The RSS is the most influential cultural organization in India today, with affiliates in fields as varied as politics, education and trade.
This book fundamentally addresses three key questions:
● Why has the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) and its affiliates expanded so rapidly over the past twenty-five years? ● How have they evolved in response to India's new socio-economic milieu? ● How does their rapid growth impact the country's politics and policy?
With unprecedented access, Walter K. Andersen and Shridhar D. Damle lift the curtains to help us understand the inner workings of the Sangh.
Backed by deep research and case studies, this book explores the evolution of the Sangh into its present form, its relationship with the ruling party, the BJP, their overseas affiliates and so much more.
Let's address the elephant in the room. No matter what views one holds, there are two facts that no one would deny. Firstly, the RSS, for better or for worse, whether one is a supporter or detractor, whether one likes it or not, is an institution of importance in India. Secondly, the RSS is at the center of the attention of very strongly held opinions - again, both in support of and in opposition to - so much so that it is never bereft of controversy.
What I found most remarkable about this book is the sheer amount of study & research that has gone into it. Roughly 40% of the book is dedicated to appendices & notes. I found the book to be well-written, informative and enriching; it added to both my knowledge and understanding.
As to the structure & content of this book, better men than me have written extensively about it.
Some have argued that it has not been adequately critical of the RSS. Thjs book is definitely critical in parts, but whether such criticism is adequate or not - I simply do not know.
I do not have adequate understanding or study to form a definitive opinion.
And this is really the crux of why I would recommend & urge others to read this book. Very few things in life can be reduced to black-and-white binaries. All that one can do is keep on studying, and when confronted with new opinions, critically examine them, and either accept or reject them.
The process of studying, and of conversation, is essential. This book is a step towards that.
Disappointingly there is nothing revelatory in this book about the RSS that is not already in the public domain. Would have liked some interviews from a cross section of the ordinary workers or 'sewaks' - maybe a demographic study of the age distribution, socioeconomic strata, literacy levels. There should have been more about the other affiliates like those of doctors, jurists, academics, doctors, 'intellectuals'. What is their opinion of cows, Indian history and evolution? Frankly, the most crucial bit that was glaring in its omission was the financial structure of RSS. From where do they get their funding? What salaries and perks are given to various full-time workers? Finally, there is far too much repetition and one quarter of the book is just a bibliography.
Probably the best book written by Western academicians on the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh or the RSS and its affiliates which are collectively referred as the Sangh Parivar or the Sangh family. Due to the left leaning influence on academia in India and in the West, most academicians tend to be biased against the Sangh and that reflects in their writings on the same. However, Andersen and Damle are an exception to this norm. Unlike others, they have relied on original sources, interviewed actual persons involved in the Sangh Parivar, referred to both sides of the story, viewed the organisation from different perspectives, and most importantly, they have written about the Sangh without any vested interests involved in the process.
What is remarkable about the book is how the authors have tried to maintain a neutral, balanced tone throughout the book. One of the best things about the book is that it demolishes many of the myths that are associated with the Sangh Parivar especially to the Western audience who have been misled for decades. The chapter on What is Hindutva is especially enlightening and by highlighting the various definitions about what Hindutva is, the author bring out a detailed understanding to the reader.
This book is highly recommended for those who want to know about the Sangh Parivar in the most balanced manner and are ready to read about the topic with an open mind. One important that will be clear upon reading the book is that the RSS is not just about the BJP. There are so many affiliates under the Sangh Parivar and the BJP is just one among them. How the RSS has managed to keep the Parivar united for so long and has continuously evolved with time, accompanied with rapid growth, and the challenges associated with all these is itself the essence of the book.
A fascinating glimpse into the origins, evolution and operations of India's largest civil society organisation. How its leaders shaped its identity, what fuels its ambitions, the tensions and choices that confront it as it seeks to realise both, its cultural goals and the success of its political arm, the BJP. Filled with surprising facts: did you know that Kerala has a higher density of shakhas than does Maharashtra?
The book addresses how RSS evolved over the years from merely a small bramhinical religious organisation to the biggest non-governmental organisation in the world penetrating all hierarchies in the indian society.
