Herodotus, the Seventh, Eight and Ninth Books, Vol. 1: With Introduction, Text, Apparatus, Commentary, Appendices, Indices, Maps; Part II, Books VIII and IX (Text and Commentaries)
Excerpt from Herodotus, the Seventh, Eight and Ninth Books, Vol. 1: With Introduction, Text, Apparatus, Commentary, Appendices, Indices, Maps; Part II, Books VIII and IX (Text and Commentaries)
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Herodotus (Greek: Ηρόδοτος) (c. 484 – c. 425 BC) was a Greek historian and geographer from the Greek city of Halicarnassus, part of the Persian Empire (now Bodrum, Turkey) and a later citizen of Thurii in modern Calabria, Italy. He is known for having written the Histories – a detailed account of the Greco-Persian Wars. Herodotus was the first writer to perform systematic investigation of historical events. He has been described as "The Father of History", a title conferred on him by the ancient Roman orator Marcus Tullius Cicero. The Histories primarily cover the lives of prominent kings and famous battles such as Marathon, Thermopylae, Artemisium, Salamis, Plataea, and Mycale. His work deviates from the main topics to provide a cultural, ethnographical, geographical, and historiographical background that forms an essential part of the narrative and provides readers with a wellspring of additional information. Herodotus has been criticized for his inclusion of "legends and fanciful accounts" in his work. The contemporaneous historian Thucydides accused him of making up stories for entertainment. However, Herodotus explained that he reported what he could see and was told. A sizable portion of the Histories has since been confirmed by modern historians and archaeologists.
Surprisingly straightforward for Herodotus - the last two books deal, almost uninterruptedly, with the battles at Salamis and Plataeae, respectively. The theme of Greek freedom remains supreme, but the hardships that come with it (which are so memorable in the many failed legations to other Greek poleis for help in book VII) now take the form of the commanders of individual city-states bickering over strategy before battles (to an almost unbelievable extent, given that the same commanders perform in unison in battles soon after).