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Singapore: A Biography
Brimming with verve and dramatic incident, A Biography offers fresh insights into the life story of this island city-state through the personal experiences of the workers, adventurers, rulers and revolutionaries who have shaped its history over the last seven centuries. The authors, drawing on research undertaken in collaboration with the National Museum of Singapore, have woven together ancient chronicles, eyewitness accounts, oral histories and even modern radio and television broadcasts to create a vivid and compelling narrative that brings the past back to life. Grounded in scholarship yet fired by the imagination, this book reveals the Singapore story to have been as rich, diverse and multilayered as the city-state is prosperous, ordered and successful today.
456 pages, Paperback
First published November 1, 2009
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Displaying 1 - 29 of 29 reviews
May 3, 2021
Back in high school, we had to make a decision at the end of our second year as to which humanities subjects - literature, geography or history - we wished to continue with in our third and fourth year. Choosing to drop history from the list was a no-brainer for me. I loathed the dry history textbook that seemed little more than a collection of meaningless dates and supposedly seminal events that seemed irrelevant to me a few decades after they'd first taken place.
I dare say that if Singapore: A Biography had been my history textbook back in high school, I might not have been so quick to drop history in favour of literature and geography back then (even though as a pragmatic student, I might have been a little intimidated by the weighty tome). History in secondary school was a dry collection of dates and facts, a definitive version of events as endorsed by the curriculum planners, to be memorised and regurgitated during the exams. It never occurred to me until years later, when I had just started college and began reading more non-fiction, that perhaps history was very much a man-made construct, coloured by our perceptions, motivations and biases. And that an accepted narrative wasn't necessarily the truth, it was simply the winner's narrative. Singapore: A Biography tries hard to convey this complexity and to help the reader see a particular event from various perspectives. Whereas the history textbooks presented Sir Stamford Raffles as the Hero and Great Man who Founded Modern Singapore (what would we do without him!), Singapore: A Biography gives a much more complex rendering of the man - his battles with the East India Company, his relationship with William Farquhar and raises the question of whether lionising Raffles and giving him all the credit is really justified.
Then of course, there's the writing. The writing in Singapore: A Biography is vivid and lively, using devices like alliteration and metaphors to pull the reader along. Phrases like: "Leap ahead to the 1930s and we find ourselves in an altogether different world" and "in the late 19th century, rickshaws had to contend with bullock carts, gharries and then steam trams, by the 1920s, they shared the roads with omninbuses, trolley buses, motor cars and lorries - all of which easily outstripped the pace at which the humble rickshaw could safely manoeuvre" help keep the reader engaged. It's amazing how the same dates and events can be communicated so differently.
And let's not forget that Singapore: A Biography offers the uncensored version of Singapore's history when compared to the secondary school curriculum. It would never do to let secondary school students learn about the karayuki-san in Singapore, or the fact that Singapore was once such a violent and chaotic place that it earned itself the monikers of "Sin-galore" and the "Chicago of the East"!
A great read for anyone who's interested in Singapore history. And for those of you who aren't, this book might just do the trick.
I dare say that if Singapore: A Biography had been my history textbook back in high school, I might not have been so quick to drop history in favour of literature and geography back then (even though as a pragmatic student, I might have been a little intimidated by the weighty tome). History in secondary school was a dry collection of dates and facts, a definitive version of events as endorsed by the curriculum planners, to be memorised and regurgitated during the exams. It never occurred to me until years later, when I had just started college and began reading more non-fiction, that perhaps history was very much a man-made construct, coloured by our perceptions, motivations and biases. And that an accepted narrative wasn't necessarily the truth, it was simply the winner's narrative. Singapore: A Biography tries hard to convey this complexity and to help the reader see a particular event from various perspectives. Whereas the history textbooks presented Sir Stamford Raffles as the Hero and Great Man who Founded Modern Singapore (what would we do without him!), Singapore: A Biography gives a much more complex rendering of the man - his battles with the East India Company, his relationship with William Farquhar and raises the question of whether lionising Raffles and giving him all the credit is really justified.