It also addresses the controversial issues like prohibition of cow slaughter, Hindutava, exodus of hindu pandits from kashmir etc and how far-right or centrist activities on aforementioned sensitive issues pitted its affiliates against each other over the years.
What I like about the book is that the authors neither criticised nor patronized RSS. They published ample amount of factual informations and excerpts from interviews on idelogical beliefs and activities on several controversial issues.
Overall the book is informative but not argumentative. It is on readers to debate and decide.
A decent book. Very unique that it is by and large non partisan. It is a bit repetitious though. Same points are being made again and again. It would have also been good if they had done a deeper study of Pracharaks, who according to book keep the organization going and help maintain coherence between affiliates.
Incredible journey through this book. After the Indian Armed Forces, it's the RSS that Stands Tall in Service of our Nation. May more and more join them, and let they succeed in their main aim of Character Building, now and forever
It gives an idea about the Sangh,how it works and why it works.A must read if you want to know in depth about this organisation. The reportage is clean and they have tried their best to be impartial while describing political issues.A good read for anybody who is a political observer.
This book has me conflicted. It is well researched about RSS has evolved over the years. It captures the complexity of the changes and debates going on within the so-called Sangh Parivar really well. But it has two problems. It seems to take everything that RSS functionaries say on the face value and doesn't try to look beyond how RSS wants us to perceive it.
The second problem is even worse. From its descriptions of the various affiliates, it is very clear that RSS is developing into a deep state or even an extra-legal/judicial entity which has way too much control over what happens in India today. But the book chooses not to dwell on it.
Regardless of these two problems, it does have some value in bringing out the complexity of the RSS and its affiliates.
I read this for understanding how RSS helped BJP win 2014 elections. It gives an insight to that but the book touches everything on a very superficial level. Though it is good example for agenda setting and PR. So I'll use it for my Public Relations class.
1925ല് ഡോ. കേശവബലിറാം ഹെഗ്ഡേവാര് സ്ഥാപിച്ച രാഷ്ട്രീയ സ്വയംസേവക സംഘത്തിന്റെ നിലപാടുകളെ കഴിഞ്ഞ 30 വര്ക്കാലത്തെ അനുഭവങ്ങളെ മുന്നിര്ത്തി വാള്ട്ടര് കെ ആന്ഡേഴ്സണ്, ശ്രീധര് കെ ദാമ്ലേ എന്നിവര് ചേര്ന്നു നടത്തുന്ന അന്വേഷണമാണ് The RSS: A View to the Inside എന്ന കൃതി. RSSന്റെ ആദ്യകാല ചരിത്രത്തിലേക്കെന്നതിലുപരി കഴിഞ്ഞ കുറച്ചു ദശാബ്ദങ്ങളായി ഇന്ത്യയില് ഹിന്ദുത്വ പ്രത്യയ ശാസ്ത്രത്തിന് വര്ദ്ധിച്ചുവരുന്ന ജനസ്വാധീനത്തെക്കുറിച്ചും അത് സംഘടനയ്ക്കുള്ളില് സൃഷ്ടിക്കുന്ന പൊരുത്തക്കേടുകളെക്കുറിച്ചും ഉള്ള പഠനവും കൂടിയാണ് ഇത്. ഇതേ രചയിതാക്കള് തന്നെ ചേര്ന്നെഴുതിയ The Brotherhood in Saffron എന്ന കൃതിയുടെതുടര്ച്ചയായി വേണം The RSS: A View to the Inside നെ കാണാന്.
