Sophie Scholl is Germany's post-World War II secular St. Joan of Arc. Sophie didn’t lead armies or inspire a popular uprising, but she and Joan shared a devotion to religious ideals rooted in worldly struggles to achieve national redemption. Both died young—Joan was 19, Sophie was 23—as the result of pre-determined, corrupt show trials.
Sophie and her brother Hans became the most prominent faces associated with The White Rose, a resistance group in the Third Reich centered on a small group of university students in Munich. They printed leaflets and clandestinely distributed them throughout Germany. After being caught throwing them in the air during a class change in the central hallway of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, they were interrogated, faced a farcical tribunal led by the notorious Nazi judge Roland Freisler, and were executed by guillotine on February 22, 1943. Thanks in large part to the June 1943 BBC radio broadcast in which Thomas Mann first told of their exploits to a wider world, the Scholls are arguably the most well known of all the anti-Nazi resistance efforts.
Although this book is ostensibly a biography of Sophie Scholl, it is actually more of an examination of what it was like for a young person to live under Nazi totalitarianism. Robert Scholl, their father, was opposed to the Nazis from the beginning. But Hans and Sophie became enthralled supporters of Nazi youth groups after 1933 and it took some time before they agreed with him. They were devoted members of Bündisch youth groups, similar to the boy and girl scouts with an emphasis on naturalism, and worked on physical training, group activities like camping and parades, and were organized like military units. When these groups were outlawed and absorbed into the Hitler Youth, their eyes began to open about the realities of Nazi dictatorship. Hans’s devotion to bündische ideals later led to him being investigated by the Gestapo.
In a prelude to cue up the idea of Lebensraum, their school history lessons began to focus on the East: German minorities in Poland and Czechoslovakia as well as the free city of Danzig (Gdansk). They saw the rise of vicious anti-Jewish policies up close in their city, Ulm. And they felt the fear of their neighbors when an apprentice working in Robert’s accounting office denounced him for making anti-Hitler comments in private, leading to a trial and four month prison sentence. Sophie also learned about the different expectations the regime had for women and men. She spent a few years working as a nurse-maid before finally being allowed to study at the university in Munich.
For those well-versed in this story, there’s little new in this book, but it is nonetheless interesting. If I were rating it for high school students or young adults, I would have given it four stars. I can understand why this book is used in some German high schools and would recommend it to those studying German in advanced courses. One would hope that such courses would include the films Die Weisse Rose, directed by Michael Verhoven, and Sophie Scholl: Die Letzen Tage, in which Julia Jentsch’s portrayal of Sophie's last days is among the most powerful and emotional performances I’ve ever seen.