراجعة كتاب: العلاج السلوكي المعرفي – مقدمة قصيرة جدًّا
يُعد هذا الكتاب أحد إصدارات سلسلة "مقدمة قصيرة جدًّا" الصادرة عن جامعة أوكسفورد، وهي مبادرة تهدف إلى تبسيط المفاهيم الجوهرية في مختلف مجالات المعرفة، وتقديمها للقارئ في صورة موجزة وعلمية.
في حدود 150 صفحة، تقدم المؤلفة فريدا مكمانوس – وهي أخصائية معتمدة في علم النفس السريري بجامعة أوكسفورد – نظرة شاملة ومبسطة عن العلاج السلوكي المعرفي (CBT): ما هو، كيف تطور، أين يُستخدم، ومن يستفيد منه، وما التحديات التي تواجهه مستقبلًا.
يتميّز الكتاب بلغة سلسة وأسلوب واضح بعيد عن التعقيد، مع أمثلة واقعية وتطبيقات إكلينيكية تثري الفهم، حتى لمن ليس لديه خلفية تخصصية.
شخصيًا، وجدت الكتاب مفيدًا ومُلهمًا، إذ أتاح لي أن أرى كيف يمكن للعلاج السلوكي المعرفي أن يُحدث فرقًا في حياة الناس، وأنه ليس مجرد نظرية، بل أداة قابلة للتطبيق.
أوصي بهذا الكتاب لأي قارئ مهتم بفهم آليات التفكير والسلوك، أو باحث عن مدخل مبسط لعالم العلاج النفسي الحديث.
يُعد هذا الكتاب أحد إصدارات سلسلة "مقدمة قصيرة جدًّا" الصادرة عن جامعة أوكسفورد، وهي مبادرة تهدف إلى تبسيط المفاهيم الجوهرية في مختلف مجالات المعرفة، وتقديمها للقارئ في صورة موجزة وعلمية.
في حدود 150 صفحة، تقدم المؤلفة فريدا مكمانوس – وهي أخصائية معتمدة في علم النفس السريري بجامعة أوكسفورد – نظرة شاملة ومبسطة عن العلاج السلوكي المعرفي (CBT): ما هو، كيف تطور، أين يُستخدم، ومن يستفيد منه، وما التحديات التي تواجهه مستقبلًا.
يتميّز الكتاب بلغة سلسة وأسلوب واضح بعيد عن التعقيد، مع أمثلة واقعية وتطبيقات إكلينيكية تثري الفهم، حتى لمن ليس لديه خلفية تخصصية.
شخصيًا، وجدت الكتاب مفيدًا ومُلهمًا، إذ أتاح لي أن أرى كيف يمكن للعلاج السلوكي المعرفي أن يُحدث فرقًا في حياة الناس، وأنه ليس مجرد نظرية، بل أداة قابلة للتطبيق.
أوصي بهذا الكتاب لأي قارئ مهتم بفهم آليات التفكير والسلوك، أو باحث عن مدخل مبسط لعالم العلاج النفسي الحديث.
October 31, 2023
علم النفس المعرفي واحد من الفروع الحديثة لعلم النفس وواحد من أقوي هذه الفروع من ناحية دقته وتطبيقاته وتنوع تطبيقاته
العلاج النفسي السلوكي المعرفي واحد من تطبيقات هذا الفرع
تقوم أساسات العلاج المعرفي السلوكي علي مبدأ ارتباط السلوك بالمعرفة
أو السلوك نتيجة للمعرفة
أو لطبيعة التنظيم المعرفي بالمخ
لذلك فالخلل السلوكي مصدره خلل في التنظيم المعرفي
إذن فالعلاج أن نبدأ بتعديل المعرفة كي يتغير السلوك
العلاج النفسي السلوكي المعرفي واحد من تطبيقات هذا الفرع
تقوم أساسات العلاج المعرفي السلوكي علي مبدأ ارتباط السلوك بالمعرفة
أو السلوك نتيجة للمعرفة
أو لطبيعة التنظيم المعرفي بالمخ
لذلك فالخلل السلوكي مصدره خلل في التنظيم المعرفي
إذن فالعلاج أن نبدأ بتعديل المعرفة كي يتغير السلوك
January 3, 2025
كتاب من المفترض انه يدي لمحة عامة عن العلاج المعرفي السلوكي، لكنه للأسف ضل طريقه وأصبح موجه للمتخصصين، ثم ضل طريقه اكتر فأصبح صعب حتى على المتخصصين
الكتاب تقيل بالنسبة لعنوانه "مقدمة قصيرة جدا" وده تاني كتاب اقراه في السلسلة بعد "الفاشية" وعندي نفس الملاحظات... يبدو انها سمة عامة في السلسلة كلها للأسف
لكن بالرغم من ده فالكتاب مفيد أكيد وجيد الى حد ما في توصيل بعض أفكاره
نسبة استفادتي منه لا تتعدى للأسف 30٪،لكنها كافية في النهاية بالنسبة لي
الكتاب تقيل بالنسبة لعنوانه "مقدمة قصيرة جدا" وده تاني كتاب اقراه في السلسلة بعد "الفاشية" وعندي نفس الملاحظات... يبدو انها سمة عامة في السلسلة كلها للأسف
لكن بالرغم من ده فالكتاب مفيد أكيد وجيد الى حد ما في توصيل بعض أفكاره
نسبة استفادتي منه لا تتعدى للأسف 30٪،لكنها كافية في النهاية بالنسبة لي
June 28, 2025
It was a fine introduction but it was a little too simple for my liking. I knew a little bit about CBT and expected to learn some new information but nearly everything was information I had already heard.
June 24, 2023
All I knew about cbt was cock and ball torture glad we solved the mystery
But actually some good basic psych stuff 🙂
But actually some good basic psych stuff 🙂
Read
September 20, 2023This book was informative, and that's not just something in my head.
December 26, 2023
مقدمة جيدة بالنسبة لي كشخص بعيد عن هذا التخصص.
فريدا مكمانوس معالجة في مجال العلاج السلوكي المعرفي تقدم عبر كتابها هذا نظرة عامة عن الأصول السلوكية للعلاج السلوكي المعرفي ،نظرياته ،سماته وأساليبه
فريدا مكمانوس معالجة في مجال العلاج السلوكي المعرفي تقدم عبر كتابها هذا نظرة عامة عن الأصول السلوكية للعلاج السلوكي المعرفي ،نظرياته ،سماته وأساليبه
April 2, 2024
Wonderful book ! I am currently pursing final year of mbbs and had electives in psychiatry, this book works wonders if complimented with lectures and some basic understanding of psychology
September 9, 2025
As with this series as a whole, this addition gives the reader a clear and, for the space, penetrating sense of the subject. Worthwhile read for anyone needing to know the nuts and bolts of CBT.
August 6, 2025
A brief, professional survey of the modem and its applications. Enjoyed this like all the VSI books so far! VSI 10/773
July 24, 2024
المختصر المفيد.
Displaying 1 - 18 of 18 reviews