വീര് സവര്ക്കര് നിര്വ്വചിച്ച ഹിന്ദുത്വത്തില് നിന്ന് സംഘടന കാലാനുസൃതമായി മാറിയിട്ടുണ്ട് എന്നതാണ് ലേഖകര് മുന്നോട്ടു വയ്ക്കുന്ന ഒരു പ്രധാന നിരീക്ഷണം. ഭാരതത്തെ പിതൃഭൂമിയായ പുണ്യഭൂമിയായി കരുതുന്നവരാണ് ഹിന്ദു എന്ന നിര്വ്വചനത്തില്നിന്ന് ഹിന്ദുത്വമെന്നത് കേവലമായ രാജ്യസ്നേഹം മാത്രമാണെന്ന വിശാലമായ വീക്ഷണത്തിലേക്ക് സംഘടന മാറിയിട്ടുണ്ടെന്ന് അവര് വാദിക്കുന്നു. ഈ നിലപാടു മാറ്റം സാമാന്യ നീരീക്ഷണത്തില് പ്രതിഫലിക്കുന്നില്ല എന്നത് മറ്റൊരു യാഥാര്ത്ഥ്യം. ഒരു രാഷ്ട്രീയ സംഘടനയല്ലെങ്കിലും പൂര്ണ്ണമായ പിന്തുണ നല്കുന്ന ഭാരതീയ ജനതാ പാര്ട്ടിയെ അധികാരത്തിലെത്തിക്കാനായുള്ള താത്കാലികമായ നിലപാടു മാറ്റമായേ അത് പൊതുസമൂഹത്തില് പ്രതിഫലിക്കുന്നുള്ളൂ. തന്നെയുമല്ല, സംഘടനാ നേതൃത്വം പുതുക്കുകയും തിരുത്തുകയും ചെയ്യുന്ന പല നിലപാടുകള്ക്കും അതിന്റെ അടിത്തട്ടില് വേണ്ടത്ര സ്വീകാര്യതയുണ്ടാകുന്നില്ല എന്ന് ലേഖകര്തന്നെ ചൂണ്ടിക്കാട്ടുന്നുമുണ്ട്. ഇതരമതസ്ഥരെ അന്യവല്ക്കരിച്ച്, അവര്ക്കുനേരേ ആയുധങ്ങളുമായി കൊലവിളി നടത്തി, വെറുപ്പിന്റെ വസൂരി രോഗാണുക്കള് പടര്ത്തിയ പലരും ഇതേ ആശയധാരയുടെ നേതൃത്വനിരയില് പ്രവര്ത്തിക്കുന്നവരാണെന്നത് ചൂണ്ടിക്കാണിക്കപ്പെട്ടിട്ടുമുണ്ട്. അവരുടെ പല പ്രസ്താവനകളും നമ്മുടെ മതേതരരാഷ്ട്രത്തില് സൃഷ്ടിക്കുന്ന സന്ദിഗ്ദ്ധതകളേയും ഭീതിയുടെ അന്തരീക്ഷത്തേയും കാണാതിരുന്നുകൂടാ.
അതി ബൃഹത്തായ സംഘടനാരൂപമാണ് RSനുള്ളത്. 36 അനുബന്ധ സംഘടനകളുള്പ്പെട്ട സംഘപരിവാരം. അതില് പല സംഘടനകളും തീവ്രമായ വംശീയ കാഴ്ചപ്പാടുകള് പുലര്ത്തുന്നവ. പലതും പരസ്പരം പൊരുത്തപ്പെടാത്ത ആശയഗതികള് കൊണ്ടു നടക്കുന്നവ. ദേശീയതലത്തില് അധികാരം ലഭിച്ചതോടെ ബി ജെ പിയുടെ നിലപാടുകള്ക്കനുസരണമായി, ഭരണം നിലനിര്ത്തുന്നതിന് പല സംഘടനകളേയും ചര്ച്ചകളിലൂടെ നിയന്ത്രിക്കുകയും മുന് നിലപാടുകളെ മറക്കുകയും ചെയ്യേണ്ട ഗതികേടിലേക്ക് RSSഎത്തിപ്പെടുകയും ചെയ്തു എന്നതാണ് യാഥാര്ത്ഥ്യം. അധികാരത്തിനുവേണ്ടി എന്തു വിട്ടുവീഴ്ചയ്ക്കും തയ്യാറാകേണ്ടിവരുമ്പോഴുള്ള ഗതികേടാണിത്. ഇത്തരത്തിലുള്ള പ്രശ്നങ്ങള് പരിഹരിക്കാന് മാത്രമായി പ്രത്യേക സമിതിക്ക് രൂപം നല്കേണ്ടി വന്നു RSന്.
