I rated the book several days ago but waited to review it until I'd put some distance between myself and the material. I will often have an initial gut reaction that doesn't match with my attempt at an objective review, and given the topic, I wanted to wait. I waited. I still think it's three stars.
This book should be looked at two ways: substance and form.
As for substance: we are reading primarily about two brothers, adults in their forties, who lived (one fought, one didn't) through WWI and are now facing WWII. They are flawed, they are human, they are not very likable. They are German. The book is written by a Dane. Does that matter? I don't know.
I learned more than the average bear about World War II (and the atrocities committed) at a young age. My father did a master's thesis that involved a large residual household library about World War II...and correspondence with Albert Speer. When I was old enough to read German, I saw in one letter that Herr Speer thanked him for the Christmas card and the picture of his lovely daughter. That daughter would be me. Guy's been dead for decades and it still creeps me out. (What the hell was he thinking?)
Maybe as a result of that--and other assorted weirdness of my upbringing--I became interested in what makes people evil. This man who writes a thank you for a Christmas card was evil. That caused dissonance. I read memoirs and biographies of major Nazi figures and then Solzhenitsyn in my teens (disclaimer: my husband read all of the Gulag Archipelago, but I could only get through half of the first volume, but managed Cancer Ward and a couple of others). I digested all that and, after a little bit of life experience, decided true evil isn't committed by Hitlers or the Stalins.
That is: evil takes place every day, but we only see it when it's writ large, when Spain "conquers" South America, when Europe turns its back on Syrian refugees, when the US obliterates native populations, when Stalin and Hitler kill millions.
To me, evil is an average person, a "good citizen," turning away when he should look--and when a lot of "good citizens" do that, you get the Eastern Front and death camps, Gulags and Indian reservations. Evil is doing nothing when you should do something, when you *must* do something because it is the right thing to do. Evil is when you know there's a guy molesting kids in your church but you're too scared to report it. There would have been no Hitler without popular support. There would be no Ted Cruz without... Well, I suppose we have enough examples.
Back to the book.
Most of my reviews are of non-fiction, and most of those address, at some point, accessibility to non-scholarly audiences. Here, though, for this novel? If you don't know much about the Eastern Front, if you don't know much about the SS...well, I can't honestly endorse going and reading this novel to learn more. I can't honestly say I would want you to experience the gut-churning horror of what happened. Should you? Probably. History repeating itself and all that. Would I want you to? No. It's horrible. If you have a soul, you will want to be sick reading it. Instead, read non-fiction. You will learn the awful facts but you will not be inhabiting the heads of people who burn churches full of women and children or calculate how many Jews and Gypsies and Communists can fit in a livestock car.
If you're already familiar with the SS and/or Eastern Front, you will catch more of the book's historical nuances (and realize how toned down it is in many ways: it could have been so much more gut-churning and awful).
Putting aside history and getting to the novel itself: the problem is the main characters are not likable. The secondary characters are not likable. No one is worth your time sympathizing with. There are no heroes. There aren't even any tragic heroes. Just two men who were not heroic to begin with becoming worse. If either had been more sympathetic to begin with, it would have made a more compelling read. I think if the author had focused on one individual, it would have been a very strong novel. But that's not what we have.
There is a bit too much deus ex machina--not so much in the resolution, but in the setup. It's farcical, the way both brothers end up in the SS.
Usually in a book dealing with so many atrocities, there is at least a little humor to break the grimness of it all. Gallows humor. Not here. (Wait. I can think of one incident that is darkly funny, but it's not enough.)
Also, the pacing isn't quite right. It's in fits and starts. The early phases of the war receive too much attention, and the horrible parts--the parts that are important--receive too little. I don't know if it was an editing hatchet job or if it was poorly planned or if the author got to, say, Ukraine, and couldn't actually bring himself to write all of what happened.
All that and three stars? Yes. For all that, it's well-written, and you will want to finish it, even as you want to hurl it across the room and/or be sick.
Additionally, I pay closer attention to tone in translated novels. Here, the translator did, I felt, an amazing job in bringing the characters to life. (I didn't like them any better, but they were as vivid as they could be.)