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The Dig: Keeladi and the Politics of India’s Past

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Since its discovery in 2014, the Keeladi excavation has become one of India's most contested digs - hailed by some as proof of an urban civilization in South India and dismissed by others as political mythmaking.

Journalist Sowmiya Ashok traces the serendipitous discovery of this ancient settlement and the political storm it set off.

Her journey takes her from the earliest Iron Age sites in Tamil Nadu to the Harappan site of Rakhigarhi in Haryana and the lost port of Muziris in Kerala. Along the way, she chats with archaeologists while sweating under the scorching sun, clings to rickety platforms at a roaring jallikattu arena, and even tastes ancient pottery at an excavation site.

Blending sharp insight with humour, The Dig reveals how political battles over science and history continue to shape our understanding of India's past.

307 pages, Hardcover

Published January 1, 2025

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Sowmiya Ashok

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Displaying 1 - 14 of 14 reviews
Profile Image for Deepti Srivatsan.
Author 1 book48 followers
February 4, 2026
A compelling account of the Keeladi excavations from a journalist’s perspective. It chronicles the discovery of Keeladi, the key individuals involved and the political dynamics surrounding the archaeological findings.
The narrative unfolds like a travelogue as Sowmiya recounts her journey across the state, meeting various people, acquiring scientific knowledge, discovering Tamil Sangam poetry, learning about scripts and other relevant texts to delve deeply into the discoveries.
It is evident that Sowmiya is a proud Tamil, but there is no regional/political bias in her writing. She takes no sides.

I don’t know if it was intentional on the author’s part to highlight this, but it gave me great joy to read about the significant role women have played at every stage, from excavation teams to DNA research, legal representation and Tamil script studies. So refreshing.
I visited the Keeladi excavation site and the museum and to be honest, my first impression had been that there wasn’t much to showcase. Reading this book was like a breath of fresh air as it gave me a fresh perspective. Super informative.

Profile Image for Divya.
184 reviews17 followers
December 31, 2025
A lovely journey that’s a mix of personal and collective history, the author peppers the pages with easy humour much like the potsherds scattered across sites. With a writing style that’s easy to read, this book travels physical, temporal, and political landscapes in a way that focuses on the history itself, the discovering of our shared pasts.

The primary site in the book, Keeladi, is prominent in news media and citizen circles, in parliaments and the Tamil diaspora. It has been regularly politicised, with various manipulative narratives in the last few years by regional and central political parties. The hallmark of this book is how deftly and objectively the author presents this politicisation, leaving you wondering about what the actual truth is, what narratives are being fed when and by whom. For instance, we might miss connections or fail to detect patterns because we may be quick to associate Tamil pride with anything we discover. The author reminds us with the book that these discoveries are also about a history that is more than Tamil, beyond the Tamil pride narrative.. the history of human beings, of Indians and our origins.

I like the use of sketches instead of pictures, but I would have liked a map somewhere in the copy, to help locate the reader along the journey.
Profile Image for Gopal MS.
77 reviews27 followers
February 24, 2026
An immersive journey into the world of Indian archaeology, where the ancient, the recent past, and the present collide. It is excavated, contested, and reimagined in the service of belief and identity. The narration is crisp, perfectly laced with subtle humour, and, like the finest Far Eastern cinema, allows food to drift in as a sensorial aside. A rare, rational pleasure. Five stars.
Profile Image for Maahireads .
46 reviews3 followers
February 1, 2026
Keeladi - A small village near Madurai becomes a point of controversy when structural remains, artefacts, pottery etc. are unearthed by the ASI in 2014.

The findings of the excavation (and the things that were not found during it - something to relate them with religion or Vedic culture) put a big question mark on the "Aryan Roots" theory Indians have. I mean why is it so important a belief, that any discussion related to us being an indigenous civilization is discarded instantly?

The author made this book seem like a journey which the reader is compelled to take along with her. She tried to show us how a country where the narratives are set so hard, struggles to accept something that doesn't align with those narratives however important the new discoveries may be.

It really hurt me to see history being manipulated and archaeological findings being caught up in political and cultural debates.