Then of course, there's the writing. The writing in Singapore: A Biography is vivid and lively, using devices like alliteration and metaphors to pull the reader along. Phrases like: "Leap ahead to the 1930s and we find ourselves in an altogether different world" and "in the late 19th century, rickshaws had to contend with bullock carts, gharries and then steam trams, by the 1920s, they shared the roads with omninbuses, trolley buses, motor cars and lorries - all of which easily outstripped the pace at which the humble rickshaw could safely manoeuvre" help keep the reader engaged. It's amazing how the same dates and events can be communicated so differently.
And let's not forget that Singapore: A Biography offers the uncensored version of Singapore's history when compared to the secondary school curriculum. It would never do to let secondary school students learn about the karayuki-san in Singapore, or the fact that Singapore was once such a violent and chaotic place that it earned itself the monikers of "Sin-galore" and the "Chicago of the East"!
A great read for anyone who's interested in Singapore history. And for those of you who aren't, this book might just do the trick.
May 10, 2017
I loved this work. Reading on my own country's history has never felt more delightful. Most of SG history started from 1965 - as though nothing happened before then. This text not only covers 1819, but most of all, way before that, as early as 1300s. I have read other texts detailing this portion of SG history but never have I encountered such detailed and multi faceted work on this area. I have recommended this text to my friends, for themselves, and for their children, our future generation.
January 20, 2014
A fascinating and illuminating read on Singapore from pre-1819, to Raffles' scheming and founding of Singapore to the Japanese invasion and occupation, to the roots of merdaka after the Rendell Commission, to the independence struggle among the colonialists, communists and nationalists.
The well-researched book is seldom dry, and often exciting to read with its story-telling style. For example, the chapter of the Japanese invasion of Malaya and Singapore, "Fortress December 1941 - February 1942", was peppered with the accounts from Imperia Guard Corporal Tsuchikane Tominosuke's memoirs, how he journeyed down south all the way to the "impregnable fortress". In the chaper "Emporium 1820s-1860s", the Malay poem "Syair Dagang Berhual Beli" was the hook to reel in readers to appreciate the tension between the Malay, Chinese and Indian communities under the British divide and rule policy in the 1800s.
The book is rich with contrarian narratives, reminding readers that history is often contested and varies depending on whose point of view.
Stamford Raffles, the founder of "modern" Singapore, was described as a scheming, ambitious risk-taking adventurer from the East India Company. Major William Farquhar, the "Raja Melaka" as he was affectionately termed by Malacca residents, was the first Resident of Singapore. He steered Singapore to a commercial and trading success, and was the real founder of Singapore as can be inferred from the chapter "Settlement 1819-1824". Sophia Raffles, Stamford's wife, had published in 1830 "Memoir of the Life and Public Services of Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles" which posthumously projected Stamford Raffles as a visionary-explorer and servant of the Empire, sweeping Farquhar's accomplishments into a dusty corner of Singapore's history.
On controversial Operation Coldstore where communists and leftists were caught in a dragnet in 1963, the book described that the British far from being reluctant participants, wanted the left-wing movement in Singapore crushed but waited for an excuse to give their actions a semblance of "fair play". This opportunity was provided when Lim Chin Siong had lunch at the Rendezvous Hotel with the leftist leader of the North Borneo National Army, A M Azahari, two days before he launched his rebellion in Brunei.
The book is enjoyable to immerse into. It is also well stocked with endnotes e.g. when Lord Selkirk, the British Commissioner General for Southeast Asia, asked Lim Chin Siong and Fong Swee Suan whether they were communists during the Eden Hall Tea Party, the book cited the overlooked story that the two "seemed to be embarrassed by this question and failed to give a clear reply" and hinted that they might be communists despite their denials, and old engaging photographs of places and people, windows into Singapore's roots e.g. a 1965 picture of the UMNO building (now PKMS) in Changi Road, a 1950s picture of the riot squad where the police truck displayed prominently a sign "Disperse or We Fire" and with policemen in shorts.