ഗോമാംസം കടത്തുന്നത് നിയമപരമായി നിരേധിക്കുകയും ഹിന്ദി ഹൃദയഭൂമിയില് ഗോരക്ഷകര് അഴിഞ്ഞാടുകയും പലരേയും കൊല്ലുകയും ചെയ്യുമ്പോഴും വടക്കു കിഴക്കന് ഇന്ത്യയില് രാഷ്ട്രീയ നിലനില്പ്പിനു വേണ്ടി ഈ നിലപാടുകളൊന്നും ബാധകമല്ലെന്ന് പറയേണ്ടിവരുന്നത് അവസരവാദമല്ലാതെ മറ്റെന്താണ്? RSSന്റെ ശാഖകളില് പുരുഷന്മാര് മാത്രം പങ്കെടുക്കുമ്പോള് അമേരിക്കയില് നടക്കുന്ന സമാനമായ ഒത്തു ചേരലുകള്ക്ക് അത് ബാധകമാകുന്നില്ല. ഇത് നിലപാടുകളിലെ പുരോഗതിയല്ല. മറിച്ച്, അങ്ങനെയല്ലെങ്കില് അവിടെ യോഗമേ നടക്കില്ല എന്ന തിരിച്ചറിവിലുണ്ടാകുന്ന ഒത്തുതീര്പ്പു മാത്രമാണ്. ഇന്ത്യയുടെ സാമ്പത്തിക നയത്തെക്കുറിച്ച് അധികാരത്തിലെത്തുന്നതുവരെ പറഞ്ഞ എല്ലാ കാഴ്ചപ്പാടുകളും മറന്ന് നവഉദാരവല്ക്കരണനടപടികള് ഏറ്റവും ശക്തമായി മുന്നോട്ടുകൊണ്ടുപോകുന്നതും മറ്റൊരു ഉദാഹരണം.
വാള്ട്ടര് കെ ആന്ഡേഴ്സണും, ശ്രീധര് കെ ദാമ്ലേയും തങ്ങളുടെ മുന് ഗ്രന്ഥത്തേയും RSന്റെ പ്രസിദ്ധീകരണങ്ങളേയും അതിന്റെ നേതാക്കളുമായി നടത്തിയ അഭിമുഖങ്ങളേയും മാത്രമാണ് ഈ കൃതിക്ക് അവലംബമാക്കിയത് എന്നത് വലിയൊരു ന്യൂനതയായി നിലനില്ക്കുുന്നു. പ്രത്യയശാസ്ത്രപരമായി വിമര്ശനങ്ങളെക്കൂടി ഉള്പ്പെടുത്തി സമഗ്രമായ രചനയാക്കുവാനുള്ള ശ്രമം ഉണ്ടായിട്ടില്ല. അതുകൊണ്ടുതന്നെ ഈ കൃതി പകരുന്നത് ഏകമുഖമായ കാഴ്ചപ്പാടു മാത്രമാണ്.
വികസനത്തെ പിന്തുണയ്ക്കുന്ന ഭരണകൂടം എന്ന ബി ജെ പിയുടെ അവകാശവാദം എന്താണ് വികസനമെന്ന ചോദ്യം വീണ്ടും വീണ്ടും ഉയര്ത്തിക്കൊണ്ടേയിരിക്കുന്നു. അന്നന്നത്തെ അധ്വാനം കൊണ്ടു മാത്രം അന്നം കണ്ടെത്തുന്ന സാധാരണക്കാരനെ മറന്ന് കോര്പ്പറേറ്റുകള്ക്ക് എല്ലാവിധ സൗജന്യങ്ങളും സൗകര്യങ്ങളും ചെയ്തുകൊടുക്കുന്ന വികസനസങ്കല്പ്പം ചോദ്യം ചെയ്യപ്പെടുകതന്നെ വേണം. സ്വദേശി സങ്കല്പ്പത്തില് കെട്ടിയുയര്ത്തിയ RSSന്റെ സാമ്പത്തികസങ്കല്പ്പങ്ങള്ക്ക് കടകവിരുദ്ധമായ നിലപാടുകളെ അധികാരത്തിന്റെ സൗകര്യങ്ങള്ക്കായി അവര്ക്ക് അംഗീകരിക്കേണ്ടി വന്നിരിക്കുന്നു. ഫാസിസമെന്നത് കേവലമായ കോര്പ്പറേറ്റുവല്ക്കരണമാണെന്ന് തെളിയിക്കപ്പെട്ടുകൊണ്ടിരിക്കുന്നു.
