“The Writer’s Digest: Handbook of Short Story Writing” - Edited by Frank A. Dickson and Sandra Smythe. Preface by Joyce Carol Oates.
This book is not your usual handbook I have come across. Each chapter is written by a different person. I’ve added my favourite parts:
This book gives practical advice on ideas, characters, dialogue, plotting, viewpoint, the scene, description, flashback, transition, conflict, revision and marketing.
“ ‘Art hallucinates Ego mastery,’ says Freud.
‘We must be true to our dreams,’ Kafka wrote.”
5 ways you can stay creative:
1. READ: “.. read widely enough to maintain a broad-spectrum knowledge of general publishing trends.”
2. MAKE NOTES
3. ROUTINE: “..sit there anyway!” “..you keep at it..” “…it will work if you give it a try.”
4. You can keep in touch with other writers: “Writing can be lonely, discouraging business and everyone engaged in it occasionally needs a few sympathetic cohorts to help build up the fires of their enthusiasm when the embers begin to burn low.” “You can’t make a career belonging to a writers club!”
5. You can keep your pathway cleared: “Use your fallow period wisely—and when it’s over you’ll find you are ready to move forward swiftly, with the zeal and freshness of a beginner coupled with the maturity of an experienced writer.”
6. “Fallow periods are a necessary, valuable part of every writers life. The way they are used—or misused—can make the difference, later on, between failure and the kind of success you dream of having.” - Jean Z. Owen
If you want to become a professional writer - determination and self-discipline!
BELIEVE IN YOURSELF!
“Fiction writing is the most intimate of all arts..” - Thomas H. Uzzell.
“Brainstorming by Yourself” - Dennis Whitcomb.
“F. Scott Fitzgerald said ‘A writer wastes nothing.’ “
“Empathy creates living characters in fiction” - Brian Cleeve.
“WATCH FOR WARTS” - Clayton C Barbeau.
“If the characters didn’t have any warts, he’d better give them some. It’s the only way his characters will cease being stereotypes or puppets and becoming living persons.”
“Creating a Lovable character: …. It is human nature to admire goodness..” - James Hilton.
Collaborators Anonymous - Robert Portune:
“Once you realise that your reader is the best collaborator you have, that his supply of memories and experiences will put the finishing touches on your sketch, then you’ll begin to develop the technique of choosing the elements of a scene that suit your purpose best.”
Keep it brief and blend it in - Don James.
“Description may be essential, but the word is out: keep in brief and blend it in.”
Writing with description - Ruth Engelken.
“Descriptions of ears, hair, neck, arms, feet, stance, body build, tone of voice, and type of gesture have all been used as character clues by one writer or another. Studying the prose of accomplished writers reveals the fact that most ordinary subject may be made extraordinarily interesting.”
“There is no such thing as a dull subject.”
Making the scene - F. A Rockwell.
“An expert has been defined as ‘someone who knows no more than you do, but who has it better organised and uses slides.”
“.. work like P G Wodehouse’s method of creating best-sellers. Start with an exciting scent and build your whole story around it, or whether you map out your plot first and then break it down into scene, each scene must contain:
1. Sharply delineated characters.
2. Clash or conflict that keeps building actively as something happens.
3. A time boundary (The When.)
4. A place boundary (The Where.)
5. An emotion boundary. (Its own specific mood in the story.) It day help you to study dictionary definitions of word: Scene.
SCENE-TEST YOUR STORY - Fred Grove:
1. MEETING - of the two forces involved in the conflict. Remember the 2 forces or persons must clash. There must be emotion.
2. PURPOSE: make every scene have a purpose.
3. ENCOUNTER: containing these possible elements: attempts—to interrogate or seek information; to inform, or convey information; to overcome by argument or logic, to convince; to persuade; to influence, impress, to compel.
4. FINAL ACTION: Win, lose or quit.
5. SEQUEL OR AFTERMATH: (a. state of affairs; b. State of mind)—which leads into your next scene.
Developing a Short Story from a Premise - Dennis Whitcomb
“You might want to start your story by writing out of premise similar to one of these:
1. Overwhelming ambition leads to dishonesty and finally results in discovery and punishment.
2. Love conquers irresponsibility.
3. Bragging leads to humiliation. “
“Your premise doesn’t have to be universal truth. It just has to be a statement which you can prove by your story. E.g., write a story about one of these premises:
- Ambition leads to success
- Ambition leads to failure
- Ambition leads to murder
- Ambition leads to death
- Ambition leads to dishonesty
- Ambition leads to responsibility ..”
“The premise should contain these 3 things: character, conflict and resolution.”
SO WRONG TO TELL THE TRUTH - John D Fitzgerald.
“If you can’t lie and exaggerate you can’t write fiction.”
“Make the complication even worse. Keep making it worse and worse until the solution becomes apparent to you.”
“Discovery and change is letting a character discover something he did not know or did not realise before, which results in his changing his mind.”
DRAMATISING CONFLICT IN THE SHORT STORY - Robert C Meredith and John D Fitzgerald.