We should be able to know "where did we come from" without having to succumb to these "North vs South", "Aryan vs Dravidian origins" narratives!

What I really liked about this book is that when trying to highlight the Sangam literature or the importance of Jallikattu to Tamils, she gave parallel attention to the north as well as the ancient port of Muziris in Kerala. A whole chapter is dedicated to Rakhigarhi (a crucial Harappan site in Haryana).

Despite being a Non - Fiction book, it didn't feel cumbersome. I was hooked through the entire length of the book. The author's ironic remarks and sarcasm are not to be missed!

It was a highly informative read for me and that could not be summed up in a review. So if you loved reading about Indus Valley Civilization in school, then this book is something you'd definitely find fascinating.
38 reviews1 follower
January 25, 2026
“We call it the dark age of the period of the BJP for the last 11 years. It is the dark age of the Archaeological Survey of India.” -- K K Mohammad

When the famed archaeologist KKM said this, it was bound to erupt into controversy, and the largest sitting troll army in the world left no ballistic unfired with the fusillade of misdirected, illinformed and politically bigoted hate. That politics and archaeology share a concomitant relation in complicitous ideological behaviour cannot be skipped over, and Sowmiya Ashok's 'The Dig - Keeladi and the Politics of India's Past' is an apt empirical evidence that rhymes with how the battle to secure past has grown rhetorically in the political circles that have swallowed up the cultures of diversity into an unifying model of monotonic crucible. As Sowmiya puts it in her epilogue, which I personally regards as the tour de force of her thoroughly investigated book,

"... It was hard to pin people's words down as efficiently as a potsherd unearthed from a trench could nail down a culture."

The Dig is a story of Keezhadi (Keeladi), a village near Madurai (Tamil Nadu) that sprang up the nation's consciousness over the last one decade after excavations pointed to South India's first urban settlement. This fact was unsettling for a significant majority who were then forced to compare the Indus-Saraswati-Gangetic civilization with the one lying down South, this questioning the very basis of the Vedic beginnings that the North was so enamored with. What was not intended to be a North - South debate, unfortunately took the turn and in the process sucked in some of the brightest hotshots in the field, whose ideological shifts hurt the discipline more than anything else. It's a little far-fetched to say that the fabric of archaeology in India has been torn asunder, but the direction of its movement is compelling enough to think that way.

While archaeological findings can be slow turners to motivated conscience, the case of Keeladi was (and has been) steroidic, in so far it collectively accelerated the ante against the generally accepted narrative (whether nominal or real is for others to judge) of the Gangetic plains as housing the second phase of urbanization in the subcontinent, especially after the collapse of the Indus and Saraswati Valley Civilizations. But, even more important is the fact that the excavations in Keeladi, Sivagalai and Pattanam (the last being in Kerala near the Periyar River) are dated contemporaneously with the peaking of the Sangam Literature, this lending credibility to the physicality of geographies that were hitherto liminal on mythological premises. Deep down in the South, it had always been known that the Romans, Greeks, Chinese and the Arabs had well established trade lines. But the precise locations of many of the port towns was elusive. Not just the international connections, the digs in Keeladi found punch-marked solver and copper coins, the earliest form of Indian coinage, dating back to the 6th century BCE, proving conclusively that trade did exist between the North and the South. Amarnath Ramakrishna, with an ancestry in Gujarat's Saurashtra region and now a homegrown Tamilian! (Pun Intended) was the chief excavator in Keeladi. He has been unceremoniously transferred over the years beginning 2015 to put a stop to any further excavations. As he maintains that Delhi was deliberately trying to suppress a unique Tamilian civilization because it challenged the idea of a homogeneous Indian identity. While, this might not be openly spoken about, the Tamilian consciousness is anything but far from accepting it. The politicians have conveniently played the spin doctors to give an aggressive edge to the North-South narrative of the Great Indian Epics, depending on which side of the spectrum they belonged to. This last point is corroborated with the findings at Sivagalai, where 13 Accelerator Mass Spectrometry C14 dates and 7 Optically Stimulated Luminescent dates proved that forged metal in the form of iron was a compelling evidence to declare that Sivagalai was the oldest iron age site in the world, including those in Anatolia Turkey, China, and even closer to home in Telangana and Uttar Pradesh. This statement by the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, Stalin with immense pride and satisfaction that iron age began on Tamil soil was an attack on those who mocked that literature could never become history.

