110 rich dad's who took my money?
think they've won the game. It is at this point that many people begin to fall behind financially.
The Real Object of the Game
3. The object of the game is to get your money off the table and still remain in the game. A professional gambler or professional investor ultimately wants to play the game with 0PM, other people's money. That is the object of the game. The moment I left all my money on the table, I lost sight of the object of the game.
Four Kinds of Money
As some of you already know, there are three types of income defined by the tax service, which are earned income, portfolio income, and passive income. A professional investor needs to know about the three kinds of income and the four kinds of money. The four kinds of money are:
Your money
The bank's money
The tax man's money
The house's money
The Velocity of Money
A professional gambler wants to be playing the game with bouse money as soon as possible. While in Las Vegas, if I had put my money back in my pocket and only played with my winnings that would have been an example of playing with bouse money. The moment I began betting everything, I lost the game because I lost sight of my goal, which is to stay in the game but to play with other people's money . . . not my own money. As a professional investor, I want to:
Invest my money into an asset.
Get my money back.
Keep control of the asset.
Move my money into a new asset.
ask a gambler 111
Get my money back.
Repeat the process.
This process is called the velocity of money. It is one reason why the rich get richer and the average investor risks losing it all.
Let me offer this example to better clarify this process. Let's say I purchase a rental property—a two-bedroom, two-bath condo for $100,000. I put $20,000 of my money into the asset and $80,000 of my banker's money. In this example, let's say I receive a 10 percent cash-on-cash return of $2,000 in net passive income per year. Along with the $2,000 in income, 1 will receive tax money in the form of depreciation and other expenses, which is additional phantom income. In this example, ten years later, I have received all of my own down payment back, from just the rents, $2,000 X 10 years = $20,000 ... and I still have the asset, which means I am still at the table.
But my money is off the table. I am still in the game playing with my banker's money, the tax man's money, and the house's money. With my money, the initial $20,000, returned to me, I would have pooled it and then reinvested it into another property, business, or paper asset and the process would have continued.
In many ways, I have completed the object of that game, but due to appreciation of the underlying asset, the game continues. The best part is I will continue to receive the $2,000 rental income per year from the asset even though my money is off the table (all my initial investment of $20,000 has been returned to me). By financial definition, my ROI—return on investment—is infinite.
Even Higher Returns
For the sake of this example, let's say the property appreciates to $180,000. In order to follow the tax rules, I could borrow a portion of the $80,000 of appreciation in the form of an equity refinance. Refinancing this $180,000 property, I could receive an extra $70,000 in cash tax-free (since it is equity in the property, not income), while I continue to own and control the asset. So in ten years, I would get all of my $20,000 initial investment money back from passive income, which is tax-free money due to phantom depreciation deductions, possibly an extra $70,000 from the appreciation in the equity,
page 117
I may not know our net worth but we know how fast our cash is flowing." When reporters ask “Why are you not concerned about net worth?" I reply with two answers. Answer number one: "It is easy to lie to you and to myself about my net worth." Answer number two: "I am not concerned with how much money I have sitting around ... I am concerned about how hard my money is working, how fast it is moving, and where I will move it next. That is why I want to know as much as I can about all three asset classes rather than only one asset class. For example, if real estate is too expensive at the moment, or I cannot find a great deal, I will move my money into my hedge fund, receiving an additional 25 percent return until I see the real estate market change or a business opportunity appears. In my world, the velocity and safety of my money is far more important than the amount of my money."
The final lesson for this chapter is: Never forget that the object of the game is to get your money off the table and stay in the game. That is what every gambler knows and what every professional investor strives for. Only amateur investors put their money in their retirement plan and set the parking brake.
An Example of Increasing the Velocity of Your Money
Suppose you have $20.000 to invest. The following are three choices that you have.
Choice 1: Invest $20,000 in a mutual fund that earns 5 percent a year.
After seven years: your $20.000 should have grown to $28,000 assuming no market fluctuations.
Choice2: Invest $20,000 and borrow $180.000 from the bank for a $200,000 rental property and let your equity compound. Assume rental income only breaks even with expenses and the property appreciates at a rate of 5 percent a year.
After seven years: the property will be worth $281,000 and your equity is now $101,420, assuming no market fluctuations.
Choice 3: Invest $20,000 and borrow $180,000 from the bank for a $200,000 rental property. Rather than letting the equity compound, you borrow out the appreciation every two years and invest it in a new property at 10 percent down.
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The drawback: Of course, if you are not successful in building a profitable business, a business can be a very big liability and loss of money, which is why I so often recommend starting a part-time business before quitting your daytime job.
Accelerator #1: Other People's Money
The first accelerator in starting a business is to use other people's money. As you become a better businessperson, this will become easier because investors like winners.
Many people start their businesses using their own personal credit cards, loans from family members, or personal loans from banks. While this maybe necessary if you are just starting out, remember that the quickest way to accelerate your business is by inviting investors to join you. However, a word of caution: Be careful whom you invite to participate. You may want to maintain control of the management of the company and limit the involvement of the investors.
