Crisis Negotiations: Managing Critical Incidents and Hostage Situations in Law Enforcement and Corrections

by Michael J. McMains, Wayman C. Mullins

Crisis negotiation is a highly effective, nonlethal weapon that can quietly resolve critical situations without loss of life. This book brings together, in one complete source, the contribution that negotiation has made to the field of law enforcement and corrections. Topics include: hostage negotiation development, definitions, and characteristics; negotiation as crisis intervention; demands and the effects of time; the Stockholm Syndrome; stress; communication; emotionally disturbed individuals; team structure; intelligence gathering; hostage negotiations in prisons; equipment; media relations; debriefing; and more.

Genres: Nonfiction, Psychology, Crime, Communication, School, Reference, Police

415 pages, Paperback

First published January 1, 1996

Reviews

[Luca Andreol]

Crisis Negotiation

🚀 Il #libro in 3 Frasi

* "We care. We will listen. You have a right to be heard."

* All a negotiator needs to do the job is an ability to communicate. Everything else is a luxury.

* "People's minds are changed through observation and not through argument."

🎨 Impressioni
Libro molto interessante e tecnico sulla negoziazione durante le crisi.
👤 Chi dovrebbe leggerlo?
Chiunque sia professionalmente interessato a uno schema preciso su come agire in casi estremi
☘️ Come il libro mi ha cambiato?
Mi ha insegnato un algoritmo ed un metodo di lavoro per il ripetersi di eventuali crisi.
✍🏻 Le mie tre frasi preferite

*  slow things down and talk things out"

* negotiations are an essential part of life

* fewer people will be hurt by using negotiations than other solutions.

