This is one of those books that pulled me in different directions --- from blessing by wisdom to astonishment at the seeming indifference, occasional perversity, or even cruelty of some of its subjects. This book was definitely not quite what I expected. I do not think that the way to approach this work is the way one might approach a self-help book or Bible study from some Christian book stores, but to see it as an overall whole. That may seem fuzzy or inexact, but I do think that to see this book holistically will make it of greater benefit to the reader than to focus excessively on some of the more disturbing things in it. I think that one must read each of these sections on their own, and evaluate from them what principles are most beneficial and applicable to their own spiritual journey in Christ. In other words, we're all different, and God deals with us all in different ways in accordance with how we are, how we think, and are own gifts and weaknesses. I would go so far to say that, in my opinion, this is not a book for non-Christians or for new or immature Christians, but one for those mature in their faith seeking general principles or ideas for which to take that faith to a higher level in growing yet even closer to God.
For one thing, it is not just a compendium of sayings, aphorisms, and proverbs of early Christian saints. It does have these in abundance, but it also is a series of anecdotes about them, or their comments on the sayings or acts of other contemporary prominent church fathers and ascetics in the times in which they lived.
In general, this book is a compilation of wisdom and knowledge gained over centuries by Christian ascetics and monks on their efforts to gain a closer relationship to God. This was seen by them all as a primary mission to all that they did and how they thought; however, even within this book, while in unison on this goal, one can find variances in how they went about it. In general, notwithstanding their own individual differences in how they went about it, it's safe to say that all of them sought the following:
1) Abnegation: The complete denial of all earthly needs, ambitions, and desires, and bringing all such energies into complete subjection to the will of God and the pursuit of an ever growing, closer relationship to Him
2) Asceticism: putting away money and personal possessions, and pursuit of a daily life of prayer, fasting, and meditation.
3) Humility: Presuming all others better than oneself.
4) Avoiding sanctimony and being judgmental --- judging oneself by God's standards before judging others by the standards of one's own life.
5) Prayer: Intense, fervent worship, intercession, and praise to God for extended periods of time.
6) Fasting: the denial of basic bodily appetites such as hunger and comfort --- which seemed, for most of them, to have the added benefit ironically of strengthening them against stronger, more fleshly temptations.
For example, some were hospitable to visitors and those seeking knowledge or spiritual guidance. Others in here were not --- some being so isolated and unapproachable that, for some --- such as St. Arsenius -- I almost wondered, at times, if they were hiding an antisocial personality disorder beneath a cloak of piety. Some willingly gave out there wisdom and spiritual observations, some only reluctantly did so. Some having reached a very high plain in their commune with God received the gifts --- apparently when it served God's needs at a specific point in time --- of being able to perform miracles or see into the future, yet even these did so with reluctance --- so fearing that the attention of the public or the praise of men might build up their own pride and arrogance, thereby, breaking their link with the grace of God.
As I related earlier, there are shocking things in this book. If you are expecting this book to be a hagiography, then get ready to be disappointed. Yet, one shouldn't be --- these Desert Fathers, in their own words, are frank about their own weaknesses and deficiencies. That they relentlessly sought closer fellowship with God is not to say that they were always perfect or saintly every step of the way in this regard. In one story, a man abandons his wife and children to go to the desert and live as a hermit --- presumably leaving them destitute --- only taking in his own son when a great famine hits. In others, some of these fathers seem excessively misogynistic or unwilling to be with children even to give them a blessing ---- as if, having achieved some stable spiritual level, having these enter their hermetically sealed environment could destroy it. In still some more, the fathers or their disciples seem to have been especially troubled by frequent battles with sexual desires --- including some that may have been deviant --- such as homosexual or pedophilic. Astonishing, surprising --- yet it should not be ---- as they were as much products of the societies in which lived as anyone else was back then --- yet, to their credit, to gain the upper hand over them, these men removed themselves from the rest of society, and devoted the rest of their lives to service to God and to the destruction not just of these, but of all the fleshly desires and appetites.
For the standards of these desert fathers did not go by the standards of the Greco-Roman-Egyptian societies in which they lived, but, by one much higher. If the guard rails of their society permitted people to go even as far as such things as gluttony, fornication, and even pederasty, these men separated themselves from that society, and resolved to bring all appetites --- hunger, thirst, entertainment, sexual, rest, comfort -- into complete subjection to God, and this book relates via their sayings and anecdotes about them how they went about this -- as well as the challenges they faced in doing so.
In the modern society of today, it would be highly difficult to do exactly as these men --- and a few women --- did; however, I do think it does provide food for thought. The consumer Christianity of today, often lax, flabby, and sluggish, often trying to conform as much to secular society as possible, while still going through the motions of seeking Christ, can only take one so far. If the goal is something better, something of a more close, deeper relationship to God, the principles of denial of the flesh, of more prayer, of taking more time to spend alone in communion with God, of fasting, related in this work, may provide some with a means of taking their Christian walk to a higher level.