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Moral Decision Making: How to Approach Everyday Ethics

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Whether or not we're aware of them, we make important ethical decisions all the time - as professionals, consumers, citizens, parents, sons and daughters, and friends. These 24 thought-provoking lectures offer you the chance to reflect on some of the most powerful moral issues we face in our daily lives: Is it ever OK to lie? What are our moral obligations to others? What is the key to living the good life? From Plato to Kant to Bonhoeffer, you'll see how some of the world's greatest thinkers from across the ages have approached similar problems. Professor Martin provides a complete picture of various ethical schools and approaches and applies this rich philosophical overview to "case studies" relevant to our contemporary lives. You'll explore all the ins and outs of issues such as business ethics, love and marriage, privacy and technology, genetic engineering, animal rights, and much more. Engaging stories and thought experiments bring these issues to life, showing what different philosophical theories have to say about real-world ethical dilemmas. According to Professor Martin, the trick is to understand that the mind is like a parachute; it only works when it's open. Rather than take a side in any particular debate, this course provides a framework for thinking through a host of debates and dilemmas from all sides. Through it all, Professor Martin is a sympathetic guide, helping you think through some of our most complex decisions.

Audio CD

First published January 1, 2014

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About the author

Clancy Martin

33 books101 followers
Clancy Martin (PhD, University of Texas at Austin, 2003) is Professor of Philosophy at University of Missouri-Kansas City. He works on nineteenth century philosophy, existentialism, moral psychology, applied ethics, and Buddhism.

Clancy’s writing has appeared in The New Yorker, Harper's Magazine (where he is a contributing editor), The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, The London Review of Books, GQ, Esquire, Ethics, The Times Literary Supplement, Vice (where he is a contributing editor), The London Times, Australian Financial Times, The Dublin Times, Details, New York, Elle, The Harvard Advocate, The Columbia Journalism Review, Bookforum, and many other publications. His work has been translated into more than thirty languages, including Portuguese, Korean, and Mandarin. In 2009 and 2015 Kansas City's The Pitch named Clancy their "Best Author of the Year."

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Displaying 1 - 21 of 21 reviews
2,059 reviews18 followers
January 7, 2015
This is an excellent series of lectures on moral philosophy and how it relates to a number of topics in our everyday lives. I have a background in philosophy, so much of this was not new to me, but it was presented in a clear manner, and didn't shy away from referencing the ideas of particular philosophers, but didn't push that so hard that it distracted from the moral arguments, themselves. I would highly recommend this to anyone, since anyone who could listen to and understand this lecture is a moral agent, and would find these ideas helpful in their own lives.
Profile Image for Jacob O'connor.
1,621 reviews25 followers
July 20, 2015
Clancy Martin put on a good lesson. Every moment of his lecture will have you thinking. Interestingly, he concludes by espousing a Socratic moral skepticism, which undermines the many valuable tools he'd just taught. He says, since we can't know the right thing to do with certainty, we should hold our moral positions with humility. I agree, yet Martin simply asserts that this doesn't ultimately lead to nihilism. He never shows how to escape it.

He spends some time examining the famous Euthyphro Dilemma. He overlooks the solution proposed by theistic philosophers, that we split the horns of that dilemma by understanding that moral obligations come from the character of God. The omission is troubling because this is the very thing that rescues us from the nihilism we both seek to avoid. Even so, we should practice humility. Even if the source is immutable, we're still wrestling with these laws in our human frailty.

Some notes:

Ring of Gyges

Gossiping satisfies our us-vs-them and superiority desires

Why is it wrong to give to beggars? (Carnegie)
1. teaches them that begging works
2. deprives the benefits of his potential labor
3. undervalues the significance of your money. Could have been spent more wisely.
4. once we have more than we need, we have a moral obligation to spend our money benefiting society

Charity given wisely is always worthwhile

What are our moral obligations to others? How should we treat them?
1. Golden rule

Kant's critique of the golden Rule
1. Prisoner appealing to judge
2. treat people as an ends themselves, not merely as a means

Our feelings are fickle, which is why we make promises.

Sentience is the ability to enjoy pleasure and suffer pain.