മനുഷ്യന്റെ ദൈനംദിന ജീവിതവുമായി യാതൊരു ബന്ധവുമില്ലാത്ത വംശീയവും വൈകാരികവുമായ ആശയങ്ങളെ ഉയര്ത്തിപ്പിടിച്ച്, ആള്ക്കൂട്ടത്തെ തെരുവിലിറക്കി, കാലങ്ങള് നീണ്ട കൃത്യമായ ആസൂത്രണത്തിലൂടെ അജണ്ടകള് നടപ്പിലാക്കി അധികാരത്തിലെത്തിയ വെറുപ്പിന്റെ പ്രത്യയശാസ്ത്രത്തിന് മാനവികതയുടെ മുഖം നല്കി മനോഹരമാക്കാനുള്ള ശ്രമം രാഷ്ട്രപിതാവിന്റെ രക്തത്തില് കുതിര്ന്ന ചരിത്രത്തോട് ഒരിക്കലും നീതി പുലര്ത്തുകയില്ല.
The book offers a detailed exploration of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) and its network of affiliates, shedding light on the complexities and contradictions within this vast organization. Through this read, I gained insight into the interplay between the RSS and its numerous offshoots, such as the Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh (BMS) and the Vishwa Hindu Parishad (VHP). It's fascinating to see how these groups, while united under the larger umbrella of the RSS, often hold differing and sometimes conflicting views on various policies.
One of the book's key points is how the RSS extends its support to the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), recognizing the latter's role in advancing its vision of Hindutva. The relationship between the RSS and the BJP is portrayed as one of strategic importance, where the RSS believes that the BJP's continued political dominance is essential for the implementation of its ideological goals.
However, the book doesn't shy away from discussing the challenges the RSS faces, particularly in its attempts to include minorities while staying true to its foundational ideology of Hindu unity. This is evident in the RSS's efforts to recruit Muslims through the Muslim Rashtriya Manch, a sister organization. Despite these efforts, the book suggests that the attempt to have Muslims embrace Hindu culture alongside their identity might not be as successful as intended.
A striking example of the contradictions within the RSS and its affiliates is their stance on cow slaughter and beef consumption. While the RSS and its affiliates advocate for a ban on these practices, the BJP, in a bid to secure political support from the Christian population in Meghalaya, has refrained from imposing such a ban in the state. This highlights the pragmatic, and often contradictory, approach the BJP must take to maintain power.
The book also delves into how the RSS mediates between its affiliates to resolve internal and external conflicts, often reaching a middle ground. However, the inherent contradictions within the RSS hierarchy make these conflicts challenging to navigate. For instance, while the RSS pushes for a focus on Hindutva, affiliates like the BMS resist globalization, which is at odds with the BJP's economic policies.
In conclusion, the book is an insightful and balanced examination of the RSS and its affiliates, neither glorifying nor vilifying the organization. While it can be repetitive in some sections, it provides a nuanced understanding of the challenges and contradictions within the RSS and its relationship with the BJP. It serves as a valuable read for anyone interested in understanding the dynamics of one of India's most influential organizations.
The RSS is one of the largest non governmental organizations in the world, with over 16,000 daily shakhas (meetings) and more than 36 affiliates. The present India’s largest political party BJP is also an affiliate. The book traces the RSS’s ideological roots back to Savarkar and Hedgewar, whose emphasis on Hindu exceptionalism and moral character building gradually expanded into a more inclusive or broader platform as the organization sought national influence. Especially under Balasaheb Deoras, after the Emergency, the RSS became more politically engaged, reactive, and pragmatic in shaping its agendas. On this level, the book is useful for understanding the organizational and institutional structure of the RSS.
