An enquiry into the physical basis of consciousness
This book is a part autobiographical and parts an enquiry into the physical basis of consciousness. The author was influenced by his high school sweetheart who died at the age of 16 due to leukemia. This had profound effect on his scientific and spiritual life which made him to participate in this odyssey of seeking the truth. Sometimes it makes an interesting reading when he reminisces about his high school days in the middle of a discussion of quantum physical phenomenon. The book is somewhat technical and requires undergraduate level physics for a clear understanding. Some chapters use significant amount of physics and in some parts fair amount of neurobiology is also required. Sometimes it is difficult to read because these two diverse subjectsare widely used in discussions. The take-home message of this book is summarized below:
The author broadly describes consciousness as all things in totality (associated with everything in the universe) and it is also reality, but does not define specifically because the definitions and delineations require objective demonstrations. Consciousness is affected by matter or by events in the physical world; therefore consciousness originates from non-physical contact with physical reality that could be described by all fundamental things that makeup physical world. This may be understood with the Schrödinger equation and Einstein's relativity; if consciousness is tied all at once to all physical reality that the Schrödinger equation suggests or tied to space, time, mass (energy), or one of the four forces. The author discusses the importance of each concept and concludes that consciousness could not be tied directly to any of these constructs of the physical world, but it could be linked by quantum physical process at the synaptic junctions of nervous systems. Two parts of the nervous system are considered; the nerves and the synapse, it is at the synapse where an estimated 23.5 trillion neural connections exists and where the information from nerve to nerve passes or fails to pass. Here is where the mind-brain contact exists; here is where data of our senses are processed and refined in the brain. Synapses interact through quantum tunneling mechanism, the author concludes. As the electron and synapse interact to produce quantum potentialities, the state vectors; the consciousness emerges through this, and it is these branching and interlaced collections of quantum potentialities weaving together possibilities that we experience as consciousness. By selecting which synapse will fire, consciousness turns this into an individual will (when an observation takes place, one synapse collapses to one state in association with consciousness thus leading to will). Subsequently mind brings into reality each moment of thoughts, experience and actions. It is suggested that there is no space, time or matter (energy): The conscious observer creates the spacetime and matter from his conscious mind, the quantum mind is the first cause, time-independent and non-local. The concept of individual identity emerges naturally through quantum consciousness when brain-mind functions transition to consciousness and thus a new identity is acquired. The author uses both Vedanta (Hindu philosophy) and Buddhist philosophies considerably in his discussions.
In the final analysis, the author concludes that life, thought, and consciousness are three separate things. An organism does not have to have consciousness to be capable of thought, because a computer (data processing and computing) is capable of thought. Consciousness may exist somewhere without being a part of either a part of living body or data processing system, because they are consequence of one or more quantum mechanical events. These events are mediated by infinite number of discrete, conscious, and non-thinking entities: These conscious entities determine each quantum mechanical events.
The idea that consciousness need not be a part of living entity is controversial. Secondly the author fails to consider the fact that computers and software run machines are programmed by human beings, at least in the early stages of development. Many unicellular and multicellular organisms (and plants and trees) do not have central nervous systems or brains but they independently run their own lives. The body functions according to laws of nature, but body/mind direct motions, foresee alternative effects that may be fateful for its existence, and face the consequences. The conclusion that "I" be it an animal or a plant is used in the widest meaning of the word, which means to state that, I who control the motion of the molecules according to the laws of nature. I reproduce or give birth or create another living being like myself. I can be consequential to the fate of another living species, hence I am special, the personal self equal the all-comprehending- eternal-self. The Upanishads states that Atman is equal to Brahman, and consciousness is never experienced in plural but only in the singular. If consciousness of different people are different, then each individual has a separate soul (plurality of souls), but plurality is merely a series of different aspect of one soul and one conscious, produced by the deception of Maya. This is same as illusion produced in a gallery of mirrors.