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The Origin of Species/The Descent of Man
This volume contains both of Charles Darwin's key books on natural selection: On the Origin of Species & The Descent of Man.
1016 pages, Hardcover
First published January 1, 1871
25 people are currently reading
583 people want to read
About the author
Charles Darwin
2,340 books3,376 followersCharles Robert Darwin of Britain revolutionized the study of biology with his theory, based on natural selection; his most famous works include
On the Origin of Species
(1859) and
The Descent of Man
(1871).
Chiefly Asa Gray of America advocated his theories.
Works of Jacques Martin Barzun include Darwin, Marx, Wagner (1941).
Charles Robert Darwin, an eminent English collector and geologist, proposed and provided scientific evidence of common ancestors for all life over time through the process that he called. The scientific community and the public in his lifetime accepted the facts that occur and then in the 1930s widely came to see the primary explanation of the process that now forms modernity. In modified form, the foundational scientific discovery of Darwin provides a unifying logical explanation for the diversity of life.
Darwin developed his interest in history and medicine at Edinburgh University and then theology at Cambridge. His five-year voyage on the Beagle established him as a geologist, whose observations and supported uniformitarian ideas of Charles Lyell, and publication of his journal made him as a popular author. Darwin collected wildlife and fossils on the voyage, but their geographical distribution puzzled him, who investigated the transmutation and conceived idea in 1838. He discussed his ideas but needed time for extensive research despite priority of geology. He wrote in 1858, when Alfred Russel Wallace sent him an essay, which described the same idea, prompting immediate joint publication.
His book of 1859 commonly established the dominant scientific explanation of diversification in nature. He examined human sexuality in Selection in Relation to Sex , and The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals followed. A series of books published his research on plants, and he finally examined effect of earthworms on soil.
A state funeral recognized Darwin in recognition of preeminence and only four other non-royal personages of the United Kingdom of the 19th century; people buried his body in Westminster abbey, close to those of John Herschel and Isaac Newton.
Her fathered Francis Darwin, astronomer George Darwin, and politician, economist and eugenicist Leonard Darwin.
(Arabic: تشارلز داروين)
Chiefly Asa Gray of America advocated his theories.
Works of Jacques Martin Barzun include Darwin, Marx, Wagner (1941).
Charles Robert Darwin, an eminent English collector and geologist, proposed and provided scientific evidence of common ancestors for all life over time through the process that he called. The scientific community and the public in his lifetime accepted the facts that occur and then in the 1930s widely came to see the primary explanation of the process that now forms modernity. In modified form, the foundational scientific discovery of Darwin provides a unifying logical explanation for the diversity of life.
Darwin developed his interest in history and medicine at Edinburgh University and then theology at Cambridge. His five-year voyage on the Beagle established him as a geologist, whose observations and supported uniformitarian ideas of Charles Lyell, and publication of his journal made him as a popular author. Darwin collected wildlife and fossils on the voyage, but their geographical distribution puzzled him, who investigated the transmutation and conceived idea in 1838. He discussed his ideas but needed time for extensive research despite priority of geology. He wrote in 1858, when Alfred Russel Wallace sent him an essay, which described the same idea, prompting immediate joint publication.
His book of 1859 commonly established the dominant scientific explanation of diversification in nature. He examined human sexuality in Selection in Relation to Sex , and The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals followed. A series of books published his research on plants, and he finally examined effect of earthworms on soil.
A state funeral recognized Darwin in recognition of preeminence and only four other non-royal personages of the United Kingdom of the 19th century; people buried his body in Westminster abbey, close to those of John Herschel and Isaac Newton.
Her fathered Francis Darwin, astronomer George Darwin, and politician, economist and eugenicist Leonard Darwin.
(Arabic: تشارلز داروين)
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Displaying 1 - 18 of 18 reviews
January 9, 2011
it's weird how influential On the Origin Of Species is, at least in circles i care about, yet if you ask around very few people have actually read it. most people shrug it off saying they know what it's about so don't need to read it. strangely it's a lot like The Bible (how many people actually sit down & read it cover to cover?). so i figured it was high time i heard it straight from the horse's mouth (especially as i just recently read the Bible (the The Dead Sea Scrolls version) i figured it was only fair). you might think people don't read On the Origin of Species because it's all archaic & unreadable, when in fact it's well-written & easy to read. it reads almost like it was written yesterday. to truly appreciate it you have to consider the time in which it was written & what a leap of faith it must've been to come up with an idea like natural selection. it almost seems common sense now, given all the evidence that has been accumulated. but back in Darwin's time they didn't even have cameras. so all his evidence was either direct observation (both of animals & fossils), illustrations, or reading other's observations. reading On the Origin of Species is the closest you can get to being in the mind of a man who came to the realization of the single most profound idea on this planet, who discovered the underlying mechanism not only of why were are here, but how we (& all animals) turned out how we did & how us animals continue to propagate (often blindly) & are driven to fill every available niche on this planet—it's in our nature.
