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Schizofrenia
W tej głęboko humanistycznej książce, łączącej w sobie cechy pasjonującej lektury i dzieła o niepodważalnej wartości naukowej, najważniejszy jest pełen zrozumienia, dobroci i miłości stosunek lekarza do chorego, pozwalający na odkrywanie najgłębiej w psychice człowieka położonych tajemnic choroby.
284 pages, Unknown Binding
First published January 1, 1972
19 people are currently reading
230 people want to read
About the author
Antoni Kępiński
16 books32 followersA Polish psychiatrist, doctor, philosopher and writer.
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Displaying 1 - 9 of 9 reviews
May 3, 2014
Klasyczny podręcznik profesora Kępińskiego w nowym wydaniu (Wyd. Literackie, Kraków 2012), z posłowiem Andrzeja Cechnickiego. Kępiński był prekursorem (1972 - I wydanie książki) głęboko humanistycznej postawy w podejściu do chorego, wychował pokolenie psychiatrów, którzy przede wszystkim kierowali się szacunkiem i zrozumieniem w swojej praktyce lekarskiej. Książka oprócz tego jest kompletnym zapisem ówczesnej wiedzy o tej jednostce chorobowej, wraz z etiologią, wyszczególnieniem konkretnych przypadków oraz przykładami zaburzeń w zachowaniu, percepcji i mowie. Specjalnym dodatkiem jest omówienie choroby w aspekcie twórczości (Kubin, Monsiel) oraz teorii metabolizmu informacyjnego.
August 3, 2025
me and my voices liked that one
April 22, 2023
Although it is older book it is still ok. Different style to the more modern ones, same reasonable tone.
When there is a clear hereditary burden, schizophrenia is generally light and atypical.
---
When the environment feels different and strange, in German psychiatric terminology it is called Pracoxgefuhl (sense of schizophrenia).
Praecox-Gefühl (German) - a term used in psychiatry to describe the feeling of specific anxiety felt by an experienced doctor during a conversation with a patient, a feeling of lack of empathy and emotional incompatibility on the part of the patient, described in the initial stages of schizophrenia.
---
1
Sometimes simple schizophrenia takes a "philosophical" form, the patient contemplates the meaninglessness of life, human interests and treatments, he dreams of falling asleep and never waking up again, he sometimes leads, when he feels more alert, sterile disputes over "beings", the "essential" sense of what surrounds him.
The environment feels around the patient an atmosphere of emptiness. They try to break through it the most, to "mobilize" the patient, force him to be more active and have a more lively emotional reaction, and when this fails, they move away from him themselves, treating him with pity like a "poor weirdo".
---
2
The apparent opposite of the simple form is the hebephrenic form. If in simple schizophrenia in activity in the patient apathy and idleness are striking, then here - the excess of initiative and mobility, which, however, are of a specific kind, resemble the foolishness of "calf" years. Hence the name: the Greek word "hebe" means youth, strength, vigor, flight, gaiety, womb. In the Polish language, the term "hebes" was used in the past for a slightly disrespectful description of a young man.
Hebefrenik is mobile, has various ideas, which he puts into action without skepticism, sometimes damaging his surroundings.
---
While emptiness is the main feature of the simple and heberphenic form of schizophrenia, it is the dynamics of movement that distinguishes the catatonic form. In the world of animals - and human too - two extreme forms of movement expression are observed - freezing in stillness - Torstellreflex - and a violent discharge of chaotic, aimless movements.
Between the two extreme pictures of motor expansion - frenzy and stupefaction - there are different types of excitation and motor inhibition - phases of excitement alternate with phases of inhibition.
--
3
An important feature of the delusional character is the change in the structure of one's own and the surrounding world. This is essentially a feature of every schizophrenic mischief. The eminent French psychiatrist Ey considers even delusions to be a peculiar symptom of schizophrenia. But in other forms, the change of structures, which can best express the patient's feeling that he himself has become different, and with him the whole world, is pervaded by the expression of emptiness. as in a simple and hebephrenic form, or a dramatic motor discharge - as in a catatonic form.
The patient is unable to express what he is experiencing and resorts to increasingly closing himself in or venting in more primitive forms of movement than words.
