Jump to ratings and reviews
Rate this book

A Political Philosophy

Rate this book
Over the past twenty years, Roger Scruton has been developing a conservative view of human beings, society and culture. The tone of this book is positive and the arguments are recommendations with the aim of convincing the reader that rumours of the death of Western civilisation are greatly exaggerated. Much of our present self doubt, argues Scruton, is brought about by the Darwinian theory of evolution. Darwin encourages us to see human emotion as a reproductive strategy. This is a perspective which Scurton attacks vehemently especially in its modern proponents- Desmond Morris and Richard Dawkins. This the author believes undermines the belief in freedom and the moral imperatives that stem from it.

224 pages, Paperback

First published July 1, 2006

29 people are currently reading
551 people want to read

About the author

Roger Scruton

139 books1,347 followers
Sir Roger Scruton was a writer and philosopher who has published more than forty books in philosophy, aesthetics and politics. He was a fellow of the British Academy and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature. He taught in both England and America and was a Visiting Professor at Department of Philosophy and Fellow of Blackfriars Hall, Oxford, he was also a Senior Fellow at the Ethics and Public Policy Center, Washington D.C.

In 2015 he published two books, The Disappeared and later in the autumn, Fools Frauds and Firebrands. Fools Frauds and Firebrands is an update of Thinkers of the New Left published, to widespread outrage, in 1986. It includes new chapters covering Lacan, Deleuze and Badiou and some timely thoughts about the historians and social thinkers who led British intellectuals up the garden path during the last decades, including Eric Hobsbawm and Ralph Miliband.

In 2016 he again published two books, Confessions of A Heretic (a collection of essays) and The Ring of Truth, about Wagner’s Ring cycle, which was widely and favourably reviewed. In 2017 he published On Human Nature (Princeton University Press), which was again widely reviewed, and contains a distillation of his philosophy. He also published a response to Brexit, Where We Are (Bloomsbury).

Ratings & Reviews

What do you think?
Rate this book

Friends & Following

Create a free account to discover what your friends think of this book!

Community Reviews

5 stars
88 (40%)
4 stars
81 (36%)
3 stars
28 (12%)
2 stars
10 (4%)
1 star
12 (5%)
Displaying 1 - 22 of 22 reviews
Profile Image for Jordan.
Author 5 books114 followers
September 29, 2020
Very good collection of addresses and essays. Favorites:

“Eating our Friends,” which develops a compelling answer to animal rights activists, vegetarians, etc along the lines of piety, in the sense of Roman pietas, which is really speaking my language;

“Meaningful Marriage,” a response to the corruption and perversion of one of the fundamental sacred institutions in human life;

“Newspeak and Eurospeak,” a critique of the bloodless, noncommittal but nonetheless imperative bureaucratese of the EU;

“The Nature of Evil,” a meditation on the otherness and otherworldliness of genuinely evil people and our responses to them;

“Eliot and Conservatism,” an insightful look at TS Eliot’s place in art, culture, politics, and religion;

and—for my money the best essay in the collection—“The Totalitarian Temptation,” a searing critique of totalitarianism, its origins, and why its politics of power and resentment appeal so strongly to people. Scruton delivered this address in 2003 but it reads like an explanation of all that has happened over the summer of 2020.

A recurring theme in all of the essays in this book is the devastation wrought by our loss of the sacred and the transcendent, and the resulting inability of alternative theories of fundamental questions—marriage as a mere contract, sex as a matter of mere consent, human beings as mere animals, all of human life and society as mere economics, or power relations, or pure meaninglessness—to answer the problems or thwart the destructive impulses that inevitably arise once we have lost those senses.

Not my favorite collection of Scruton’s essays (that would be Confessions of a Heretic, which I read earlier this year), but a dang good one. Note the five-star rating.

Highly recommended.
Profile Image for Pieter.
388 reviews65 followers
August 12, 2019
Roger Scruton may be the best-known spokesman of European conservatism. His reasoning is founded on solid ground, mild wherever he can, clear and firm wherever necessary.

This book is a capita selecta on many topics that have crossed the political agenda during the last few decades: animal rights, the role of the nation state, euthanasia, religion, totalitarianism.
Scruton observes that the nation state is under siege from two ends: multiculturalism (inflicted by postmodernist philosophers) and transnational organisations (which lack accountability). This thesis has been elaborated upon by one of his doctoral students Dr. Thierry Baudet (‘The significance of borders’). Nation states depend on national loyalty, but offer civil rights (freedom, security,…) in return. In a more fragmented society, nation states offer the solution to the problems of modern government. Referring to Chesterton, Scruton states that blaming patriotism for war is like blaming love for murder.