The dubiousness of archaeological practitioners that were sticklers of the interpretation that Vedic literature could not have come from Central Asia, has harmed the discipline of archaeology by not considering outliers. Those who advocated outliers were shuffled around across various archaeological circles, Amarnath included. This has been intellectually frustrating, and the case in point is Vasant Shinde from Pune's games Deccan College. This top-notch excavator has shown enough strands of Right-Wing affinity to dub the field more bureaucratic than is healthy. While still hazy, there is a growing consensus that the Harappans must have spoken some flavour of Dravidian language, the theory that the Indo-European languages must have encountered a Out of India migration father's stream as a result of this conjectures, and filled the Aryan Invasion Theory somewhat. Whether the people who built Keeladi are descendants of the people who may have migrated South when their civilization went into terminal decline in the second millennium BCE or whether they had been here already remains unclear. Either ways, it deepens the divide between the discursive North and South.

Sowmiya Ashok's book is a daring dig in the field getting controversial by the day, and is only the prologue for spate of literature likely to invade is in the near future. There is humor spiced throughout the text, but on the whole, it is a severely serious work pointing to a sense of things to come. As a journalist, Sowmiya humbly accepts her lack of training in archaeology, but her travels nevertheless paint a vivid picture and the travails she must have undertaken to research her treatise, which are adventurous underline the sincerity of the work. I did expect some gastropolitics along the way, thanks to her teasing delicacies on her sojourns, but, they seldom converted the decent start. Anyhow, the book is accessible in prose and a real page turner.
816 reviews58 followers
March 7, 2026
Why do origin stories matter so much to humankind? Was there a temple under a mosque? Did Vedic culture come from outside of the Indian geography? Which is older, the Classical Age of North India or the Sangam Age of the South? Were there connections between the Harappans and the Iron-Age settlements in the South?
The politics of identity cloud the history we write.
When the news of the Keeladi excavation began to gain traction in 2015, it unearthed a tsunami of interest in archeology in the Tamil heartland. For the first time, there was real proof that the urbanisation of the Magadha period in North India had an unconnected counterpart in the South. The origins of Tamil civilization was pushed back 2600 years. And then came the Iron Age site of Sivagalai - soil samples and rice husks in urns there dated back to a period almost contemporaneous to the Harappan civilization, pushing back Tamil antiquity nearly 5300 years.
It is an amazing story that journalist Sowmya Ashok writes. Meeting archeologists, DNA specialists, people working on the field, common folk, ministers and bureaucrats and traveling from Keeladi to Mayiladumparai to Pattanam in Kerala (Muziris), she crafts a history lesson that is being updated to the current day. She quotes beautiful Sangam poetry that helps interpret archeological findings and even attempts to learn Tamili, the Tamil-Brahmi script that is distinct from its contemporaneous Prakrit-Brahmi.
As Ashok recounts the fascinating findings enriched by DNA research and radioactive dating, she also writes of the incredible pressure faced by these specialists both from resurgent Tamil pride and a Hindutva-driven agenda at the center. As she says, "..with the State acting as the custodian of how our past is studied and remembered, over time, these stories have become political games to capture who is indigenous to this land."
The book is hugely informative. The non-chronological narrative can be a bit confusing, but what you are finally left with is a sense of awe for an ancient culture that reverberates across time and space, and deep respect for the "quiet heroes" who are working to discover how we came to be the people we are today.
A big, big recommend.
Profile Image for ishhreads.
240 reviews15 followers
January 5, 2026
The Dig – Sowmiya Ashok

“A land where the very breath, song and sacrifice of its people have bound to the Tamil Language”.