Agrees that the market is the most powerful economic change agent

Solution: Socratic moral skepticism?
Profile Image for Alexey.
172 reviews1 follower
September 21, 2020
Несмотря на то, что этика и мораль могут казаться достаточно очевидными вещами, они таковыми, разумеется, не являются. Каждый раз, когда мы сталкиваемся со сложными вопросами, рвущими шаблон добра и зла, оказывается, что мы далеко не первые, кто с ними столкнулся и кто вынес из этих столкновений что-то, чем можно поделиться с человечеством.

Moral Decision Making – это целый курс, разбитый на 24 главы, представляющий преимущественно западную морально-этическую мысль сквозь призму достаточно повседневных вопросов: «Можно ли пытать террористов, если от этого зависит прозойдет или не произойдет терракт», «Должен ли я что-то стареющим родителям», «Каковы мои обязательства перед бедными» и т.д.

Курс можно послушать в Audible в рамках серии Great Courses – это серия из 700 различных англоязычных аудиокурсов, посвященных самым разным темам – от истории кухни до антологии современных знаний о генетике. Качество, на мой взгляд, высокое, и, при этом, без особенного снобизма. Слушая Great Courses можно точно быть уверенным, что 1) ничего важного не забудут, 2) никакой вкусовщины или откровенной х…ни не приплетут, 3) авторы – интеллигентные профессоры из американских и канадских ВУЗов второго эшелона. Не суперзвезды, но для тематических обзоров суперзвезды и не нужны.

Некоторые выводы и находки:

1. Несмотря на то, что со многими (если не со всеми) этическими позициями я был уже согласен, оказалось, что я не знал многих первоисточников «морально правильной» позиции.
2. Самым крупным очевидным неочевидным открытием – было «открытие» категорического императива Канта и высшего принципа нравственности (по Канту): «поступай так, чтобы ты всегда относился к человечеству и в своём лице, и в лице всякого другого так же как к цели, и никогда не относился бы к нему только как к средству». Ну и, конечно, то, что мораль не нуждается в религии.

Различать плохие и хорошие поступки по этому принципу стало значительно проще. Ну т.е. и раньше было понятно, что если кто-то кого-то использует, то это, в принципе муда…кое поведение, но, к сожалению, в одном ВУЗе, где я учился философию преподавал динозавр материалист-диалектик профессор Лямин, для которого ничего кроме примитивного догматического марксизма в принципе не существовало. А в другом ВУЗе морали не было зато приходил священник-иезуит рассказывать о различиях между христианскими направлениями. Так что, к категорическому императиву приходилось пробираться через тернии всего этого центрально-восточноевропейского образовательного шлака.

3. Отдельно стоит отметить Кэрол Гиллиган, феминистскую философку, основоположницу «этики заботы». Гиллиган спорит с Лоренцом Кольбергом (его теория тоже была для меня открытием), предложившим иерархию стадий морального развития. Гиллиган отказывается вписывать женщин в «мужскую» иерархию морального развития и говорит, что критерии моральности у мужчин и женщин различаются. Далее цитирую по Википедии: «Если девочки остаются на конвенциональной ступени моральных рассуждений (следование моральным принципам, принятым в ближайшем окружении), то мальчики достигают постконвенциональной (руководство собственными моральными суждениями). Гиллиган не соглашается с тезисом о неполноценности женской морали, поскольку она всегда оценивалась с точки зрения «мужской» морали.

Причина различий между двумя видами морали лежит, по мнению Гиллиган, в особенностях гендерного развития и взросления. К 3 годам, когда дети начинают осознавать свою половую принадлежность, мальчики противопоставляют себя матери. Их взросление связано с возрастанием внутренней автономии. Именно поэтому ключевая моральная проблема мужчин — защита фундаментальных прав на самоопределение, решается в дальнейшем на языке права, абстрактной справедливости.

В это время девочки не противопоставляют, а отождествляют себя с фигурой матери. Таким образом, фундаментальная проблема сохранения взаимосвязи между людьми решается женщинами на языке заботы и любви. В женской этике на место абстрактным требованиям справедливости приходят «нюансы ситуаций, порождающих моральные проблемы, и уникальность людей, вовлеченных в них.

Вывод, к которому пришла Гиллиган в результате исследования, состоял в том, что женский моральный опыт не может быть адекватно осмыслен и оценен в рамках традиционных теорий развития и по масштабам традиционной этики, ориентирующих на достижение автономии личности, в качестве высшей ценности и ключевой моральной нормы признающих справедливость.