Chapter 2 relates to ecology. The author shows why bureaucratic regimes fail to protect nature, whereas rational self-interest (thé human trigger according to the capitalist ideology) does not help either. Local loyalty and small scale initiatives tend to work better. One should focus on the long term and aim for conservation and sustainability. Conservatism fits into this agenda as Burke earlier defined society as a social contract between dead, living and unborn.

Mr Scruton is a religious man and feels the sacred through our world: the eating festivities linked to hospitality (Iliad, The Prodigal Son), life and death and the way we respect the dead, marriage as social blessing in return for sexual fidelity, but also sacrament to let children grow up in a stable environment.

His essay on religion is my personal favourite. According to Mr Scruton, Enlightenment has failed to find any rational argument against religion. After that, he gives a brief overview of how modern philosophers view religion: Durkheim (result of social needs and emotions), Wagner (about us and the dark secrets of human soul), Nietzsche (as a cult), Darwin (as aid to survival) and Girard (as sublimated violence). Scruton concludes that religion has two functions: a ritual reaffirmation of membership and a stance to the transcendental given that humans are rational beings.

From a historical perspective, the author sees two waves of secularisation. In the 19th century, religious symbols were removed from the public sphere: civil marriage, schooling,… But although metaphysical ideas were rejected, the people still lived in a world shaped by religion via art, marriage and love. The second wave (20th century) was more aggressive. Fascist and socialist art and architecture and Western technology are no longer embedded in a religious tradition. Cities and institutions are entirely secular and religion seems only relevant in case of satire and to revolt against. Religious freedom is only allowed in the private sphere, but current man seems to forget that religion is about to tie a society (cf. the tribal connection to Islamic sects). Roman law and Christian tradition allow to separate Church and State but most of the world religions do not have such tradition and will not accept a profound secular society.

The book offers a lot of interesting thinking. Definitely worth a second reading.
Profile Image for J.A.A. Purves.
95 reviews3 followers
January 14, 2013
Scruton's book here is both challenging and provocative. He asks us to think about things in ways most other conservatives have not even begun to fathom. He even suggests that, as T.S. Eliot suggested, it is possible to think and feel in cliches. Avoiding thinking in cliches is of the utmost importance for conservatives today if they desire to have any effect whatsoever upon the fragmented modern world. Overall, this is a solid and insightful book. It is refreshing to read the thoughts of an educated conservative for once.
15 reviews
July 8, 2011
Mind-expanding. Watch this youtube video written and narrated by British philosopher Roger Scruton on "THE PHILOSOPHY OF BEAUTY" for his amusing and brilliant analysis: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hjhVaL...
Quoting Oscar Wilde and Plato, "Nothing is more useful than the useless ... the useless releases us from the tyranny of the useful" and "Beauty is a visitor from another world."
Profile Image for Antonio Gallo.
Author 6 books55 followers
January 13, 2020
Estratto da Marcello Veneziani: "Imperdonabili", Marsilio

"È morto ieri all’età di 75 anni il filosofo conservatore Roger Scruton. Nonostante fosse inglese, professore in un mucchio di università angloamericane e con una chioma rossa indisponente, da vecchia signora con pessimo parrucchiere, Scruton si è cimentato a scrivere il Manifesto dei conservatori, come fecero Prezzolini e Barry Goldwater negli anni Settanta. Ma il manifesto dei conservatori è una contraddizione in termini, perché i conservatori non manifestano, e spesso non si manifestano; raramente teorizzano, più spesso vivono i loro principi e la loro sensibilità immersi nel dolce e amaro rumore della vita. Di solito si è conservatori per indole e per senso pratico, amore della realtà, direi quasi in natura; perciò è difficile censire i conservatori se sono i primi a non dichiararsi all’anagrafe.

