My response for both Lifting Belly and Patriarchal Poetry:
Gertrude Stein’s use of alliteration and repetition in both “Lifting Belly” and “Patriarchal Poetry” creates an anchor for both texts the way a volta cures a sonnet. The recurring use of the title phrases turn passages from each into resolutions, while maintaining an unwavering assertion of her intention. While the works differ in subject matter, the forcefulness evokes both a plea to be understood, and a resignation of never being fully understood.
“Patriarchal Poetry,” comes across as Stein mocking a male-led world, claiming them to be self-righteous and bound to rules they’ve created and thus are too proud to break. It was visually confusing, like a cypher or a riddle, but reading passages aloud I found it to be chant-like and guttural. Alliteration tactfully forms pockets of double meaning, and I was very drawn to her asking questions beginning with “What is the difference.” I loved the ambiguity of her asking—it varied at times between a “what is the difference?” as in “are these two things so different” and “these two things are critically dissimilar, pay attention.”
One example that stood out was on page 122: “What is the difference between right away and a pearl there is this difference between right away and a pearl a pearl is milk white and right away is at once. This is indeed an explanation.” The use of a “pearl” against ”right away” insinuates that a ”pearl” is the inverse of “right away.” A “pearl” is an object that embodies a lot of femininity: a “pearl” comes from an oyster, which is often used as a euphemism for female anatomy, the ocean, the image of the ”Birth of Venus” from a shell, a ”pearl” being a metaphor for the moon which is feminine in most divinations and polytheistic religions. “Milk” being used as an adjective for the “pearl”—“milk” as literally a physical product of women. Measured against “right away,” which is not only not a noun, but is as rushed as its words mean. “Right away” plays a role of antithesis to the femininity of a “pearl,” implying that “right away” embodies a male energy, a patriarchal energy. It lands for me as women are patient, beautiful and intentional, and men (in this context, men in the role of critic or intellectual) are demanding and forceful. Though there are many comparisons of this ilk throughout the text, this in particular gave me the most clarity on the meaning of her selections. Aside from the intentionally chosen imagery, on a structural level I felt her hypnotic and repetitive chants to be a “fuck you” more than anything—intending to make a spectacle of rules she gladly breaks.
“Lifting Belly” on the other hand, carried a similar distaste for men, but more explicitly, heteronormativity.
I initially read Stein’s “Lifting Belly” as a conversation. I went from interpreting ”Lifting Belly” as her real life partner, but then felt redirected by language that implied it may be a personification of her sexuality as a whole. After reading more about this work, I feel more grounded in its classification as an ode to her partner, but the impression of “Lifting Belly” as a metaphorical presence still remains for me. The reason I debate this, while the evocation of desire and natural urge are ever-present, there are call-and-responses that stood out to me as a conversation one would have with oneself in regards to sexuality, and particularly queer sexuality in a time/culture that doesn’t support it. The “evils of eating,” (Pg. 5) stands out—and in a biblical sense I interpret as eating a forbidden fruit. Fruit being used as euphemism (along with other natural comparisons) for female anatomy; i.e. the apricot, the fig, etc., signal an acknowledgment of perceived sin. Not by Stein, but by societal contention against queer relationships through Stein.
I shifted toward reading “Lifting Belly” as an act more than a personification, and felt I most understood it in that context. The repetition of it bellows throughout argument, action, discussion of other parties, marveling at each other, etc. and it creates a sense of steadfastness, something as steady and inherent as sexuality and also love. The idea that “Lifting Belly” can be read as a whisper or a declaration is interesting to me—where at times “Lifting Belly” is used explicitly when making love to her partner, but echoes beneath in reference to other day to day activities, like love and sexuality that are always a part of ourselves; not quite hidden, but sometimes quieter. I’m also attracted to the etymology of the chosen repeated words. “Lifting,” as an act of uncovering, empowering, holding up, and ”Belly” as in showing one’s belly, a vulnerability. To uncover, and to lay bare and to reiterate that the urge is unchanging throughout the text is a beautiful dedication to her partner. In an effort to acknowledge the perception of traditional views against them, Stein assures her recipient that what they’re doing is natural and powerful. “We do not encourage a nightingale” (Pg. 43) and “A rose is a rose is a rose is a rose” (Pg. 35). The use of natural imagery across this text symbolizes the naturalness of sexuality and attraction.