It's been some years since I've written a review, but for this book I felt I had to. Probably one of the more challenging but also fulfilling reads of my life. The fact that I'm taking the time to write this well past midnight on a Saturday night should tell you enough.
This book was gifted to me about 2 years ago, at a time when I was on a zealous reading streak of philosophical books, among which some of the major works of Eastern philosophy. In other words, I was keen to dig deeper, and it seemed to come at exactly the right moment. I began reading with great curiosity, though it didn't take long for me to realize that this book would take me completely out of my comfort zone. But that seems to be precisely the message of the book: outside the ordinary circumstances of life is where you discover and develop your true potential.
In In Search of the Miraculous, P.D. Ouspensky takes his readers along on his spiritual journey that began when he first met George Gurdjieff in Moscow in 1915. For much of his adult life, Gurdjieff had wandered Central Asia, Egypt, Iran, India, Tibet, and many other places. He had met with dervishes, fakirs, monks, and members of the most diverse occult brotherhoods, each of whom searching for truth in their own way. Prior to their meeting, Ouspensky had himself also ventured East "in search of the Miraculous," but had returned to Russia largely disappointed. He had not found the answers he was looking for, but his curiosity was sparked upon meeting the enigmatic Gurdjieff, who seemed to be brimming with ancient wisdom.
In 1916, Gurdjieff took Ouspensky on as his pupil, and soon others joined to hear his teachings. Gurdjieff's key message: contrary to what we like to think, most humans barely have any control over their actions and can best be classified as unconscious "automatons" going through life in a state of waking sleep. What we think of as an individual choice oftentimes really is just us acting (or, to be more precise, reacting) according to the impulses that are ingrained in us and to external forces. Shockingly little we do comes from a truly conscious choice. In fact, without properly developed consciousness, we are very susceptible to outside control – and with the mass psychosis of World War I and the Russian Civil War raging on in the background, it is easy to see why this is problematic.
Luckily, Gurdjieff told his students, there are ways to gain consciousness, and to in turn unlock one's full potential. There are the traditional paths to spiritual knowledge – those of the fakir, the monk, and the yogi – but each of these he considered too one-sided, as they tend to focus too much on either the physical, the emotional, or the intellectual aspect of self-knowledge. Instead, Gurdjieff presents a "Fourth Way", which strives to develop each of these centers in harmony. His method of teaching involved everything from intense study and discussion to exercises in self-observation, to intricate dances, music, writing, and many other innovative approaches, all of which aimed at improving one's (self-)awareness.
This all sounds well and good, so why only 4/5? Here I should be honest: this book is certainly not for everyone. In fact, I am not even certain if it was for me, because there sure were many moments where I thought about giving up. Some of the metaphysical theories were lost on me, such as the claims about the ways in which all organic life is connected and influenced by the sun and the planets, about humankind serving as food to the moon, etc. Even if it was presented in a semi-convincing, quasi-scientific way, I still don't really know what to make of all this. Gurdjieff's wisdom is beyond question, but I can see why opinions about Gurdjieff are divided. Indeed, there were times where the way he kept throwing this esoteric knowledge at his pupils while dodging questions and forcing them to not share his secrets with anyone outside their little groups reminded me of a sect leader.
I came for the Eastern ideas, but funnily enough it was rather the topics that are already quite central to Western philosophy that made me stay: Gurdjieff's questioning of human freedom, his distrust of the prevailing norms, values and morality, his ideas on self-remembering and self-realization, his distinction between objective and subjective truth — all of these things I found remarkably interesting to read about. Throughout the last year and a half or so of reading this book, it forced me time and again to rethink the degree of control I have over my own life, to question dominant norms and values, to assess whether I am spending my energy correctly, and generally just to think of ways to improve myself. For these reasons alone, I think that anyone interested in these topics would do well to read this.
Tl;dr thought-provoking book, but at times a bit too much on the astrology side to my taste.