---
Three stages of schizophrenic development can be distinguished:
1. Possessions
2. Adaptation
3.Degradation
1 The first stage is characterized by a more or less rapid transition from the world of the so-called normal in schizophrenic. The sick person is possessed by a new way of seeing himself and what surrounds him. When the fascination is severe, the patient suddenly finds himself in another world, visions, ecstasies, nightmares, changed proportions and colors. He also becomes someone completely different, discovers his true self, throws off the old mask that constrained and inhibited him, he is his true self, heroic, alone against the whole world, with the conviction of a mission to fulfill (this is common in men) or with a sense of liberation from the old self, he feels chaos, emptiness, his own evil and hatred towards himself and the whole world.
The patient closes in on himself, gives up everything (simple character); adopts an attitude in spite of, "fooling around", angers the indomitable and sinister world (heberphenic character); he loses control over his movements, his body freezes, or performs strange, often violent movements, as if controlled from the outside (catation form); the patient discovers the truth, knows why this man smiled every day, and this man stares at him again so persistently; he can no longer escape the watching eye and the listening ear
2 During the adaptation period, the storm calms down, the Patient gets used to the new role. He is no longer terrified by his own strange thoughts, feelings, creations of the imagination. Delusions and hallucinations do not surprise him with their unusualness. "Another face of the world" becomes something ordinary and everyday. As a result, it loses its attack, ceases to be unique and true, and becomes only more true than reality. The sick person may consider the people around him as angels or devils, but at the same time he knows that they are doctors, tip nurses.
3 Dual orientation is a symptom of a return to normal probabilistic thinking. In place of the certainty of the schizophrenic definition, normal, human uncertainty returns, expressed in the Cartesian "cogito ergo sum:; where cogito means as much as "I think, what I doubt, I hesitate, I doubt, therefore I am.
I think that since the writing of this book it's better, the dual orientation is only momentary or occurs in a short period of time, after all I know that I do not have the orientation of wrong thought, and at the same time I have this orientation of thoughts. Sometimes I just catch myself that I was wrong but that's normal, if I persisted in a mistake and remembered it boasting about my ego how great I am not it would be the symptoms of the disease.
It is true that people think that my perception is weaker, just because they know about the diagnosis, but I read a lot, it makes me see the world normally. If I and someone else know foreign languages, I will perform just as well and fulfill the tasks as someone without a diagnosis, just because I dedicate my life to constantly learning.
---
Understanding the sexual theme in the schizophrenic world requires as an introduction, getting a feel for the atmosphere of early youth, because schizophrenic concepts develop on its basis. Perhaps the most typical feature of early adolescent erotica is the disproportion between the dream and the possibility of its realization. In connection with the hormonal breakthrough of the period of diarrhoea, the dynamics of erotic dreams is greater than in other periods of life. Dreams do not always occur in an overt form, their content may be suppressed or sublimated. At the same time, all forms of their relationship are incommensurably weak and the easiest of them - self-eroticism arouses negative feelings towards oneself and sexual life.
Personally, there were times when I knew that this woman was mine, but of course she was passive or started acting in such a way that it cooled me down. At the same time, I will never take a woman by force, despite my boisterous and direct nature learned by hard life in England, despite my arrogance, I am kind, polite and helpful. i just like concrete approach. Nothing came out of this love, it was passive and out of directness like in a married couple, we parted forever.
---
An outbreak of psychosis could be thought of as a violent statement of the truth. What has hitherto been hidden or even pushed out of consciousness, protrudes into the air and, moreover, occupies the space belonging to the outside world. A sick person does not need a lie to be afraid of the onslaught of reality. For reality transforms itself according to its inner truth. In a relationship with people, the mask is no longer valid, it is not what is outside that counts, but the inner essence of a person.
And finally there is this part near the end about fear and shade.
The coloring is the shade of the soul, mental attitude and the color of love. In a schizophrenic, it is most often anxiety. Which can even lead to death. (this concussion on its own, is my writing, author just wrote about shade of coloring).
The sadness of a schizophrenic is different from the sadness of a cyclophrenic. It is difficult to accurately describe this difference in words, but it is palpable and usually makes it easy to distinguish between endogenous and schizophrenic depression.
When depressed, the patient seems to be falling into darkness.
When there is a clear hereditary burden, schizophrenia is generally light and atypical.
---
When the environment feels different and strange, in German psychiatric terminology it is called Pracoxgefuhl (sense of schizophrenia).