Everywhere, it’s about Keeladi. The identity of ancient roots just found in the southern region of India. A decade back, this happened. A team was sent to trace the origin of our history from the Stone Age, under the leadership of Amarnath. He was the sole reason for the excavation. And suddenly, they transferred him to somewhere in the northern part of India. You lay the foundation for it, and the Centre can’t digest it anymore. That’s the result for Amarnath. Definitely, it’s political in many ways.

Every detail the author has researched, and the travel over the years, has been beautifully put into the book. More than the political aspect, it’s about ancient history in the soil being covered, and it should be known to everyone. What I loved was her sarcasm along with the story flow. That’s where the book stood out for me. I never felt bored throughout the whole journey along with her travel. She has split the journey into two parts. The first part is about how it started, and the second part is more about archaeological work. It has a beginning, and there is no end — it’s even more about what’s to come.

I even happened to know more than what school books preached to me. One chapter I was completely obsessed with was about DNA; it was purely new to me. Lastly, I watched her interview — it was so good, and I wish it had extended some more. To simply say: a rare book that delivers the important history behind the ancient world underneath. I have shortened myself so that you can read and know Keeladi. Definitely a must -must read from my side.
237 reviews5 followers
February 23, 2026
Sowmiya Ashok's The Dig: Keeladi And The Politics Of India's Past is an interesting book. As the title suggests, it focuses on Keeladi, a historical settlement found in Tamil Nadu, that may even predate the far more famous Harrapan Civilization sites.

While archeologists thronged the site, so did politicians; and its discovery in 2014 led to a further deepening of the discord between India's North and South.

Language, culture, ancestry and questions of Dravidian vs Aryan were all thrown in the melee and instead of celebrating something that could rewrite history we seem to have gotten lost in the politics of it all.

In this book, information about the site shares equal space with the controversies around it and it makes for a good, if not, necessarily deeply engaging read.
58 reviews1 follower
January 11, 2026
I picked up this book hoping to read more about Keeladi—but it turned out to be much more expansive. Keeladi final report is not yet published by ASI (as mentioned in the book). In that sense unfinished book. May be scope for a sequel:) Or I wonder the rush to publish the book was to put a voice that may counter with what is coming or a sponsored propaganda.

The book explores a range of archaeological digs across India, weaving them into a broader narrative.
The author also takes a few subtle “digs” at the current state of the ASI, which added a layer of quiet critique to the storytelling.

I enjoyed the book and especially Madurai section mutton scene.
2 reviews
January 11, 2026
I really enjoyed this book! It was exactly what I needed to dive into the Keeladi excavations and other recent Southern Indian finds. The book does a great job balancing facts with different perspectives, handling the politics of it all without getting preachy. Plus, the humor sprinkled throughout makes it an easy, satisfying read!
Profile Image for Christopher.
6 reviews3 followers
February 22, 2026
Definitely a must read for a history buff. The author not only covers about Keezhadi but covers briefly how archeology works across India. She definitely has a good sense of humour and as I read the book, it makes me want to go to Madurai and Keezhadi. Looking forward for her next work!
2 reviews1 follower
March 9, 2026
This was a very engaging and thought provoking read. It is clear that an enormous amount of work and research has gone into presenting the complex world of archaeology in a way that is accessible to general readers. The author manages to simplify difficult ideas without losing their depth.

The vocabulary, writing style, tamil movie references and occasional touches of humor make the book enjoyable throughout. Through her storytelling, it almost feels as if she is holding the reader’s hand and taking us along to excavation sites, conversations with experts and the many places she writes about. The interviews and narratives make the past feel vivid and alive, keeping me engaged from start to finish.The book also highlights how complex our history and archaeology truly are and how closely they are intertwined with politics. This makes the task of presenting facts while carefully unpacking the narratives surrounding them especially challenging. Navigating this complexity is no small feat, and Sowmya does a remarkable job of handling it with clarity and balance.

Most importantly, the book sparks curiosity about archaeology and how our understanding of the past is shaped. Informative, engaging, and thought-provoking, this is a wonderful read. Congratulations and thanks to Sowmya for such insightful work
Displaying 1 - 14 of 14 reviews

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