Rest of "review" here:
http://5cense.com/11/amalfi.htm
Rest of "review" here:
http://5cense.com/11/amalfi.htm
January 29, 2021
Dupla de libros, fundamentales para quien quiera comprender no sólo las leyes de la naturaleza y de la vida, sino la evolución de la ciencia y del pensamiento humano. Están llenos de ejemplos interesantísimos y escritos con un lenguaje fácil de comprender. Darwin, aparte de un brillante científico, era un muy buen prosista.
En estos libros podemos apreciar las minuciosas investigaciones que llevó a cabo Darwin para desarrollar su teoría de la selección natural y la de la selección sexual. Además, ya entonces se presentaban las respuestas a las mismas objeciones que hoy los creacionistas siguen berreando contra la teoría de la evolución.
La gran sacudida que nos provocó Darwin fue el revelarnos que como especie no tenemos un lugar privilegiado en la naturaleza, ni que estamos sobre ella, sino que somos producto de ella y formamos parte de su seno.
Darwin nos demuestra que la diferencia entre la inteligencia humana y la animal es de orden cuantitativo, no cualitativo, y que las bases de la mente humana ya se encuentran entre nuestros parientes animales, incluyendo las emociones, la creatividad y la moral.
En estos libros podemos apreciar las minuciosas investigaciones que llevó a cabo Darwin para desarrollar su teoría de la selección natural y la de la selección sexual. Además, ya entonces se presentaban las respuestas a las mismas objeciones que hoy los creacionistas siguen berreando contra la teoría de la evolución.
La gran sacudida que nos provocó Darwin fue el revelarnos que como especie no tenemos un lugar privilegiado en la naturaleza, ni que estamos sobre ella, sino que somos producto de ella y formamos parte de su seno.
Darwin nos demuestra que la diferencia entre la inteligencia humana y la animal es de orden cuantitativo, no cualitativo, y que las bases de la mente humana ya se encuentran entre nuestros parientes animales, incluyendo las emociones, la creatividad y la moral.
August 25, 2013
Read only the conclusion of "The descent of man" for my MOOC:
....."It must not be supposed that the divergence of each race from the other races, and of all from a common stock, can be traced back to any one pair of progenitors. On the contrary, at every stage in the process of modification, all the individuals which were in any way better fitted for their conditions of life, though in different degrees, would have survived in greater numbers than the less well-fitted. The process would have been like that followed by man, when he does not intentionally select particular individuals, but breeds from all the superior individuals, and neglects the inferior. He thus slowly but surely modifies his stock, and unconsciously forms a new strain. So with respect to modifications acquired independently of selection, and due to variations arising from the nature of the organism and the action of the surrounding conditions, or from changed habits of life, no single pair will have been modified much more than the other pairs inhabiting the same country, for all will have been continually blended through free intercrossing.
The high standard of our intellectual powers and moral disposition is the greatest difficulty which presents itself, after we have been driven to this conclusion on the origin of man. But every one who admits the principle of evolution, must see that the mental powers of the higher animals, which are the same in kind with those of man, though so different in degree, are capable of advancement. Thus the interval between the mental powers of one of the higher apes and of a fish, or between those of an ant and scale-insect, is immense; yet their development does not offer any special difficulty; for with our domesticated animals, the mental faculties are certainly variable, and the variations are inherited. No one doubts that they are of the utmost importance to animals in a state of nature. Therefore the conditions are favourable for their development through natural selection. The same conclusion may be extended to man; the intellect must have been all-important to him, even at a very remote period, as enabling him to invent and use language, to make weapons, tools, traps, etc., whereby with the aid of his social habits, he long ago became the most dominant of all living creatures.....A great stride in the development of the intellect will have followed, as soon as the half-art and half-instinct of language came into use; for the continued use of language will have reacted on the brain and produced an inherited effect; and this again will have reacted on the improvement of language.....The development of the moral qualities is a more interesting problem. The foundation lies in the social instincts, including under this term the family ties. These instincts are highly complex, and in the case of the lower animals give special tendencies towards certain definite actions; but the more important elements are love, and the distinct emotion of sympathy. Animals endowed with the social instincts take pleasure in one another's company, warn one another of danger, defend and aid one another in many ways. These instincts do not extend to all the individuals of the species, but only to those of the same community. As they are highly beneficial to the species, they have in all probability been acquired through natural selection.