Praecox-Gefühl (German) - a term used in psychiatry to describe the feeling of specific anxiety felt by an experienced doctor during a conversation with a patient, a feeling of lack of empathy and emotional incompatibility on the part of the patient, described in the initial stages of schizophrenia.
---
1
Sometimes simple schizophrenia takes a "philosophical" form, the patient contemplates the meaninglessness of life, human interests and treatments, he dreams of falling asleep and never waking up again, he sometimes leads, when he feels more alert, sterile disputes over "beings", the "essential" sense of what surrounds him.
The environment feels around the patient an atmosphere of emptiness. They try to break through it the most, to "mobilize" the patient, force him to be more active and have a more lively emotional reaction, and when this fails, they move away from him themselves, treating him with pity like a "poor weirdo".
---
2
The apparent opposite of the simple form is the hebephrenic form. If in simple schizophrenia in activity in the patient apathy and idleness are striking, then here - the excess of initiative and mobility, which, however, are of a specific kind, resemble the foolishness of "calf" years. Hence the name: the Greek word "hebe" means youth, strength, vigor, flight, gaiety, womb. In the Polish language, the term "hebes" was used in the past for a slightly disrespectful description of a young man.
Hebefrenik is mobile, has various ideas, which he puts into action without skepticism, sometimes damaging his surroundings.
---
While emptiness is the main feature of the simple and heberphenic form of schizophrenia, it is the dynamics of movement that distinguishes the catatonic form. In the world of animals - and human too - two extreme forms of movement expression are observed - freezing in stillness - Torstellreflex - and a violent discharge of chaotic, aimless movements.
Between the two extreme pictures of motor expansion - frenzy and stupefaction - there are different types of excitation and motor inhibition - phases of excitement alternate with phases of inhibition.
--
3
An important feature of the delusional character is the change in the structure of one's own and the surrounding world. This is essentially a feature of every schizophrenic mischief. The eminent French psychiatrist Ey considers even delusions to be a peculiar symptom of schizophrenia. But in other forms, the change of structures, which can best express the patient's feeling that he himself has become different, and with him the whole world, is pervaded by the expression of emptiness. as in a simple and hebephrenic form, or a dramatic motor discharge - as in a catatonic form.
The patient is unable to express what he is experiencing and resorts to increasingly closing himself in or venting in more primitive forms of movement than words.
---
Three stages of schizophrenic development can be distinguished:
1. Possessions
2. Adaptation
3.Degradation
1 The first stage is characterized by a more or less rapid transition from the world of the so-called normal in schizophrenic. The sick person is possessed by a new way of seeing himself and what surrounds him. When the fascination is severe, the patient suddenly finds himself in another world, visions, ecstasies, nightmares, changed proportions and colors. He also becomes someone completely different, discovers his true self, throws off the old mask that constrained and inhibited him, he is his true self, heroic, alone against the whole world, with the conviction of a mission to fulfill (this is common in men) or with a sense of liberation from the old self, he feels chaos, emptiness, his own evil and hatred towards himself and the whole world.
The patient closes in on himself, gives up everything (simple character); adopts an attitude in spite of, "fooling around", angers the indomitable and sinister world (heberphenic character); he loses control over his movements, his body freezes, or performs strange, often violent movements, as if controlled from the outside (catation form); the patient discovers the truth, knows why this man smiled every day, and this man stares at him again so persistently; he can no longer escape the watching eye and the listening ear
2 During the adaptation period, the storm calms down, the Patient gets used to the new role. He is no longer terrified by his own strange thoughts, feelings, creations of the imagination. Delusions and hallucinations do not surprise him with their unusualness. "Another face of the world" becomes something ordinary and everyday. As a result, it loses its attack, ceases to be unique and true, and becomes only more true than reality. The sick person may consider the people around him as angels or devils, but at the same time he knows that they are doctors, tip nurses.
3 Dual orientation is a symptom of a return to normal probabilistic thinking. In place of the certainty of the schizophrenic definition, normal, human uncertainty returns, expressed in the Cartesian "cogito ergo sum:; where cogito means as much as "I think, what I doubt, I hesitate, I doubt, therefore I am.