HOW TO USE THE FLASHBACK IN FICTION - Susan Thaler.
“Flashback implies a digression from the present to some other point in time, it can, if skilfully applied, also bring an important sense of immediacy to any story.”
WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW USING FLASH BACK IN FICTION - Mariana Prieto
“The flashback can keep the story fresh and interesting. But it must be deftly mixed in. Like in pieces in an intricate mosaic, we must fit the flashback in so that it blends with the rest of the story.”
“Beware, do not let the flashback be so long that it out balances the rest of your story.. become FLOPBACKS..”
“..short story should begin at a high point, dramatic scene, if possible..”
TRANSITIONS - Robert C Meredith and John D Fitzgerald.
1. “In writing, it’s effective to indicate a transition merely in terms of the physical appearance of the manuscript. One accomplishes this by leaving a space between the paragraphs twice as great as the customary one..”
(Which I already knew!)
2. “Let the reader anticipate a transition through use of dialogue, e.g. ‘Don’t forget our lunch engagement at Baltimore tomorrow,” she reminded Helen before driving home.’ “
3. “Let the reader anticipate a transition through use of narration, e.g., ‘After reminding Helen of their lunch engagement at Baltimore the following day, she drive on home.’ “
4. “In giving a reader a clue that the transition is going to take place, also let reader anticipate the setting of the next scene.”
5 suggestions for writing Transitions by Val Thiessen.
Emotion, Object, Weather, Name and Time.
IN THE BEGINNING by Jack Webb.
“In five seconds you can lose any reader, any editor, on the fact of the earth. Or, you can catch him. Catch him, as Sabatini did, with this sentence: ‘He was born with the gift of laughter and a sense that the world was mad.’ - Rafael Sabatini, Scaramouchie. “
THE STORY’S MIDDLE - Katherine Greer.
“The writer must have the same sharp eye for proportion and tempo as they lead their characters through the body of the story..”
HOW NOT TO FIZZLE THE FINALE - F A Rockwell.
“To avoid this finale-fizzle, many successful writers have been using the write it backwards method ever since Edgar Allan Poe told authors to write the end first.”
“Be sure to plan your destination, the best route and necessary detours, as soon as you get an idea for a story, character or premise… Use inspirational impetus to work out the ending: 1) Satisfies, 2) fits the mood and subject matter, 3) packs a surprise of some kind, 4) is logical.
THE TWIST ENDING - Dennis Whitcomb.
“The deception can take any one of the 3 forms:
1. The lead character has caused his opposition to take drastic countermeasures to stop him.
2. The main characters false girl has succeeded in diverting his oppositions attention away from a real goal. Up until the last few paragraphs of the story the true goal has gone unnoticed..
3. The lead character has stated him intended goal and the opposition tries to stop him. The reader and opposition have been diverted by the obvious means of accomplishing the result or, most obvious meaning of the goal. The switch ending reveals that the goal was not what we understood it to be, no the obvious meaning.”
CHECKLIST FOR UNSALABLE STORIES - ALLAN W ECKERT.
“Oh, if only I had someone to tell me what’s wrong with this story!”
“It’s hard work to constructively criticise your own work..”
Checklist:
1. Have you started (your story) in the right place?
2. Is your beginning too slow?
3. Have you established the mood?
4. Have you been careful with flashbacks?
5. Have you written about something you know?
6. Have you dated your story?
7. Have you included unnecessary action?
8. Have you been redundant?
9. Have you included unnecessary characters?
10. Have you overworked a word or phrase?
11. Is your dialogue stilted?
12. Are your facts accurate?
13. Have you destroyed your scent or mood?
14. Have you been trite or “cute”?
15. Have you destroyed your scent or mood?
16. Have you said something that means something?
17. Has your action been consistent?
18. Is your story logical?
19. Have your protagonist solved their own problems?
20. Is it a story or an essay?
21. Is your climax too short?
22. Have you ended your story too soon or too late?
23. Have you been too wordy?
24. Have you written for yourself?
25. Have you let your reader think?
FORBIDDEN SUBJECTS - NOT WHAT THEY USED TO BE - Merrill Joan Gerber.
“Pick up any modern magazine today, and you will find it it’s fiction the problems (or perhaps the pleasures) of adultery, divorce, promiscuity, homosexuality and other subjects .. would have been forbidden to print.”
SLICK FICTION AND QUALITY FICTION - Rust Hills.
“Judging stories…
1. What is the author trying to say?
2. How does he say it?
3. How well does he say it?
4. Was it worth saying?”
A WRITER NEVER QUITS - Fred Shaw.
“Somerset Maugham quotes: Writing is a habit that’s easy to get into and hard to break.”
TO MARKET, TO MARKET - Natalie Hagen:
“Keep in mind the fact that rejections are a normal part of the process of selling, and don’t let them discourage you. The late Ian Fleming received countless rejection slips before his James Bond series made him the most famous writers of his generation. Every successful writer have received rejection slips. This is how he/she learns… to sell what he/she writes.”