Lo stesso Scruton riconosce nel suo Manifesto dei conservatori che il conservatorismo non ha le sue radici in una teoria, o peggio in un’ideologia ma nel retaggio dei ceti alti, nel pacato buon senso e nelle abitudini senza pretese della gente comune; sottolineando come l’esperienza, le consuetudini, i pregiudizi, come pensava già Burke, siano il sostituto pratico della riflessione. Perché il conservatorismo, ha ragione Scruton, non è un’ideologia ma una visione del mondo. Intendiamoci, Scruton non è un pensatore politico, ha scritto lucidi saggi sulla bellezza e sull’arte, sulla scienza e perfino sugli animali. Il suo pensiero esula dai circuiti militanti, raggiunge anche i mass media e la cultura riconosciuta.

Ma è efficace il suo conservatorismo pacatamente radicale, a volte tipicamente britannico, comunque mite sia nel seguire con umile condiscendenza luoghi comuni antichi e profanati, sia nello sconcertare con naturale candore i canoni dominanti. Efficace è la sua critica a quell’ideologia che egli definisce oicofobia, l’odio per tutto ciò che è nostrano e la preferenza per tutto ciò che viene da fuori, dall’esterno, da lontano.

Difende le nazioni e le tradizioni, Scruton, ma vuol conservare anche la natura e difendere l’ambiente, elogia i doveri e le virtù passate di moda, critica l’eutanasia ed esorta a rispettare le generazioni assenti, ovvero i morti e i non ancora nati, sulla scia di Burke. Poi difende la religione dall’illuminismo, critica la neolingua e l’eurocratese e con sprezzo del pericolo si spinge ad elogiare il matrimonio, senza trombe retoriche e trombette moralistiche; arriva a rivalutare perfino l’idea più sconcertante e medievale che vi possa essere nel presente: che la sessualità sfrenata sia il cavallo di Troia in cui si nasconde Satana. Ci vuole un tale coraggio a sostenere oggi queste cose, che merita rispetto e ammirazione chi le pronuncia, a prescindere se le condividiamo o meno. Tutti invocano la nascita di un serio e sobrio conservatorismo anche da noi, a cominciare dai progressisti; ma appena appare uno come Scruton che risponde perfettamente al requisito, passa in silenzio acido ed è visto come un imbalsamatore di cadaveri.

Scruton coglie nel segno l’essenza del conservatore nel ritenere che si debba abbracciare la modernità ma in modo critico, e comunque “noi non abbiamo il diritto di distruggere la nostra eredità ma dobbiamo sempre pazientemente sottometterci alla voce dell’ordine”. Aggiungendo che nostro compito è riscoprire il mondo che ci ha dato vita e di vederci come parte di qualcosa di più grande. Magnifica semplicità di un grande progetto, felice uso di un linguaggio diretto, non ideologizzato, e dimostrazione sul campo che il buon senso nei nostri giorni rischia d’essere eversivo. Qui Scruton si fa aiutare dallo splendido pensiero poetante e religioso di Thomas Stearns Eliot.

L’essenza del conservatore è nel ritenere che il mondo non nasca e non finisca con lui, ma sia un ordito più grande, che viene dai padri e si trasmette ai figli. Il vero conservatore non si barrica in casa a difendere una fase storica, non si arrocca in un pezzo di passato, trasformando la memoria in un fortino assediato. Ma difende la continuità, combatte l’egocentrismo delle generazioni, il culto del presente; a cui oppone il passato e il futuro felicemente uniti. Il vero conservatore non è dunque un individualista; ritiene che non siamo individui ma eredi, anzi di più: eredi in gravidanza. La stessa cosa, in fondo, ha sostenuto un altro neo-conservatore, Alain Fienkelkraut sottolineando l’autorità dell’esperienza contro la barbara supremazia del presente: nel suo libro, L’ingratitudine, il filosofo sostiene che “lo sfogo prevale sul sacrificio, la rivendicazione sulla gratitudine”. E definisce la cultura “l’arte di far salotto con i morti” e tessere un legame tra i vivi e chi non c’è più.

La grande obiezione che resta in fondo irrisolta al pensiero conservatore ruota intorno alla Tecnica: fino a che punto possiamo riconoscere autorità all’esperienza degli antichi se sul piano della tecnica sono al nostro confronto bambini inesperti e balbettanti? Cosa possono insegnare a noi che sappiamo usare il pc e lo smartphone, guidiamo gli aerei e conosciamo il mondo, tramite la tv, i media e i viaggi? Che deferenza possiamo tributare a chi appare un rustico primitivo agli occhi cablati del presente? È l’unica seria obiezione alla tradizione, che può essere superata solo se si distingue la sfera dei mezzi dalla sfera degli scopi che danno un senso alla vita.

