John Clare was an English poet, in his time commonly known as "the Northamptonshire Peasant Poet", born the son of a farm labourer at Helpston (which, at the time of his birth, was in the Soke of Peterborough, which itself was part of Northamptonshire) near Peterborough. His poetry underwent a major re-evaluation in the late 20th century and he is often now considered to be one of the most important 19th-century poets.
(This review is for the Phoenix 60p paperback edition of ‘The Shepherd’s Calendar’ by John Clare - a short anthology of four extracts from the former and a selection of his other poems).
Although Clare is only classed as a minor Romantic poet of the early nineteenth century, his writing contains strong elements of Keats, Blake and Hardy in his celebration of the natural world and the passage of the seasons.
A self-educated man, Clare’s life was one of continual poverty and odd-job labouring, eventuating in physical and mental breakdown. Despite spending his later years in an asylum, Clare continued to compose his verse and his body of work attests to his sensitivity and keen powers of observation of rural life and people.
What to say about the Shepherds Calendar. Well, it will always be on my reading shelf. You finish and start again, reading each month as it happens, letting it sink into your bones. I spent uite a bit of my child hood visiting family in the fens around Peterborough. We past through the village of Helpston, where Clare lived,regularly. My Aunt & Uncle's house was named Clock-o-clay after Clare's term for the ladybird. Clare was also finding that things were changing for the worst in his pre-industrial landscape which didn't help the black dog in his head, and its this aspect of him that i find really interesting and recognise in myself.
It feels timeless, but of course it's not. Clare's post-modern description of country life before machinery and agricultural modernisation is written to be a romanticised view of the English countryside. And it absolutely is!
I have never read another poet who captures the infinite in the minutest detail as Clare does in his observations of village life, animals, and nature herself through the seasons.
My favorite poem from this collection is Remembrances;
Summer pleasures they are gone like to visions every one And the cloudy days of autumn and of winter cometh on I tried to call them back but unbidden they are gone Far away from heart and eye and for ever far away Dear heart and can it be that such raptures meet decay I thought them all eternal when by Langley Bush I lay I thought them joys eternal when I used to shout and play On its bank at 'clink and bandy' 'chock' and 'taw' and ducking stone Where silence sitteth now on the wild heath as her own Like a ruin of the past all alone
When I used to lie and sing by old eastwells boiling spring When I used to tie the willow boughs together for a 'swing' And fish with crooked pins and thread and never catch a thing With heart just like a feather-now as heavy as a stone When beneath old lea close oak I the bottom branches broke To make our harvest cart like so many working folk And then to cut a straw at the brook to have a soak O I never dreamed of parting or that trouble had a sting Or that pleasures like a flock of birds would ever take to wing Leaving nothing but a little naked spring
When jumping time away on old cross berry way And eating awes like sugar plumbs ere they had lost the may And skipping like a leveret before the peep of day On the rolly polly up and downs of pleasant swordy well When in round oaks narrow lane as the south got black again We sought the hollow ash that was shelter from the rain With our pockets full of peas we had stolen from the grain How delicious was the dinner time on such a showry day O words are poor receipts for what time hath stole away The ancient pulpit trees and the play
When for school oer 'little field' with its brook and wooden brig Where I swaggered like a man though I was not half so big While I held my little plough though twas but a willow twig And drove my team along made of nothing but a name 'Gee hep' and 'hoit' and 'woi'-O I never call to mind These pleasant names of places but I leave a sigh behind While I see the little mouldywharps hang sweeing to the wind On the only aged willow that in all the field remains And nature hides her face where theyre sweeing in their chains And in a silent murmuring complains
Here was commons for the hills where they seek for freedom still Though every commons gone and though traps are set to kill The little homeless miners-O it turns my bosom chill When I think of old 'sneap green' puddocks nook and hilly snow Where bramble bushes grew and the daisy gemmed in dew And the hills of silken grass like to cushions to the view When we threw the pissmire crumbs when we's nothing else to do All leveled like a desert by the never weary plough All vanished like the sun where that cloud is passing now All settled here for ever on its brow
I never thought that joys would run away from boys Or that boys would change their minds and forsake such summer joys But alack I never dreamed that the world had other toys To petrify first feelings like the fable into stone Till I found the pleasure past and a winter come at last Then the fields were sudden bare and the sky got overcast And boyhoods pleasing haunts like a blossom in the blast Was shrivelled to a withered weed and trampled down and done Till vanished was the morning spring and set that summer sun And winter fought her battle strife and won
By Langley bush I roam but the bush hath left its hill On cowper green I stray tis a desert strange and chill And spreading lea close oak ere decay had penned its will To the axe of the spoiler and self interest fell a prey And cross berry way and old round oaks narrow lane With its hollow trees like pulpits I shall never see again Inclosure like a Buonaparte let not a thing remain It levelled every bush and tree and levelled every hill And hung the moles for traitors-though the brook is running still It runs a naked brook cold and chill
O had I known as then joy had left the paths of men I had watched her night and day besure and never slept agen And when she turned to go O I'd caught her mantle then And wooed her like a lover by my lonely side to stay Aye knelt and worshipped on as love in beautys bower And clung upon her smiles as a bee upon her flower And gave her heart my poesys all cropt in a sunny hour As keepsakes and pledges to fade away But love never heeded to treasure up the may So it went the comon road with decay
I admit that I struggled to read this book but this was probably because it is some time since I read poetry written in the nineteenth century and I was unused to some of the different spellings used and sentence structures. Actually, I am not sure there were sentences at all because there were no full stops at all throughout the entire poem! So, I suppose the criticism I would make is with the editing of this lyrical poem rather than with John Clare’s beautiful writing. Certain words, which to me were blatantly obvious were explained in foot notes, while others, which I couldn’t decode from the general sense of the words around were not. A fuller glossary at the end of the book would have been a useful addition to the book. As for the poem itself , I would encourage anyone with an interest in the country life of nineteenth century England to read this. A lot has changed over two hundred years but there are still aspects of life, in the way that we respond to the natural world around us that stay constant and if John Clare was alive today and had written a similar poem based on contemporary life today, I would pick it out without hesitation.
