"The sacred/profane dichotomy may be required as an expedient in times and places, but it can never, from the religious point of view, be considered as normative...". Understanding this sentence is key to not only understanding this book, but to understanding Islam as a faith tradition. Nasr is heavily inspired in this work by Frithjof Schuon's "Understanding Islam", which is heavier on the metaphysical. Nasr is not attempting to write an apologetic for Islam (nor is Schuon), rather he is trying to present the faith in its truest, most fundamental, most balanced way. Using the foundational Islamic principle of Tawhid or "Unity" in relation to the One and everything that emanates from the One, Nasr lays out his vision of the sacred. For Nasr, and for many of us, the sacred is manifested in our lives through Islam. Yet Nasr's idea of the sacred stems directly from Tawhid - and the Qur'an - in that he does not neglect other traditions in showing the truth of Tawhid.
The concept of universality is key to the book, which is comprised of a collection of lectures that Nasr gave at the American University in Beruit during the 1960s. It was designed to present Islam to a Western audience, and to an audience of Muslims who may have been heavily influenced by Western thought. It is a seminal work in Western Islamic scholarship. Nasr presents lectures covering six themes:
1. Islam - The last religion, the primordial religion
2. The Qur'an - The Word of God, the source of knowledge
3. The Prophet and Prophetic Tradition - The Last Prophet and Universal Man
4. The Shariah - The Divine Law - Social and Human Norm
5. The Tariquah - The Spiritual Path and its Quranic Roots
6. Sunnism and Shi'ism - Twelve-Imam Shi'ism and Isma'ilism
As Westerners, if we can understand that there is no sacred/profane dichotomy, and that this stems from Tawhid, then we can begin to appreciate the paradigm of Islamic thought. Even after conversion to Islam, it is taking time for me to fully internalize this paradigm. It is difficult in coming from a culture that is built on Christendom - where there is such a thing as church/state separation. Muslims do not think this way, hence the misunderstandings around ideas such as Shariah and even Tawhid.