McLaren makes his case for a metaphorical understanding of the poetic and mythical passages of Genesis.
Neo is in the Galapagos Islands, in conversation with a biologist. He uses a metaphor of invasive species to talk about misreading the Bible. The early Christians “had to adopt Greek terminology, and terms can be kind of like Trojan horses, bringing in foreign ways of thinking that aren’t native to the story.” For the Greeks there was an ideal world (spiritual & superior, complete) and there was a real world (physical & inferior, subject to change and decay). The writer of Genesis didn’t have a concept of natural v. supernatural or real v. ideal. For him, there was one world, not two—one universe with matter, life, and God. Matter and spirit are integrated. He speaks of God walking in the garden with Adam and Eve. To insert Plato’s dichotomies is to bring an invasive species to the text. In the same way, the “fall” wasn’t from perfection, as the Greeks understood it, it was from “goodness”.
Adam and Eve were in a garden—they were hunters/gatherers, living in dependence on the world, to find fruits and nuts and leaves. They lived in harmony. It’s not a perfect world in Greek terms, it’s “good” and it’s emerging, evolving. It’s a real story, not an imposed story.
He says it’s obvious that the Genesis writer depended on local myths. There were similar myths with gardens, snakes, floods, etc. What’s interesting is how the Genesis version of the story differs from all the other versions. Namely, matter doesn’t come from pre-existing matter, but from the mind of God—it is spoken into existence, given meaning, being, and purpose by God. Also, monotheism.
The first creation account is from God’s perspective. The second is from man’s. Man’s account affirms that he was not meant to be alone. God engineered him to be incomplete—literally missing a rib. God wants Adam to feel incomplete on purpose. “We feel an ache in our side, like some part of us is missing, so that we’ll always be looking outside ourselves for belonging and connection, for it is not good for a person to be alone. Eve completes Adam. Men and women need each other. People need each other. Man has a network of relationships with all of creation, naming it and enjoying it. God is not enough—God had in mind that we would be in relationship with creation.
There are two dangers—one that says all we need is God. The other which says all we need is each other. Neither of these options is good enough.
Humans are made in the image of God. We are co-creators. We’re capable of giving being to new things, babies, ideas, language, poems, songs, homes, cities, civilizations, religions. Other religions are part of this story because they are “creations created by creative creatures.”
The secular evolution story says we are at the top of the food chain with no one God, no one to challenge our claim as supreme beings. We can do whatever we want with creation. This story explains much, but it leaves out “human experience—the joy, sorrow, outrage, grief, hope, ongoing, wonder, love—the awareness that you’re alive and that you’re going to die and that both of those facts matter to you and mean something to you.”
Adam and Eve are hunters/gatherers. Their brain capacity is increasing. They develop language, then technology, and technology develops faster than morality. It’s not just one crisis, one fall from supernatural to natural. It’s a series of crises. Adam and Eve go beyond the limits of creatures, they want to be independent. Taking the fruit is symbolic of disrupting this balance, tasting evil, losing trust, feeling shame, fear. Cain and Able fight over religion. Abel brings an animal, he’s a pastoralist, a herder of sheep. He’s still dependant, nomadic. Cain brings crops, he’s a sophisticated agriculturalist, with no need to keep moving, you’re independent. “when you settle down, you can accumulate stuff. You don’t have to travel light. So ownership becomes a big deal. And when you can own and accumulate, you have stuff to protect, because others might steal it. And not only that, but other people might want to steal your land.” Or you want neighbours’ land…Cain killed Able in a field. So agriculturalists kill pastoralists and then build cities, then the Tower of Babel. Babel was possible because of technology—brick. This is telling a larger story about how mankind developed and moved away from dependence on God to prideful independence.
Neo says that miracles are overrated because there is a mechanism; we just don’t understand it. This is another division between natural and supernatural. Jesus turned water into wine. Grape vines turn water and soil into juice everyday, and we don’t call this a miracle. If we understand the world as being ruled by natural laws—like a really big cosmic pool table, where somebody racked up the balls and took the first shot, and everything is still happening, balls rolling over here and there and everywhere—if God interferes and redirects a ball, we call it supernatural. But if God is just as real as nature, then it’s “natural” for him to become a player now and then.