However, the book falls short in its analytical depth. For instance, it highlights outreach efforts like the Muslim Rashtriya Manch (MRM) as evidence of inclusivity, but fails to interrogate how limited and these initiatives actually are, and mostly are mere optics, as they have limited to no influence in policy formation. Similarly, while it notes the RSS’s longstanding advocacy of Swadeshi economics, it glosses over the contradiction that under Mohan Bhagwat, the RSS has not seriously challenged Modi’s neoliberal economic vision. And the authors explain this as mere Bhagwat-Modi personal alignment rather than offering a deeper politico-economic critique.
Moreover, the book avoids addressing the perspectives of opposing factions of RSS in Indian politics and civil society, thereby giving an incomplete view of the its contested place in India's cultural landscape. Most critically, it ignores the larger consequences of Hindutva’s rise: the surge of Hindu nationalism, the rise of hyper-partisan bhakts, the deepening polarization, and the movement’s reliance on a romanticized pre-Muslim /pre-British vision of Hindustan. These omissions make the book informative at an organizational level but half-baked in political insight.
RSS is a right of centre organization within India, with origins dating back to before the 2nd world war. Since 2014, its political affiliate, the BJP swept into power with substantial majority, and as I write this review (December 2018), their political capital seems to be in decline. My own motivation to pick up this book was to understand the origins, motivations and organizational levers, and from that point of view, the book is a superb treatise, and to an extent an eye opener in terms of RSS’s reach within various spectrums of Indian civil society. Full marks for its depth of research; 40% of the pages are devoted to notes and bibliography! However, there are a few significant lapses in the writer’s approach to the subject. Most of the material is gleaned from interviews with the RSS membership and/or sources provided by them. This gives the book a one sided picture, which for the most part, is complimentary in its take. For example, the book is replete with progressive and inclusive ideas that make it seem like an organization that has been able to keep pace with the changing needs and demographics of modern India. Those promises and pronouncements also made its political affiliate BJP come to power in 2014. Now as I write this review, a lot of those promises have been forgotten and the core ideology has reverted to a majoritarian view of ‘hindutva’, much to the disillusionment and frustration of many parts of Indian society. Another major lapse in the book is omission of its financial structure, sources of funding, cost of running this massive outfit etc. I am sure the author, should he choose to update this excellent book at some point in time, would include insights into the inherent tensions that exist within RSS that pull it in two opposite directions of ideology, economics and philosophy. On balance, 3 stars.
Would have given the book 3.5 stars but as the same is not available rounding off to 4. The book gives the detailed idea about working and structure of RSS, it is in-depth on the topic. though my only issue was the book is slightly limited as it only talks about the current scenario till 2017. The writer also talks about the BJP government and relation with RSS, explaining the ideological differences between the two. The book is an interesting read for people who are interested to know more about the functioning and ideology of the RSS, along with its influence on the current government and political structure of India.
Insight on evolving nature of RSS, from caste, religion, economics. Focus on character building of person and generating numerous political leaders. This evolution of RSS had made it relevant last 100 years and made it relevant in future also. Other parties dont have a mission and vision and we are seeing that they are on decline and would be on death bed.
Pretty academic for majority of the book. As mentioned in the intro it is a collection of case studies on how the RSS has dealt with issues, or taken a stance on issues. Like a good book I think it does not take sides on what is right or wrong, and let's the reader be the judge. Not much to recommend, but was a decent read.
3.5 🌟 A comprehensive description of RSS. Bit biased but better then other books available in the market. Many surprises for example RSS almost supported Rajiv Gandhi during Loksabha election. Book explains the reasons behind RSS involvement in politics. From considering politics a morally corrupt system to a necessity.How congress and 3 times ban played a pivotal role in the growth of RSS.
Completed reading "The RSS: A View to the Inside" by #WalterKAndersen & #ShridharDDamle. I recommend it to those who wants to understand the "non-political, religious outfit" which runs this country now, but without any accountability! Its very important to know their mindsets.
A fascinating read about the submerged iceberg that is not so apparent compared to the BJP. The writing could have been better but makes for easy reading.