Also be careful how much equity you give up because as your company grows and needs additional moneys to expand, you may need to look for a second and or third round of investment dollars. Have this factored in when you create your original business plan.
You may also be able to fund your growth through the excess cash flow from your business. The first two years of the Rich Dad company, Sharon, Kim, and I took no money out of the company but reinvested it into growing the business.
The next step we took was to look for strategic partners. By licensing certain rights to them, and sharing the profits with them, we were able to expand using our strategic" partner's money and our strategic partner's distribution systems. We have used this strategic partner model many times in growing our business.
Accelerator #2; Entity Selection
Choosing the proper entity in which to hold your business is critical. You absolutely do NOT want to hold your business as a sole proprietorship or general partnership.
Review the various requirements and benefits of a C Corporation, S Corporation, Limited Liability Company (LLC), or Limited Partnership (LP) with your attorney and tax advisor to see which entity will provide the best pro-
Tin; power of powkr investing IS"7
tection for your business and result in the best tax advantages, thus maximizing your cash flow.
Accelerator #3: Other People's Time
If you are a good business owner, you have the leverage of other people and systems doing your work. In other words, if you are a good businessperson, it is the same as earning money for nothing, once the business is up and running. Most people will have to work for money for much of their lives because they work for a business rather than work to build a business.
Accelerator #4: Tax Laws
The tax man is on your side as a business owner. Review Chapter 5 on how the tax laws were written to benefit business owners and investors. By starting a business you may even be able to convert personal expenses into legitimate deductible business expenses.
Accelerator #5: Charity
My rich dad always reminded me of the saying "Give and you shall receive." Being generous and giving back to the community are essential elements in growing your business.
You may not know how the returns on your charitable giving will be realized, but they will be. The more people you serve, the richer you will become.
At our company, we regularly donate books and games to organizations. In addition we created the Foundation for Financial Literacy, which awards financial grants to organizations that create and support financial literacy programs that support the Rich Dad mission statement, "To elevate the financial well-being of humanity."
In addition, we have reinvested part of our company's profits into developing the commercial-free Web site, w\vw.richkidsmartkid.com, which has financial mini-games and curricula for children from kindergarten through high school. Schools from around the world may apply through this Web site and receive a free copy of our electronic game CASHFLOW for KIDS.
It is through the combination of all of these accelerators that you will be able to maximize/e the velocity of growing your business and your cash flow. You can then reinvest your cash flow into the business to continue its growth or invest it into new assets like real estate.
188 rich dad's who took my money?
ASSET #2: REAL ESTATE
Accelerator #6: Other People's Money
My banker is on my side for investing in real estate. Let's say I buy a $100,OO0 property by using:
$10,000 of my own money $90,000 of my bank's money
The banker allows the investor to also take the phantom cash flow as well as capital gains from their side of the investment. In other words, even if the bank technically owns 90 percent of the investment, the investor also gets the banker's share of the phantom cash flow as well as the banker's share of the capital gains. Think about that one. How many business partners will give you their share of the profits? In this case, your banker does. The banker has 90 percent of the risk but you receive their share of the profits. They get nothing but the interest, which is paid by your tenant. Ask your financial planner if your mutual fund will give you that great a deal. Will your mutual fund loan you 90 percent of the money, assume 90 percent of the risk, but take 0 percent of the profits? This is what rich dad called magic money.
Financial planners often say that employers often match their employees' contributions. That is at best a 1:1 ratio versus the 1:9 ratio in real estate.
Review Chapter 3. 'Ask Your Banker." for the three types of leverage offered by the bank:
In seeming the investment
Depreciation of entire asset
Ownership of appreciation
Accelerator #1: Entity Selection
Entity selection is again critical in understanding the secrets and strategies that the rich have used for generations to protect their real estate assets. Often you will want to have separate entities for each property so if one property is put at risk, your others are not.
Popular entities for holding real estate are limited liability companies (LLCs) and limited partnerships (IPs). You will want to get competent advice from your attorney and tax strategist, as the choice may also be important :>ased on your state laws.
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This represents a 12 percent cash-on-cash return, ($12,492 net income! on the initial investment of the 5100,000 down-payment) BEFORE depreciation.
Now let's add the impact from the depreciation deduction allowed by the tax law. Let's assume that this property is a residential rental property, as the deductions allowed are based on the type of property. The tax law allows you to do a cost segregation between personal property and the building and then also allows you to depreciate the personal property more quickly than the building. This is where your tax advisor can assist you in getting the largest depreciation deduction possible. Let's see how the depreciation impacts our income from the $1 million property outlined above.
Cash Flow from Property $12,492
Less: Component Depreciation $26,800 Phantom Deduction
Less: Building Depreciation $21.746 Phantom Deduction
Net Taxable Loss from Property $25,994 Paper Loss
This is where Robert's tax advisor Tom came in with his term magic money. This taxable loss, which is called a "paper loss," is created by the "phantom deduction" of depreciation. If you or your spouse qualifies as a real estate professional you can offset your other taxable income by this loss of $25,994.