A moral being is one who is capable of reflecting on his past actions and their motives—of approving of some and disapproving of others; and the fact that man is the one being who certainly deserves this designation, is the greatest of all distinctions between him and the lower animals. But in the fourth chapter I have endeavoured to shew that the moral sense follows, firstly, from the enduring and ever-present nature of the social instincts; secondly, from man's appreciation of the approbation and disapprobation of his fellows; and thirdly, from the high activity of his mental faculties, with past impressions extremely vivid; and in these latter respects he differs from the lower animals. Owing to this condition of mind, man cannot avoid looking both backwards and forwards, and comparing past impressions. Hence after some temporary desire or passion has mastered his social instincts, he reflects and compares the now weakened impression of such past impulses with the ever-present social instincts; and he then feels that sense of dissatisfaction which all unsatisfied instincts leave behind them, he therefore resolves to act differently for the future,—and this is conscience. Any instinct, permanently stronger or more enduring than another, gives rise to a feeling which we express by saying that it ought to be obeyed. A pointer dog, if able to reflect on his past conduct, would say to himself, I ought (as indeed we say of him) to have pointed at that hare and not have yielded to the passing temptation of hunting it....
The main conclusion arrived at in this work, namely, that man is descended from some lowly organised form, will, I regret to think, be highly distasteful to many. But there can hardly be a doubt that we are descended from barbarians. The astonishment which I felt on first seeing a party of Fuegians on a wild and broken shore will never be forgotten by me, for the reflection at once rushed into my mind—such were our ancestors. These men were absolutely naked and bedaubed with paint, their long hair was tangled, their mouths frothed with excitement, and their expression was wild, startled, and distrustful. They possessed hardly any arts, and like wild animals lived on what they could catch; they had no government, and were merciless to every one not of their own small tribe. He who has seen a savage in his native land will not feel much shame, if forced to acknowledge that the blood of some more humble creature flows in his veins. For my own part I would as soon be descended from that heroic little monkey, who braved his dreaded enemy in order to save the life of his keeper, or from that old baboon, who descending from the mountains, carried away in triumph his young comrade from a crowd of astonished dogs—as from a savage who delights to torture his enemies, offers up bloody sacrifices, practices infanticide without remorse, treats his wives like slaves, knows no decency, and is haunted by the grossest superstitions....Man may be excused for feeling some pride at having risen, though not through his own exertions, to the very summit of the organic scale; and the fact of his having thus risen, instead of having been aboriginally placed there, may give him hope for a still higher destiny in the distant future. But we are not here concerned with hopes or fears, only with the truth as far as our reason permits us to discover it; and I have given the evidence to the best of my ability. We must, however, acknowledge, as it seems to me, that man with all his noble qualities, with sympathy which feels for the most debased, with benevolence which extends not only to other men but to the humblest living creature, with his god-like intellect which has penetrated into the movements and constitution of the solar system—with all these exalted powers—Man still bears in his bodily frame the indelible stamp of his lowly origin."
....."It must not be supposed that the divergence of each race from the other races, and of all from a common stock, can be traced back to any one pair of progenitors. On the contrary, at every stage in the process of modification, all the individuals which were in any way better fitted for their conditions of life, though in different degrees, would have survived in greater numbers than the less well-fitted. The process would have been like that followed by man, when he does not intentionally select particular individuals, but breeds from all the superior individuals, and neglects the inferior. He thus slowly but surely modifies his stock, and unconsciously forms a new strain. So with respect to modifications acquired independently of selection, and due to variations arising from the nature of the organism and the action of the surrounding conditions, or from changed habits of life, no single pair will have been modified much more than the other pairs inhabiting the same country, for all will have been continually blended through free intercrossing.