📒 Sommario + Note
Contents
Online Resources
Introduction
CHAPTER 1 Crisis Management History and Overview
Forming the field
Munich-1972: The defining incident
The Williamsburg incident-1973: Trying it out
FBI hostage negotiations program-1973: Bringing it to the national level Barbary Coast
Santo Tomas
Development of negotiations in police work-the context 1970s-Establishing the need
Defining the field
Hostage
Negotiate
A hostage incident
Downs v. United States: The legal foundation-1971
Sveriges Kredit Bank, Stockholm: Impact on the hostages-1973
The South Moluccans: Success after the first loss-1975
The Hanafi Muslim incident: The role and the impact of the media-1977
Refining the field
From hostage negotiation to crisis intervention
Crisis: Definition
Stages of a crisis incident
1980s-Putting negotiations into practice
Rochester, New York: Suicide by cop-1981
The anatomy of a siege: Post-traumatic stress-1981
The Oakdale and Atlanta prison sieges: Application to corrections-1987
1990s-Learning additional lessons
Talladega: Dealing with "non-negotiable" incidents-1991
Ruby Ridge: Third-party intermediaries-1992
Branch Davidians-Waco: Coordinating response-1993
Lucasville prison riot: Raising awareness in corrections-1993
The Freemen standoff: Pre-incident planning, TPIs, and coordinated action-1996
Columbine High School: Need for violence prevention-1999
2000s-Unexpected issues and adapting to a new world
World Trade Center-2001
Nord-Ost-The Moscow theater siege: costs of a tactical response—2002
Lewis State Prison (Arizona department of corrections): Refining issues in corrections-
2004
Beslan school siege: The need to return to negotiations and bargaining-2004
A false dichotomy
The discovery channel: Dealing with wildly irrational demands-2010
The one-man siege-Alabama hostage event, 2013
Refining the field further
Expanding on crisis-The SAFE model: an integrated model
Best practices
People management skills in policing-CIT
Professional resources available to negotiators
Professional organizations
Negotiator competitions
Books and publications
Internet sites
PDAs
Summary
References
CHAPTER 2 Crisis Management: Crisis Response Team Elements
1988
2012
2013
Definition of team
Crisis management team
NIMS/ICS-Supporting the team in the field
The NIMS incident command system (ICS)
The crisis response team
Triad of command
Strategic and tactical planning
Strategic goals
Strategy and tactics at the incident
Tactical planning
REACT model in tactical planning
Incident commander
Tactical team commander
Negotiations team commander
Communications within the crisis response team
Establishing the negotiation area
The negotiating team
Selection of negotiators
Selection model for negotiators
Team training issues
Types of training
External training
Internal training
Microskills training
Crisis negotiating equipment
Necessary equipment
Situation boards
Optional equipment
Obtaining equipment
The tactical team
Linear versus parallel approach to crisis response
Selection of tactical team members
Tactical team structure
Intelligence needs
Situation security
Assault operations
Sniper operations
Outside agency support
The ten most common mistakes
Negotiator skills and techniques
Negotiation team management
Critical incident management
Summary
References
CHAPTER 3 Crisis Management: Goals, Tasks, and Skills-The REACT Model
REACT: Integration
Mission
Principles from behavioral science
Empathy
Empathy and what to listen for Needs
Expectations
Frames or triggers: SAFE model
Stages of change
Ambivalence
Resistance
Managing resistance
The REACT matrix
Recognition
Initial risk
Characteristics of a negotiable incident
Hostage incidents versus nonhostage incidents
Types of sieges
Type of person
Engagement
Issues
Goals
Application of principles
Initial focus
Assessment
Control and contracting
Control
Influence techniques
Active-listening skills
Reinforce movement toward resolution
Selective attention
Symbolic modeling
Contracting
Goals
Application of brainstorming
Application of principles
Application of principles
Application of principles
Application of principles
Transfer
Summary
References
CHAPTER 4 Crisis Management: Risk Assessment
Risk assessment and negotiations
Current knowledge
Violent offenders
Domestic violence
The mentally ill
Research specific to negotiations
Imminent risk
Estimating risk: A process
Information versus intelligence
Intelligence and threat assessment
Purposes of intelligence
Intelligence: The process
Types of analysis
Understanding motivation
Definition of intelligence
Process of intelligence management
Intelligence gathering
Pre-crisis phase
At the scene: The Chaos phase
Stabilization phase
Post-incident phase
Intelligence sources
Interviewing intelligence sources
Assessing the credibility of the source
Summary
References
CHAPTER 5 Crisis Management: Communication in Crisis Negotiations
Principles of basic communication
Principles of effective communication
Components of the communication process
Barriers to effective communication
Crisis communication
Basic patrol officer communications
Verbal tactics in crisis communications
Active listening
Active listening: types
Getting Past No
Go to the balcony Step to their side
Change the game
Build a golden bridge'
Make it hard to say no
Social media and negotiations
Advanced communication topics for the negotiator
Influence and compliance
Perceptual contrast principle
Rule of reciprocity
Consistency
Social proofs
