Because databases often stay in production for decades, careful design is critical to making the database serve the needs of your users over years, and to avoid subtle errors or performance problems. In this book, CJ Date, a leading exponent of relational databases, lays out the principles of good database design. Database Design and Relational Theory investigates denormalization, implicit dependencies, redundancy, and many other topics. DBAs will produce better designs and keep their data centers running better through the ideas conveyed in this book. Questions that this book answers include:
What is Heath's Theorem, and why is it important? What is The Principle of Orthogonal Design? What makes some JDs reducible and others irreducible? What is dependency preservation, and why is it important? Should data redundancy always be avoided? Can it be?
Christopher J. Date (born 1941) is an independent author, lecturer, researcher, and consultant, specializing in relational database theory. —from wikipedia
It's not a dry database textbook. it's not beginner friendly though. It assumes you know about the basics like the NFs and the redundancies. The approach is mathematical and very much grounded on author's experience. I like how I can consider this a foundational read in developing apps even in the age of cloud.
A bit heavy but a great read that helps to both sharpen current skills in database planning and development as well as getting a broader perspective on current perspectives of relational theory