The high standard of our intellectual powers and moral disposition is the greatest difficulty which presents itself, after we have been driven to this conclusion on the origin of man. But every one who admits the principle of evolution, must see that the mental powers of the higher animals, which are the same in kind with those of man, though so different in degree, are capable of advancement. Thus the interval between the mental powers of one of the higher apes and of a fish, or between those of an ant and scale-insect, is immense; yet their development does not offer any special difficulty; for with our domesticated animals, the mental faculties are certainly variable, and the variations are inherited. No one doubts that they are of the utmost importance to animals in a state of nature. Therefore the conditions are favourable for their development through natural selection. The same conclusion may be extended to man; the intellect must have been all-important to him, even at a very remote period, as enabling him to invent and use language, to make weapons, tools, traps, etc., whereby with the aid of his social habits, he long ago became the most dominant of all living creatures.....A great stride in the development of the intellect will have followed, as soon as the half-art and half-instinct of language came into use; for the continued use of language will have reacted on the brain and produced an inherited effect; and this again will have reacted on the improvement of language.....The development of the moral qualities is a more interesting problem. The foundation lies in the social instincts, including under this term the family ties. These instincts are highly complex, and in the case of the lower animals give special tendencies towards certain definite actions; but the more important elements are love, and the distinct emotion of sympathy. Animals endowed with the social instincts take pleasure in one another's company, warn one another of danger, defend and aid one another in many ways. These instincts do not extend to all the individuals of the species, but only to those of the same community. As they are highly beneficial to the species, they have in all probability been acquired through natural selection.
A moral being is one who is capable of reflecting on his past actions and their motives—of approving of some and disapproving of others; and the fact that man is the one being who certainly deserves this designation, is the greatest of all distinctions between him and the lower animals. But in the fourth chapter I have endeavoured to shew that the moral sense follows, firstly, from the enduring and ever-present nature of the social instincts; secondly, from man's appreciation of the approbation and disapprobation of his fellows; and thirdly, from the high activity of his mental faculties, with past impressions extremely vivid; and in these latter respects he differs from the lower animals. Owing to this condition of mind, man cannot avoid looking both backwards and forwards, and comparing past impressions. Hence after some temporary desire or passion has mastered his social instincts, he reflects and compares the now weakened impression of such past impulses with the ever-present social instincts; and he then feels that sense of dissatisfaction which all unsatisfied instincts leave behind them, he therefore resolves to act differently for the future,—and this is conscience. Any instinct, permanently stronger or more enduring than another, gives rise to a feeling which we express by saying that it ought to be obeyed. A pointer dog, if able to reflect on his past conduct, would say to himself, I ought (as indeed we say of him) to have pointed at that hare and not have yielded to the passing temptation of hunting it....
The main conclusion arrived at in this work, namely, that man is descended from some lowly organised form, will, I regret to think, be highly distasteful to many. But there can hardly be a doubt that we are descended from barbarians. The astonishment which I felt on first seeing a party of Fuegians on a wild and broken shore will never be forgotten by me, for the reflection at once rushed into my mind—such were our ancestors. These men were absolutely naked and bedaubed with paint, their long hair was tangled, their mouths frothed with excitement, and their expression was wild, startled, and distrustful. They possessed hardly any arts, and like wild animals lived on what they could catch; they had no government, and were merciless to every one not of their own small tribe. He who has seen a savage in his native land will not feel much shame, if forced to acknowledge that the blood of some more humble creature flows in his veins. For my own part I would as soon be descended from that heroic little monkey, who braved his dreaded enemy in order to save the life of his keeper, or from that old baboon, who descending from the mountains, carried away in triumph his young comrade from a crowd of astonished dogs—as from a savage who delights to torture his enemies, offers up bloody sacrifices, practices infanticide without remorse, treats his wives like slaves, knows no decency, and is haunted by the grossest superstitions....Man may be excused for feeling some pride at having risen, though not through his own exertions, to the very summit of the organic scale; and the fact of his having thus risen, instead of having been aboriginally placed there, may give him hope for a still higher destiny in the distant future. But we are not here concerned with hopes or fears, only with the truth as far as our reason permits us to discover it; and I have given the evidence to the best of my ability. We must, however, acknowledge, as it seems to me, that man with all his noble qualities, with sympathy which feels for the most debased, with benevolence which extends not only to other men but to the humblest living creature, with his god-like intellect which has penetrated into the movements and constitution of the solar system—with all these exalted powers—Man still bears in his bodily frame the indelible stamp of his lowly origin."