Liking
Scarcity principle
Behavioral theories of persuasion
Suggestion techniques
Summary
References
CHAPTER 6 Crisis Management: Negotiating with Emotionally Disturbed and Mentally Ill Individuals: Recognition and Guidelines Emotionally disturbed people and negotiations
Mental illness defined
Defining the problem versus diagnosing the person
A continuum
Domestic violence and negotiations
A brief course in abnormal psychology for negotiators
Antisocial (angry/rebellious persons
Borderline (ambivalent) personalities
Histrionic personality
Compulsive/perfectionistic personalities
Narcissistic personality
Paranoid personality
Recognize serious mental illness: Dealing with their special issues
Guidelines from CIT training-Mentally ill
Consulting with a mental health professional
Paranoid schizophrenia
Managing paranoia
Cognitively impaired persons
Developmental disorders
Alcohol dependence and abuse
Substance dependence/abuse
Summary
References
CHAPTER 7 Crisis Management: Negotiating with Depressed and Suicidal Persons
Depression
Adjustment disorder with a depressive mood
Mood disorder
Managing depressed individuals
Case study: A depressed individual
Intervening with the depressed individual
Suicidal persons
Definition and characteristics
Managing suicidal individuals
Recognition
Engage
Assessing/estimating suicide potential
Controlling and contracting: Intervention
Case study: Suicidal physician
Transferring responsibility
Suicide by cop: Victim-precipitated suicide
Suicide bombers
Summary
References
CHAPTER 8 Crisis Management: Negotiating with Special Populations Juvenile issues for negotiators
Characteristics of juveniles
Developmental issues for negotiators Negotiation guidelines for juveniles
Specific issues and negotiation guidelines
Gangs
Reasons for gang membership
Considerations when negotiating with gang members
Negotiating guidelines with gang members
Negotiating with the elderly
General issues affecting the elderly
CNS disease
Alzheimer's
Other CNS diseases
Suicide and the elderly
Negotiating with the elderly
Warfighters
Battlemind
PTSD issues
Traumatic brain injury
Military sexual trauma
Guidelines for negotiating with warfighters
Police officers
Considerations in officer-involved crises
Issues because they are officers
Negotiating with police officers
Summary
References
CHAPTER 9 Crisis Management: The Extraordinary and Unique: Prisons, Correctional Facilities, and Special Negotiation Incidents Negotiations specific to the prison situation Situational dynamics in the prison situation
The prison negotiating team
Lessons learned from history
Aggression among inmates
Veterans in prison
Kidnapping negotiations
Negotiating with protest movements
Police liaison with protest groups: A European perspective
Maritime negotiations
Maritime negotiations-A challenging dynamic
Challenges
Conclusion
Summary
References
CHAPTER 10 Crisis Management: Hostage Dynamics
Hostages and victims
Hostages
The Stockholm Syndrome
Etiology and description of the Stockholm Syndrome
The Stockholm Syndrome revisited
Hostage dynamics
Psychological effects of captivity
Defense mechanisms
Coping mechanisms
Survivors and succumbers
Post-traumatic stress and hostages
Emotional aftereffects
Cognitive aftereffects
Behavioral aftereffects
Physical aftereffects
Medical aftereffects
Positive aftereffects
Recovery from PTSD and the role of negotiators
Summary
References
CHAPTER 11 Crisis Management: Managing Stress and Trauma
Definitions of stress
Transactional model for negotiators
Demands
Perception of abilities
Coping and 'feed forward'
Feedback
Yerkes-Dodson law
Effects of stress
Stress in the hostage situation
Stress on the hostage taker
Stress on the hostages
Stress on the negotiator
Stress management
Post-incident debriefing
Operational debriefing of hostage incidents
Critical decision debriefing: A methodology for debriefing crisis intervention
Emotional debriefing
Emotional impact on the negotiator
Debriefing negotiators
Stages of a trauma
Goals of debriefing
Debriefing the impact
Summary
References
Appendix 1
Appendix 2
Author Index
Subiect Index


#libri 

[Amy]

One look at this book, and you know that it is a hybrid of a manual and a textbook... perhaps the textbook that is used alongside a manual for those in the police academy training to be members of the CRT.

It read like a textbook... glossing over everything possible in this area of interest... focusing in depth on absolutely nothing. It was worth the read if CRT is your thing... but not overly interesting and you do not gain the same in depth information that other books might give the reader.

[Kevin Stecyk]

Outstanding & Comprehensive Negotiation Text

Although not involved in law enforcement, I thoroughly enjoyed this book for the insights of negotiation principles, many of which can be used in general negotiations in day-to-day life. I also have a much deeper appreciation of the training and expertise of law enforcement negotiators.

Crisis negotiations are far more complex than most realize. I am thankful for the opportunity to learn.

[Preston]

While invaluable to aspiring crisis negotiators, 'twas largely unvaluable to me (sparing select stimulating nuggets throughout).

[Matt]

A must read for any hostage negotiator. Begins with a short history of police negotiations and moves through processes and subject profiles. Ends with team formation and management.

[Sean]

Written by none other than Dad!