Из проведенных исследований Гиллиган сделала вывод, что женщинам чужда абсолютная мораль, и их моральные суждения, которые формулируются не на языке прав, а на языке ответственности, определяются не универсальными, а, значит, с ее точки зрения, противопоставленными жизни, принципами, а конкретными, порожденными самой жизнью во всех ее проявлениях, потребностями других людей. Именно поэтому моральные суждения женщин оказываются условными, ситуативными, компромиссными.» Отсюда: https://iphlib.ru/library/collection/....

4. При этом несмотря на феминистскую критику Кольберга, его теория также очень ценна в контексте активизма. Кольберг описывает несколько стадий нравственного развития индивида. Вот краткое изложение (по Вики, разумеется, но ): «Уровень 1. Доконвенциональный.
1. Ориентация на наказание и послушание (Как я могу избежать наказания?)
2. Наивная гедонистическая ориентация (Какая здесь польза для меня?)
Уровень 2. Конвенциональный.
3. Ориентация на соответствие ближнему окружению/малой группе (социальные нормы, модель «хорошего ребёнка»)
4. Установка на поддержание установленного порядка социальной справедливости и фиксированных правил (Мораль соответствует правилам и законам)
Уровень 3. Постконвенциональный
5. Утилитаризм и представление о морали как продукте общественного договора (социальный контракт)
6. Универсальные этические принципы (собственные нравственные принципы и совесть как регулятор)». Рамка Кольберга, мне кажется, подойдет для сегментирования аудитории активистских проектов, куда лучше, чем простая рамка кампейнинга «теплая/холодная/апатичная аудитория».

Начало и конец докладчик-философ из Канады Клэнси Мартин декорирует историями из Платона. Начинает с кольца Гигеса (кто бы мог подумать, что истоки Властелина колец находятся в древнегреческой морали), а заканчивает диалогом Сократа с Евтифроном, где Евтифрон ведет себя как последний антипрививочник, что заставляет меня думать, что проблемы инфопузырей и дезинформации стары как мир.

Всеми руками и ногами я советую вам послушать в оригинале или в переводе. Жить станет только интереснее, а ваш моральный компас будет меньше сбоить в кризисных ситуациях.
Profile Image for Paul.
26 reviews
December 31, 2022
Marxist decision making would be a better title. It was mostly a pseudo-intellectual approach to ethics to justify anti-capitialism. He somehow managed to blame capitalism for the tragedy of the commons - never acknowledging that 'commons' is ... communism, and they you only get the commons with government regulation and/or outright management. Even where he accepted that FA Hayek was right, he did so in passing and still concluded that collectivization is superior.

In all of his complaints about capitalism and the moral implications - when he invariably sided against it - he never recognized the hidden costs, as Hazlitt would call them. Instead, he put up straw man arguments in favor of capitalism and did a poor job of even countering those. He rarely acknowledged that freedom itself is an end, and produces superior results - except of course when he acknowledged that Hayek was proven correct. And rather than extend this finding, he held steadfast to his marxist views.

In the end, it was an exposition of poor arguments against the free market, and you'll only be left knowing that the lecturer is both anti-capitalist (he says it very well) and can't defend his views very well, but he can dress them up in sophisms splendidly.
Profile Image for Pesto.
17 reviews1 follower
September 21, 2017
Having been through a few philosophy titles, I feel that this is a solid introduction to ethics and the way we think about morality. After listening to this course we may consider answering a twinge of conscience as a pragmatist, utilitarian, or Kantian. The courses take us through a very basic understanding of these and other ethical approaches, and does a very good job of introducing these and other ethical systems. I think out of the half dozen or so explanations I've heard of Kant's categorical imperative, this course offers the easiest to understand.

So why not five stars? Well, frankly, about halfway through it's a bit of beat down. It's like watching all of the documentaries about how horrible we are as a species all at once. I'm not sure I have an that fixes this...I mean, we're talking ethics here, so we need to talk about our ethical problems. But I feel that we could have swapped out a couple of examples with less depressing scenarios.

That being said, I definitely recommend this to anyone who is looking for new ways to solve ethical and moral problems. But... spoiler alert... there are no easy answers!
Profile Image for David Parkes.
5 reviews1 follower
August 21, 2020
Fairly interesting introduction to several facets of ethical philosophy and decision making.
Each lecture is around 30 minutes

The lecturer is easy to listen to and makes each topic interesting, giving you insight from several western philosophers. There is a bias, as often there is, towards european philosophers.