April 10, 2020
The Origins of Species was written for non-specialist readers which led to its widespread interest upon publication, making science accessible for those that weren’t involved in the field. As Darwin was an eminent scientist himself, his findings were taken seriously and the evidence he presented led to meaningful scientific, philosophical, and religious discussions. Within two decades of initial publication, the book led to the widespread scientific agreement that evolution, with a branching pattern of common descent, had occurred, speaking volumes to the influence and talents of Darwin himself.
April 19, 2023
Longest book I've ever read in my life my edition was a whooping 927 pages granted at least 50 of those were full page animal illustrions. I picked this book up at a free little library near my neighborhood. I remember learning about Darwin in highschool and was excited to further explore the foundation of knowledge given to me by my previous educators. Upon reading the first few chapters it was clear to me why Darwin is regarded as on of the smartest people to have ever lived. This book is the greatest attempt of all man kind to explain how life came to be what it is and where it started. Darwin also achieves his branch of science by explaining his theory of evolution and how animals use sexual selection to ensure success of certain individuals while natural selection depends of the success of all individuals in relation to the general conditions of life. Modifications acquired thru sexual selection tend to affect the males such as a lions mane, the tail feather of a peacock and many more well sourced examples. Overall this book is about understanding the natural world and how man likely came from some vertabrae fish that went through many evolutions to become some type of amphibian to then become a marsupial to then become a monkey and eventually modern man. A fantastic book with so many beautiful insights into the natural world and biology.
February 16, 2025
2.5 stars
This book was not at all what I expected it to be. I was expecting more biological arguments but got assumptions based on observations. While some argue none of this book is based on science, I believe drawing conclusions based on observations and experiences is the most basic form of science. I found it easy to read and understand his logic although many of his conclusions would be considered controversial in today's world. I did not agree with all of his claims, but I enjoyed watching how he arrived at said claims. Some of his points were contradictory, but, in my opinion, the book showed his developing thoughts on different matters and I enjoyed seeing his logic in progress.
This book was not at all what I expected it to be. I was expecting more biological arguments but got assumptions based on observations. While some argue none of this book is based on science, I believe drawing conclusions based on observations and experiences is the most basic form of science. I found it easy to read and understand his logic although many of his conclusions would be considered controversial in today's world. I did not agree with all of his claims, but I enjoyed watching how he arrived at said claims. Some of his points were contradictory, but, in my opinion, the book showed his developing thoughts on different matters and I enjoyed seeing his logic in progress.
January 8, 2025
Amazing book. Considering how little he had available of the fossil record and that DNA and genetics were unknown, it’s amazing how accurate his theory was.
November 24, 2020
Loyola University, being a Jesuit University in its foundation, served as a training center for what the order called "collegians", most of whom studied theology or philosophy at the graduate level. Consequently, teaching assistantships mostly went to them while seculars like myself were generally assigned research assistantships.
Personally, I enjoyed my assignments, although more experience with teaching would have been more helpful, professionally speaking. There was a three year limit on such positions, a limit I was fortunate enough to extend through three school years and three summers thanks to the good offices of the first faculty member I was assigned to, Bill Ellos.
Although I worked for several professors during that period, I began and ended with Bill. Indeed, during a number of semesters I had a split assignment, supposedly spending half my time with him, half with another.
The years with Bill were occupied by two major topics: Wittgenstein and evolutionary theory. Bill's dissertation had been on the former, his primary teaching experience had been as regards the latter. Working with him led me to read most of Wittgenstein and the most important works of Wallace and Darwin, co-originators of modern evolutionary theory.
As regards Wallace and Darwin, Bill basically told me to read as much as possible, starting with the foundational works of both authors, recording and indexing everything either wrote about particular topics relevant to his own work and publications. Naturally, this was quite the pleasant exercise as I read a lot anyway and had long intended to read Darwin.
In studying Darwin one would be wise to start chronologically with the Beagle journals, followed by 'The Origin of Species' and then 'The Descent of Man'. His autobiography makes for a good terminal overview. The other works, and there are many, tend to be either more personal (his correspondence and the like) or specialized (earthworm studies and the like).
Personally, I enjoyed my assignments, although more experience with teaching would have been more helpful, professionally speaking. There was a three year limit on such positions, a limit I was fortunate enough to extend through three school years and three summers thanks to the good offices of the first faculty member I was assigned to, Bill Ellos.