Let's say your effective income tax rate (federal, state, and local) is 40 percent, your actual tax savings will be $10,398 from this paper loss offset. This brings your total cash return from the property to $22,890.
Cash Flow from Property $ 12,492
Plus Tax Savings from Paper Loss $ 10,398
Total Cash Return from Property $ 22,890
Your cash-on-cash return is now 23 percent
Utilizing Real Estate Paper Losses
As described earlier, the Tax Reform Act of 1986 made changes related to the deductibility of passive losses for individuals. Rental income is treated
the power of power investing 795
as a passive activity, and under the tax code an individual may offset any other passive income with real estate paper losses and may qualify to use up to an additional $25,000 of these passive losses as an offset against income from nonpassive sources like dividends and wages each year. However, this $25,000 limit starts to phase out once the individual's adjusted gross income hits $100,000 and is completely phased out at $150,000.
So how does an individual benefit from paper losses from real estate? One answer lies in making real estate your, or your spouse's, business.
An individual, or his or her spouse, may qualify as a real estate professional, which would convert their rental income from passive income to active income. To qualify, one of them must meet both of the following requirements:
• more than one half of the individual's personal services are per
formed in real-estate-related activities (not as an employee unless
he or she owns more than 5 percent in the employer);
AND
• spend more than 750 hours in the business of real estate.
If you want to qualify as a real estate professional it is important to keep accurate records of your activities and to seek a competent tax advisor. As a real estate professional you may also qualify to utilize the business deductions outlined in the business section above.
Paper Assets
In analyzing paper assets for investment it is important to understand enough of the jargon used in the market to ask the right questions of your financial advisor. For instance, rich dad and Robert both talk about investing in tax-exempt securities, which increase your cash flow without increasing your income tax. While these securities may be exempt from federal income tax, they may be subject to state income tax.
226 rich dad's who took my money?
Sharon's Notes =
Let's try to put it all together. Robert has shared many of his strategies in locating, selecting, and purchasing investments. The overall process is summarized here:
The seven ways to find investments:
Remember, people are lemmings—look for what's not popular.
Personal tragedy or calamity—your good investment may reduce someone else's tragedy or calamity, benefiting you both.
A recession—great time to invest.
Technical, political, or cultural changes—create opportunities.
20-10-5-year cycles—these are investment cycles that are good indicators.
Have a friend in the business—it is a "who you know" world sometimes. Be the first person they call with a new deal.
Pay more money. This allows you to tie up the deal (with contingencies and then analyze). Don't haggle.
The next four steps are to analyze the investment found:
Know your numbers . . . don't be a guessing gambler... do the due diligence.
Know the mistakes that lemmings make . . . don't follow the crowd.
Be generous. . . rather than greedy.
Be creative . . . there are many ways to make a deal.
Then remember the five considerations for each investment and how the investment fits into your overall investing strategy:
Earn/create—how will it generate cash flow for you?
Manage—how will you manage this investment?
Leverage—how much leverage will the investment provide, or can you get?
Protect—how should you hold the investment, maximize its profitability, and protect it from potential creditors?
Exit—how will you get your original investment moneys back?
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Purchase the investment using rich dad's velocity of money investing plan:
Invest money into an asset using accelerators.
Get the original investment money back (exit strategy).
Keep control of the original asset.
Move the money into a new asset.
Get the investment money back.
6. Repeat the process.
It is the combination of all of these steps that generates true wealth and provides financial control over one's future. For reference, I am also including the chart "Why the Rich Get Richer," which brings it all together.
Whyth
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e Rich Get Richer
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Asset Accelerator
Job
OPM
Entity Selection
Business OPT
; 5-v. Tax Laws
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4
Charity
OPM-S1 :$9
Savings
j*"4 Entity Selection
Get Out of Debt
Real Estate Tax Laws
Personal Residence
j • Depreciation
Mutual Funds
A
» Passive Loss
Equities 401(k)s, IRAs, SEPs
Tax Exempt Hedge Funds Paper Options
PPMs
IPOs
strangers and your money will work for the strangers—before your money-works for you.' So be smart, find the best profession for your money, and your money will take care of you. That is what investing is about."
What a Good Investor Cares About
Earlier in this book I wrote that an investor does five things. They are:
5. Exit
4. Protect
3. Leverage
2. Manage
1. Earn/Create
The reason a professional investor does these five steps in planning their investments is because they care about their money—their employees. In professional investing terms, these five steps are similar to a due diligence checklist.
When I was training to be a pilot, we were taught the importance of always following checklists. For example, before starting engines we ran through a written checklist. Before landing, we also ran through a written checklist. The same is true for professional investors. For example, before we purchase a new building we always go through a due diligence checklist. The process of going through this checklist has served us well and made us a lot of money over the years. If you are interested in seeing or using the same checklists we use, these can be found in our real estate investor products such as 6 Steps to Becoming a Successful Real Estate Investor and How to Increase the Income from Your Real Estate Investments, which is an in-depth guide to being better at property management, one of the most crucial aspects of real estate investing.