from January Now, musing o'er the changing scene, Farmers behind the tavern-screen Collect; - with elbow idly press'd On hob, reclines the corner's gust, Reading the news, to mark again The bankrupt lists, or price of grain; Or old Moore's annual prophecies Of flooded fields and clouded skies; Whose Almanac's thumb'd pages swarm With frost and snow, and many a storm, And wisdom, gossip'd from the stars, Of politics and bloody wars. (11)
from March He hears the wild geese gabble o'er his head; Then, pleased with fancies in his musings bred, He marks the figured forms in which they fly, And pausing, follows with a wondering eye, Likening their curious march, in curves or rows, To every letter which his memory knows; While, far above, the solitary crane Swings lonely to unfrozen dykes again, Cranking a jarring melancholy cry (61)
I have to be in the mood for long firm poetry. I really enjoy Clare's shorter poems but struggled with this a bit. He is at his best when describing nature and the countryside and these are the parts I loved. In other parts I found my attention wandering off. Maybe I will try again in the future?
A set of pastoral poems from the early 18th century, this collection features the well-earned observations of working-class poet John Clare. "The Shepherd's Calendar," which takes us through a village year, is the standout, collecting the seasons in a beautiful set of memories of the living landscape, with every bird, flower, and little harvest detail receiving its appropriate focus.
Clare always has the right word for the living things that surround him, and the collection does a wonderful job conjuring another place, with its own rhythms and holidays, sights and sounds. Even if the hagiography for the setting and childhood's carefree joys can be a little much (it feels like a nice snap of reality when the little buggers have to work the harvest), these verses are beautiful and worth reading in any season.
The rest of the book isn't as strong, falling more into bland pastoral visions, with stories of young love, lost romance and maidens learning their lessons. It's still fun to see the poems enmeshed in fields and holidays, the old bridges and stiles. Clare never loses his faculty for language, but my eyes certainly skimmed over a few of them.
Still, even at the end "To the Cowslip" is a nice, brief memento mori while "The Dream" is an evocative take on the Day of Judgment. The collection as a whole has its strengths, but you may not miss much if you pack it in after December calls "The Shepherd's Calendar" to an end.
Excerpts
January I still see faces pale with dreads, While mine could laugh at what is said; See tears imagined woes supply, While mine with real cares are dry. Where are they gone?—the joys and fears, The links, the life of other years? I thought they twined around my heart So close, that we could never part; But Reason, like a winter’s day, Nipp’d childhood’s visions all away, Nor left behind one withering flower To cherish in a lonely hour. Memory may yet the themes repeat, But Childhood’s heart hath ceased to beat At tales, which Reason’s sterner lore Turns like weak gossips from her door:
February The snow has left the cottage top; The thatch-moss grows in brighter green; And eaves in quick succession drop, Where grinning icicles have been; Pit-patting with a pleasant noise In tubs set by the cottage-door; While ducks and geese, with happy joys, Plung in the yard-pond brimming o’er.
February Nature soon sickens of her joys, And all is sad and dumb again, Save merry shouts of sliding boys About the frozen furrow’d plain. The foddering-boy forgets his song, And silent goes with folded arms; And croodling shepherds bend alongk, Crouching to the whizzing storms.
March He hears the wild geese gabble o’er his head; Then, pleased with fancies in his musings bred, He marks the figured forms in which they fly, And pausing, follows with a wondering eye, Likening their curious march, in curves or rows, To every letter which his memory knows:
October Such are the pictures that October yields, To please the poet as he walks the fields; While Nature—like fair woman in decay, Whom pale consumption hourly wastes away— Upon her waning features, winter chill, Wears dreams of beauty that seem lovely still.
'The Shepherd's Calendar' is a set of pastoral poems from the early 1800s written by John Clare, a native of Helpston, near Peterborough in the English East Midlands. There is one poem for each month, varying in length from six to twenty pages, written mostly in rhyming couplets. Clare describes the weather and landscape for each month of the year and then gives a series of vignettes about animal, human and agricultural life in the month in question.
Clare was a keep observer of landscape, flora and fauna and had a knack for apt comparisons that makes his poetry particularly vivid. The East Midlands rural dialect comes through clearly, but to me, this just adds to the charm. I particularly enjoyed some of the archaic words he uses - one of the reasons I enjoy traditional folk songs too.
If you need a break from the sort of poetry that goes to great lengths to describe the details of the poet's emotions, and you're looking for something that focusses on the outer world instead, you will enjoy this book. I expect that fans of Robert Frost and Wendell Berry might find a kindred spirit in John Clare too.
One warning, though - Clare uses very little punctuation, and this can make it difficult at times to figure out where sentences begin and end. I found I needed to pay careful attention to this, otherwise the images kept washing over me like a flood until they overwhelmed me. I found it helpful to read with a pencil in hand, so that I could place a mark where I thought each sentence ended.
I've been having this emailed to me in monthly installments by month. It's great, classic Clare. Love it but maybe not always the most interesting of his works.