Federico Garcia Lorca, on his birthday June 5
“The artist, and particularly the poet, is always an anarchist in the best sense of the word. He must heed only the call that arises within him from three strong voices: the voice of death, with all its foreboding, the voice of love and the voice of art.”
― Federico García Lorca
Poems charged with dark energies, dreams, mysteries, a strange and personal symbolism, a guerrilla theatre of resistence, songs of death and tragic passion, and all beautifully written, an aesthetics of surrender to the abyss of oneself; Federico García Lorca unlocked the door of our world and signaled a way of escape from our prison.
As a poet and musician he is foremost a lyricist of the Flamenco music of Andalusian gypsies, transforming the traditional folk music of outcasts and peasants into what is now celebrated as the national music of Spain; he gave voice to the peoples' songs of suffering, tragic love, and death, the passion and anguish of the guitar. That the guitar has become the primary instrument of popular music owes some debt to Federico García Lorca.
Poet in New York and Season in Granada, and the revised translations in Selected Verse, all studies of the great Lorca scholar Christopher Maurer, collect the relevant poems and prose, and together provide a great overview of his work. Though it is his third art, drama, and the great achievement of The House Of Bernarda Alba, that got him killed on Franco's orders, and for which he is revered as a hero and martyr in the cause of freedom.
In Search of Duende, his 1933 Buenos Aires lectures in support of his direction of the premiere of Blood Wedding, describe his ars poetica as beginning where the limits of reason end, and to me sound very Jungian. Rereading it a few days ago I kept referencing James Hillman's book on Pan and the Nightmare. If Surrealism is an artistic experiment in immersion in dreams and the collective unconscoius, Lorca is clearly among them.
Of his plays, my favorite is of course the fantastic Surrealist work written for his friend and unrequited love Salvador Dali, When Five Years Pass. As a love letter, it certainly has the virtue of being unique.
Sebastian's Arrows: Letters and Mementos of Salvador Dali and Federico Garcia Lorca chronicle this relationship, also the subject of the film Little Ashes. I have always thought Saint Sebastian represents what is most noble and truly beautiful in our humanity.
Do read the marvelous and strange novel in which he is cast as the main character, The Ingenious Gentleman and Poet Federico García Lorca Ascends to Hell by Carlos Rojas.
Then there are the three tragedies of rural Spain for which he is celebrated; Blood Wedding, Yerma, and The House of Bernarda Alba.
Blood Wedding, depicting a vendetta among rival gypsy clans of Andalusia, the first of his innovating and masterful dramatic trilogy on Spanish historical culture and character, an exquisitely wrought theatre of tragic passion and poetic force.
Yerma is a fable of disempowered feminine nature and the struggle for self-ownership against social control, in which a woman's infertility echoes that of the land under a despotic patriarchy.
But it is The House Of Bernarda Alba which will live forever as an incontestable masterpiece, a song of freedom from the depths of Franco's tyrannical prison-state, resonant with the hope of liberty, a magnificent play wherein we the audience are the liberty bell which is struck, ringing. And this sound gathers force as it spreads outward, across gulfs of time and place to bear the message on.