MV, Imperdonabili (Marsilio, 2017)
Profile Image for Seth.
40 reviews3 followers
June 4, 2010
This book is worth checking out for Scruton's final essay on T.S. Eliot and Conservatism. Not only does he have knowledge about Eliot's published works but he reveals Eliot as the best modernist of the twentieth century. I have similar respect for Eliot as does Scruton. Eliot is especially insightful as we consider our age of information and its unwillingness to set down a claim for culture.
Profile Image for Tim.
5 reviews1 follower
April 7, 2015
Conserving Nations *
Conserving Nature **
Eating Our Friends *
Dying Quietly (0)
Meaningful Marriage *
Extinguishing The Light ***
Religion and Enlightenment *
The Totalitarian Temptation **
Newspeak and Eurospeak **
The Nature of Evil (0)
Eliot and Conservatism (0)
Profile Image for Lázaro Junior.
38 reviews4 followers
November 1, 2021
Eu "enrolei" muito para ler esse livro. O livreiro da É Realizações me convenceu de comprá-lo na festa do livro da USP de 2019, mas só o tirei da estante mesmo em 2021. E acabei concordando com mais coisas do que gostaria de admitir. E isso é bom.

O livro é bem editado porque coloca a base da visão logo no começo (Conservação das Nações) e depois segue para temas em que pessoas não conservadoras podem concordar (temas ambientais e da indústria pecuária). Eu gostei desses capítulos e acho que seria interessante se conservadores brasileiros prestassem mais atenção nos pontos do Scruton sobre esses assuntos. Assim, poderíamos ter um debate mais razoável em que direita e esquerda poderiam concordar mais.

Compartilho algumas convicções com Scruton por ser um evangélico conservador na teologia. Assim como ele, tendo a ter, por exemplo, uma postura mais conservadora em relação à aborto e uma preocupação com questões que surgiram depois da revolução sexual dos anos 60. Difiro, no entanto, na crítica de entidades internacionais. Sou menos cético quanto ao benefício que os países podem ter delas. Basicamente, acho que se está ruim com elas, pior será sem elas.

Além disso, tenho simpatia pela análise que ele faz da secularização e dos erros que o mundo moderno tem na interpretação da natureza humana. Diferente do que percebo que acontece nos EUA e no Brasil, me parece que Scruton não embarca numa postura de guerra cultural, mas tenta alertar para o perigo de mudanças drásticas. Mesmo não concordando com tudo que ele diz, acho que essa é (ou deveria ser) a maior contribuição do conservadorismo para a política.
Profile Image for Alec Piergiorgi.
192 reviews
January 23, 2025
If you read any of Sir Roger Scruton’s writings you quickly come to understand just how deeply read and seriously thoughtful of a thinker he is. This is especially true here, with the ability to conjure up examples from European medieval times, 20th century England, and the Koran to provide support for his points. It leads to some confusion, at times you have to take from the context what these references are meant to express if you’re unfamiliar with them, but this only encourages you to read deeper.

The tone is deliberative, Scruton isn’t rushing in his prose to convince you as quickly as possible. He’s encouraging you however to take these points seriously and consider the many implications of what he’s saying. At times this leads to the pacing to be kind of dragging but at others if you become locked into his line of argument, you begin to blaze through the words.

He spends surprisingly little time looking into the contemporary political machinations of modern England. Instead he spends his time delving into the further back precepts that may under-guard his specifically English version of conservatism. Which this point, emphasized in the Introduction and in the last chapter, is critical to understanding what conservatism means to Scruton. It’s a dedication to the preservation of inherited culture as a responsibility to the unborn, of course what this culture is will depend on where you are.

My favorite chapters were probably Conserving Nations, Religion and Enlightenment, Newspeak and Eurospeak, and Eliot and Conservatism.
Profile Image for Arthur.
3 reviews2 followers
January 21, 2022
Uma boa introdução para o conservadorismo inglês, me fascinou quando li - principalmente nos primeiros capítulos. No entanto, talvez por ser introdutório, muitos conceitos fundamentais são introduzidos e pouco explorados, o que deixou a sensação de que o autor ainda precisaria me convencer mais dos seus argumentos.