The reason for the 3 stars is that it is a very basic introduction. If you have been listening or reading ethical philosophy in the past, you may find yourself treading old ground. With many of the classic hypothetical problems.

If you are a true beginner to ethical philosophy, this will be great. Otherwise, perhaps its time to delve deeper elsewhere.
Profile Image for R..
1,637 reviews53 followers
April 19, 2021
This was a very philosophy and religion heavy series of lectures. I was a little disappointed with the religion aspects of it because I wish that we could discuss things without that as a current framework, however I understand that historically various religions provided more important guidelines for behavior than they currently do and you could make an argument (maybe not a great one) about organized religions effect over the years to civilize people . . . if you believe that people have been civilized at all I suppose.

All of that aside, it was a good book and I enjoyed the thoughtfulness in which Martin led us through the journey. It was insightful and well done.
Profile Image for Kaveh.
101 reviews14 followers
September 6, 2020
Overall, I found this collection of lectures on moral philosophy enjoyable and informative.
However, I thought the introduction was rather short and imbalanced and the second half of the course, where practical topics are introduced, were chosen too randomly, and, at times, they were too specific to be useful to the broader audience.
Profile Image for Suzanne Lorraine Kunz Williams.
2,587 reviews13 followers
July 4, 2024
Thank you Clancy for writing a book that gives us moral dilemmas and walks us through ethically how to solve them, that walks us through how the great philosophers through time would have solved them. Great course on ethics. Highly recommended! I especially loved chapters two, three, nine and eleven.
Profile Image for  Cookie M..
1,414 reviews160 followers
January 23, 2024
I wrote a review and accidentally deleted it. I recommend this course, especially if there is a chance it could change your mind about your own moral philosophy and make you a little more concerned for the other people who share the planet with you.
Profile Image for David.
516 reviews
November 2, 2021
A general survey on the topic. The best part was the treatment of the subject of lying.
Profile Image for Christopher.
Author 1 book59 followers
March 22, 2022
A bit reductive and simplistic. But having read McIntyre's "After Virtue" so recently, I think any writing on philosophical questions is going to have a hard time standing up.
Profile Image for J.R..
251 reviews3 followers
March 31, 2022
I enjoy thinking about and wrestling with morality. I thought the use of everyday situations, looked at through the lens of various moral philosophers was clever.

Granted, the subject matter can be a bit nuanced and dry; this series is no different. So unless your truly fascinated and curious, I can see most people getting burned out before finishing.
28 reviews
February 8, 2023
I really liked this book. It doesn't answer any questions but it does give you ideas on how to look at situations and come to your own conclusions.
Profile Image for Heather Hoyt.
508 reviews6 followers
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October 6, 2023
A good overview.

A few notes:
Property could be happiness
Friedman: for free, competitive markets
Have to control monopolies
Building society wealth instead of personal wealth.
Protestant work ethic
Carneigie: society made our wealth, give it back to them
Peter Singer: actually gives away a lot of stuff.
Doing good isn't easy.
Kant: you can't tell what the consequences can be, so that's a poor foundation for morality
Hedonism as morality
Afterlife is scary
Epicurus, egoism
Mill, higher and lower pleasures
Profile Image for John.
249 reviews
April 24, 2016
Twenty four lectures examining the arguments proposed by various moral philosophies to address common human dilemmas. For example -- Should I give money to a panhandler? Is gossip always wrong? What is the significance of loyalty in career choices? Making optimal ethical decisions requires careful reasoning and frequently the will and courage to follow a course that feels hard. For me, there's a lot of value in considering complex moral scenarios when they're hypothetical.
Profile Image for Tom.
385 reviews33 followers
February 16, 2015
Very interesting presentation. The guide book was great, and the recommended readings were great. I enjoyed throughout, event though there are certainly points with which I disagree (but since he presented multiple sides of issues, one would probably have to disagree).

There are some excellent lessons in this; I have already started going through it a second time.
Profile Image for Larry Lowndes.
4 reviews6 followers
July 10, 2015
Engaging professor. Thoughtful questions. Lots to ponder. Very well done.
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