Although I worked for several professors during that period, I began and ended with Bill. Indeed, during a number of semesters I had a split assignment, supposedly spending half my time with him, half with another.
The years with Bill were occupied by two major topics: Wittgenstein and evolutionary theory. Bill's dissertation had been on the former, his primary teaching experience had been as regards the latter. Working with him led me to read most of Wittgenstein and the most important works of Wallace and Darwin, co-originators of modern evolutionary theory.
As regards Wallace and Darwin, Bill basically told me to read as much as possible, starting with the foundational works of both authors, recording and indexing everything either wrote about particular topics relevant to his own work and publications. Naturally, this was quite the pleasant exercise as I read a lot anyway and had long intended to read Darwin.
In studying Darwin one would be wise to start chronologically with the Beagle journals, followed by 'The Origin of Species' and then 'The Descent of Man'. His autobiography makes for a good terminal overview. The other works, and there are many, tend to be either more personal (his correspondence and the like) or specialized (earthworm studies and the like).
December 17, 2023
What should I say here? This book is so influential and its impact on the way science is viewed in its entirety is massive. For the average person, however, it is not the most enjoyable read. It’s an important book but it paints a grim picture of reality. To exist is to struggle and fight to survive. The contents of the book dive into specific examples and evidence of natural selection and evolution. This aspect makes the reading potentially dense and uninteresting.
Some of the more notable aspects of the book for me was the language, tone, and substance in which Darwin discusses or references God. The contention between the church/religion and revolutionary, worldview-shattering discoveries is interesting. You can see his attempts to navigate potential controversy that would undoubtedly result from the publishing of this work.
A 2/5 rating is probably too low for this book, yet this review is about me the reader and my enjoyment, not the book’s overall impact and significance in society.
Some of the more notable aspects of the book for me was the language, tone, and substance in which Darwin discusses or references God. The contention between the church/religion and revolutionary, worldview-shattering discoveries is interesting. You can see his attempts to navigate potential controversy that would undoubtedly result from the publishing of this work.
A 2/5 rating is probably too low for this book, yet this review is about me the reader and my enjoyment, not the book’s overall impact and significance in society.
May 22, 2009
I'm ashamed to admit that this is the first time I have read this book all the way through (considering I have a Masters in Anthropology with a focus on early hominid stone tools and now work in a Biology Lab for a professor who studies the evolution of the genome). I actually listened to it at work (Librivox rocks) and it was pretty slow going. However, I ultimately enjoyed it immensely and was very impressed with all of the wonderful examples. I'm looking forward to reading it and being able to savor the rich detail (also to look at the graphs...which just don't work for an audio book : ).
Read
August 17, 2010Darwin wanted to communicate how he came to see what he saw. He wrote about it clearly. Sometimes he went on with examples and references for his fellow scientists but mostly anyone can follow the logic. He wasn't particularly happy with his finding. It would have been more poetic for God to have created humans in his own image. But the evidence he saw and documented showed that all life developed via experience, luck (dinosaurs not, mammals yes, so far) and the survivors of billions of years of process and change led to us and all the other living beings. If you think it isn't true, read and learn. If you think it is true, read and become more clearly informed.
June 29, 2014
Every educated being on the planet should read this book. Especially fundamentalists who will be surprised that Darwin believes in a God - just not a Genie. A brilliant man records his theories based on observation. I'm a Catholic and I thank God my religion readily accepts the obvious instead of maintaining unsupportable mythical positions. God gave us brains to think! We fulfill our destiny through thinking. Also, fundamentalists, we did not evolve from apes or monkeys. It's that we have common ancestors.
September 8, 2012
I am coming to realize why "Origin" has been so controversial. Darwin's research implies that the life (all kinds) that survives does so because it is superior overall to competitors. One could say that humans have extended the terms of surviving by introducing the unique element of a controlling intelligence. This could ameliorate the reality that the better, the stronger survive.
December 28, 2010
One of the most important, world-changing ideas in human history. If you have never read it, you really should give it a chance.
August 5, 2013
$0.50 used paperback from beaverton library, withdrawn from circ.
library-bound hardback, written in.
library-bound hardback, written in.
January 5, 2014
Not worth reading. Most of the ideas have been proven false.
July 18, 2009
God is redundant
Want to read
September 25, 2010was this a boring book i would like to read this book sometime in the near by future.
Displaying 1 - 18 of 18 reviews