I think that since the writing of this book it's better, the dual orientation is only momentary or occurs in a short period of time, after all I know that I do not have the orientation of wrong thought, and at the same time I have this orientation of thoughts. Sometimes I just catch myself that I was wrong but that's normal, if I persisted in a mistake and remembered it boasting about my ego how great I am not it would be the symptoms of the disease.
It is true that people think that my perception is weaker, just because they know about the diagnosis, but I read a lot, it makes me see the world normally. If I and someone else know foreign languages, I will perform just as well and fulfill the tasks as someone without a diagnosis, just because I dedicate my life to constantly learning.
---
Understanding the sexual theme in the schizophrenic world requires as an introduction, getting a feel for the atmosphere of early youth, because schizophrenic concepts develop on its basis. Perhaps the most typical feature of early adolescent erotica is the disproportion between the dream and the possibility of its realization. In connection with the hormonal breakthrough of the period of diarrhoea, the dynamics of erotic dreams is greater than in other periods of life. Dreams do not always occur in an overt form, their content may be suppressed or sublimated. At the same time, all forms of their relationship are incommensurably weak and the easiest of them - self-eroticism arouses negative feelings towards oneself and sexual life.
Personally, there were times when I knew that this woman was mine, but of course she was passive or started acting in such a way that it cooled me down. At the same time, I will never take a woman by force, despite my boisterous and direct nature learned by hard life in England, despite my arrogance, I am kind, polite and helpful. i just like concrete approach. Nothing came out of this love, it was passive and out of directness like in a married couple, we parted forever.
---
An outbreak of psychosis could be thought of as a violent statement of the truth. What has hitherto been hidden or even pushed out of consciousness, protrudes into the air and, moreover, occupies the space belonging to the outside world. A sick person does not need a lie to be afraid of the onslaught of reality. For reality transforms itself according to its inner truth. In a relationship with people, the mask is no longer valid, it is not what is outside that counts, but the inner essence of a person.
And finally there is this part near the end about fear and shade.
The coloring is the shade of the soul, mental attitude and the color of love. In a schizophrenic, it is most often anxiety. Which can even lead to death. (this concussion on its own, is my writing, author just wrote about shade of coloring).
The sadness of a schizophrenic is different from the sadness of a cyclophrenic. It is difficult to accurately describe this difference in words, but it is palpable and usually makes it easy to distinguish between endogenous and schizophrenic depression.
When depressed, the patient seems to be falling into darkness.
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April 8, 2024Nie czuję się na tyle kompetentna aby wystawiać jej ocenę i tego nie zrobię.
Czytało mi się ją żmudnie i ciężko. Momentami miałam wrażenie, że czytam ciągle te same zdania i tak w kółko co parę stron. Osobiście zmęczyły mnie także wątki filozoficzne.
Mam do przeczytania jeszcze inne pozycje o schizofrenii i oby były lepsze.
Czytało mi się ją żmudnie i ciężko. Momentami miałam wrażenie, że czytam ciągle te same zdania i tak w kółko co parę stron. Osobiście zmęczyły mnie także wątki filozoficzne.
Mam do przeczytania jeszcze inne pozycje o schizofrenii i oby były lepsze.
September 15, 2022
Jest to klasyczna i niemal podręczników książka traktująca o schizofrenii. Profesor Kępiński zagłębia się w światopogląd chorych oraz ich punkt widzenia, jednocześnie wielokrotnie podkreślając jak należy zachowywać się wobec chorych.
May 15, 2022
Dzięki tej książce zrozumiałam schizofrenię i przestałam się poniekąd bać schizofreników. Bardzo ważna lektura.
December 2, 2024
Swietna książka, bardzo duzo wiedzy. Fascynująca.
January 15, 2023
Stworzyć książkę naukową, która jest treściwa, wypełniona wiedzą po brzegi i równocześnie przekazać to w sposób tak czytelny, że jest zrozumiała nawet dla laika - to sztuka, którą Kępiński opanował do perfekcji. Pomaga zrozumieć osoby dotknięte chorobą psychiczną z niezwykłym stopniem wrażliwości. Ogromnie polecam, w zasadzie każdemu
October 26, 2021
Kępiński to taki gość, że po 5 latach studiów i wtłaczania wiedzy psychologicznej dowiadujesz się, że o schizofrenii to ty nie wiedziałeś nic.
Displaying 1 - 9 of 9 reviews