Scruton foi não apenas um grande erudito - como se vê pela qualidade da sua escrita - como também um homem muito inteligente. Por isso, apesar de a forma se sobressair ao conteúdo (na minha irrelevante opinião), o autor me instiga a querer ler ainda mais sua obra e a de outros conservadores... Talvez, principalmente, por discordar (hoje)?
Profile Image for Grant.
623 reviews2 followers
December 1, 2021
Even though I disagree with Roger on almost everything, this is an important read at gaining insight into the thought process of people who lack empathy and how they justify their ideology whilst also offering some sporadically decent critiques of progressives. There are misreadings of Orwell, self aware wolf moments and the inability to understand basic logic whilst spewing a level of ignorance masked in slightly eloquent words. It’s a game of hide the ball written by someone who’s delves in sophistry and polemics in an attempt to frame narratives to justify some terrible beliefs.
Profile Image for Lucas Magrini Rigo.
168 reviews4 followers
June 10, 2019
Outra obra incrível de Roger Scruton. Os capítulos já são raciocínios ótimos em si, mas fica melhor ainda ao decorrer do livro quando percebe-se que os primeiros capítulos constroem a base para os finais. Como a própria contracapa diz, você pode até discordar da conclusão do autor, mas os argumentos apresentados são inegáveis.
Nesta obra, como de costume, Sir Roger Scruton encontra as agulhas nos palheiros ao expor as verdades escondidas em meio às mentiras ideológicas.
Profile Image for Jarl.
93 reviews4 followers
January 7, 2020
Absolutely brilliant. This book is a thrilling read. Scruton writes suggestively and brings to the table facinating perspectives on a whole variety of topics. I especially enjoyed the two last chapters of this book. And in general it's intriguing to see how the book seems to have an overall message that the different issues are evaluated by:

We need to find a home in this world, redeem its faults and fend off the threats to this sense of home that want to turn us into strangers and aliens.
Profile Image for Jack Goldman.
60 reviews
September 26, 2025
Fantastic and every bit as good as 'How to be a conservative'
Here the depth of Scruton's thought is clear, taking influence from Sociology to Anthropolgy and then all the way back to old school philosophy.
I took a slow time to start this weirdly I admired the first few chapters (the first one nationalism was great actually) but I was slow, i wasn't 'in love' but then you get about half way through and its a page turner.
Profile Image for Daniel.
Author 16 books97 followers
December 25, 2020
A useful collection of essays. The chapter entitled "The Totalitarian Temptation" is very relevant to the current climate.
Profile Image for Arash Ahsani.
116 reviews
October 22, 2023
A book for those who wish to make a philosophical sense out of nonsensical world.
Profile Image for Steven.
105 reviews3 followers
February 2, 2024
Excellent collection of essays by the brilliant and ever engaging Roger Scruton. The chapters on Meaningful Marriage, the Totalitarian Temptation, and Newspeak and Eurospeak were gold.
Profile Image for Procyon Lotor.
650 reviews111 followers
January 27, 2014
Onesto compendio ragionato ed applicabile delle pi� diffuse filosofie conservatrici. Il taglio � eminentemente pratico, attrezzi, ferramente. L'autore si sente che � abituato ad argomentare in grande stile a gente preparata e magari contraria. Perplime che le tre quattro idee che d'istinto si collocano fra l'indifendibile e la pura ilarit� siano quelle pi� pertinacemente difese dai conservatori di casa nostra oltre ogni immaginabile impegno anche rischiando di fare la figura dei TeoConnard TeoCo�os TeoCojones o dei (yuk!) Giulianoferrara che incredibilmente ne fa prefazione! L'ha letto? L'ha capito come l'ho capito io? Ah, no ecco: l'ha capito ma come al solito non gliene pu� importare di meno. Comunque se pensate di trovare qui un grimaldello per aprire una cassapanca cerebrale conservatrice Italiana lasciate perdere. Si parla d'altro e d'altrove.
Profile Image for Paul.
1,284 reviews29 followers
November 12, 2023
I read a lot of "lunatic left" books so I thought I'd try a "rabid right" one. Equally horrid. You are a christian, I get it, but you can't use god as an argument on every subject, unless you're arguing with another christian.
Profile Image for Joel Zartman.
585 reviews23 followers
July 9, 2013
Excellent essays on topics of current interest. Especially good his chapter on "Enlightenment & Religion" for understanding the time we live in. The chapter on T.S. Eliot is also very good.
Displaying 1 - 22 of 22 reviews

Can't find what you're looking for?

Get help and learn more about the design.