Informative Introduction - For readers looking to better understand the financial foundations of business, “How Finance Works” by Mihir Desai is a highly accessible and structured guide. Following his earlier work, “The Wisdom of Finance,” which connected finance to life through stories and philosophy (and seems to relate to books such as Nafisi’s “Reading Lolita in Tehran” ---see my reviews), this title takes a more practical, tool-based approach—explaining key financial concepts without overwhelming the reader.
Desai opens with a clear statement of intent: to equip readers with the "most central intuitions of finance" and build "confidence and curiosity" when approaching financial issues (p. 9). The book delivers on that promise through seven well-organized chapters covering financial analysis, cash flows, capital markets, valuation, and capital allocation.
One of the book’s strongest features is its visual tools—particularly the DuPont Framework (p. 54), which breaks down return on equity into actionable components. Charts like the financial ecosystem map (p. 116) help demystify how capital flows from savers through markets to companies, clarifying the role of intermediaries.
Desai underscores that finance is less about accounting arithmetic and more about understanding cash, risk, and the future. As he argues, "finance professionals consider net profit flawed" and instead rely on free cash flow as a more accurate signal of economic performance (p. 68). The statement of cash flows, in his view, may be the most revealing of all financial statements (p. 73).
Yet, this book is not without limits. Its examples are drawn entirely from the for-profit corporate world. Public sector leaders, educators, or those in non-profits may need to extrapolate concepts for their own use. Still, ideas like the principal-agent problem (pp. 134–35), stakeholder credibility (p. 139), and value creation through innovation (p. 162) have clear parallels across sectors.
For readers interested in broadening these insights, Rana Foroohar’s “Makers and Takers” offers a critical look at how the financial sector has outgrown its productive roots, while Geoffrey Moore’s “Living on the Fault Line” addresses how companies can sustain value by aligning financial metrics with long-term innovation. In addition, Edward Freeman’s “Stakeholder Theory” also provides a useful lens for thinking about financial decisions beyond shareholder returns—applicable both in business and nonprofit strategy. (see my reviews of these books).
Overall, “How Finance Works” is an engaging and informative introduction that avoids heavy jargon and focuses on intuition. While its formulas for valuation and cash flow analysis require some effort to master, the core ideas are clearly explained. For those new to finance—or for professionals seeking to better engage with financial teams—Desai’s book is a helpful resource.