语言的文化史：近代早期欧洲的语言和共同体

The Wiles Lectures

by Peter Burke, 彼得·伯克, 李霄翔 (Translator)

在本书中，彼得·伯克将带领我们探索从印刷术发明到法国大革命之间欧洲语言的社会与文化的历史。书面的、口头的，不断交融的、彼此竞争的……语言，作者具体而微地为我们展示了这一时代的语言纷乱而异彩纷呈的面貌。

本书所关注的一个重要问题是语言与人类共同体之间的关系，地区、教派、职业、性别乃至民族，在这些形形色色的共同体中，语言不仅是区分“他者”的工具，同样也是确认“自我”身份的途径。语言间的竞争同样引人注目。曾经至高无上的拉丁语与逐渐勃兴的地方语言之间、不同的地方语言之间争夺统治地位的竞争构成了始终伴随着近代民族国家兴起过程的文化潜流，成为近代历史进程中一条不可忽视的线索

作为当代第一流的文化史家，彼得·伯克再次展示了他贯通史学与社会科学理论的出众技巧，以及吸纳整个欧洲的宽广视野。无论是对欧洲历史与文化有兴趣的普通读者，还是关注“语言史”这一领域的专业人士，都能从本书的阅读中的得到启迪与乐趣。

Genres: History, Nonfiction, Language, Renaissance

279 pages, Paperback

First published September 16, 2004

About the author

Peter Burke is a British historian and professor. He was educated by the Jesuits and at St John's College, Oxford, and was a doctoral candidate at St Antony's College. From 1962 to 1979, he was part of the School of European Studies at Sussex University, before moving to the University of Cambridge, where he holds the title of Professor Emeritus of Cultural History and Fellow of Emmanuel College. Burke is celebrated as a historian not only of the early modern era, but one who emphasizes the relevance of social and cultural history to modern issues. He is married to Brazilian historian Maria Lúcia Garcia Pallares-Burke.

Reviews

[DS25 · Rating 4 out of 5]

Non particolarmente coinvolgente.

Questo è l'unico difetto di questo studio seminale e trait d'union tra linguistica e storia moderna. Il progresso e le differenziazioni della lingua latina, la profondità dell'influenza italiana e francese, lo sviluppo dell'irrigidimento delle grammatiche e del controllo statale (e poi nazionale) sulla lingua sono i grandi temi di questo testo. Rimane un po' in disparte, come è giusto che sia, la dinamica di definizione di comunità, che è lasciata in sospeso e definita esclusivamente con il rapporto linguistico. Ma questo non è un testo di sociologia.

[Eloi Bellés · Rating 3 out of 5]

Algunes reflexions són pertinents, la visió comparada ajuda a entendre dinàmiques generals a Europa, però no és –com han pretès alguns acadèmics de casa nostra– un llibre que et canviï substancialment la vida ni la visió de la història lingüística. Per què llegeixo això a l'agost m'ho quedo per mi.

[Scott · Rating 3 out of 5]

I enjoyed Burke's study of how early modern (1450-1789) language scholars wrote about their languages and tried to police their boundaries. He points out that elite usage provided guidance before the emergence of modern nationalism with the French Revolution, while popular usage and the interest in national languages came to be the guides in the modern period.

[Lauren Albert · Rating 4 out of 5]

Interesting look at the relationships between languages and people(s). Burke discusses the use of Latin and what happened when the vernacular started being used. He discusses the mixing of languages with individuals often using words from multiple languages. He shows the relationship of languages to nationality and place. Overall a good review of the topic.