The well-researched book is seldom dry, and often exciting to read with its story-telling style. For example, the chapter of the Japanese invasion of Malaya and Singapore, "Fortress December 1941 - February 1942", was peppered with the accounts from Imperia Guard Corporal Tsuchikane Tominosuke's memoirs, how he journeyed down south all the way to the "impregnable fortress". In the chaper "Emporium 1820s-1860s", the Malay poem "Syair Dagang Berhual Beli" was the hook to reel in readers to appreciate the tension between the Malay, Chinese and Indian communities under the British divide and rule policy in the 1800s.
The book is rich with contrarian narratives, reminding readers that history is often contested and varies depending on whose point of view.
Stamford Raffles, the founder of "modern" Singapore, was described as a scheming, ambitious risk-taking adventurer from the East India Company. Major William Farquhar, the "Raja Melaka" as he was affectionately termed by Malacca residents, was the first Resident of Singapore. He steered Singapore to a commercial and trading success, and was the real founder of Singapore as can be inferred from the chapter "Settlement 1819-1824". Sophia Raffles, Stamford's wife, had published in 1830 "Memoir of the Life and Public Services of Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles" which posthumously projected Stamford Raffles as a visionary-explorer and servant of the Empire, sweeping Farquhar's accomplishments into a dusty corner of Singapore's history.
On controversial Operation Coldstore where communists and leftists were caught in a dragnet in 1963, the book described that the British far from being reluctant participants, wanted the left-wing movement in Singapore crushed but waited for an excuse to give their actions a semblance of "fair play". This opportunity was provided when Lim Chin Siong had lunch at the Rendezvous Hotel with the leftist leader of the North Borneo National Army, A M Azahari, two days before he launched his rebellion in Brunei.
The book is enjoyable to immerse into. It is also well stocked with endnotes e.g. when Lord Selkirk, the British Commissioner General for Southeast Asia, asked Lim Chin Siong and Fong Swee Suan whether they were communists during the Eden Hall Tea Party, the book cited the overlooked story that the two "seemed to be embarrassed by this question and failed to give a clear reply" and hinted that they might be communists despite their denials, and old engaging photographs of places and people, windows into Singapore's roots e.g. a 1965 picture of the UMNO building (now PKMS) in Changi Road, a 1950s picture of the riot squad where the police truck displayed prominently a sign "Disperse or We Fire" and with policemen in shorts.
November 19, 2018
A illustrated history of Singapore from the 1300s to 1965, incorporating images from the History Galleries of the National Museum of Singapore. The book discusses the history of the region before the establishment of the British colony including the mysterious fire that destroyed an earlier settlement, the goals of Sir Stamford Raffles and William Farquar in creating a British outpost there, the cultural and social history of the Island, trade and commerce in the region, and the effects of the Japanese occupation during the Second World War. The illustrations include London Illustrated News coverage of the royal visit to Singapore by the future King George V and Queen Mary in 1901. A fascinating and engaging book that presents Singapore's rich history from a variety of perspectives.
July 23, 2013
The perfect book if you want to find out about Singapore in story telling manner. it is a breezy read covering they city state's history from 1300s to 1900s. the personal stories provide an interesting perspective of how life was lived in different era, without neglecting the major historical events.
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April 17, 2024I never thought Singapore would be a place I’d be remotely interested in reading about - or that it could even be a remotely interesting place worth reading about. Someone says “Singapore” and what you tend to think of is a city manicured to the point of tedium, an artificial order achieved through decades of internalised authoritarianism. Of course, I was wrong: like any other place on earth, Singapore has its own palimpsest-like history, and Singapore: A Biography does an excellent job of bringing it to life.
From the early settlements to the colonial era, from World War II to the struggle for independence (and beyond), the book captures both the grand sweep of history, but also, at a more granular level, the struggles and movements that characterised each era. There are fascinating sections on pirates and piracy, secret societies, women’s movements, and of course, the communist movement, especially as a part of the anti-colonial struggle: one of the book’s strongest qualities is that it accords a hearing to those inevitably left out of the national narrative.
For the rest of the review: https://gautambhatia.substack.com/p/w...
From the early settlements to the colonial era, from World War II to the struggle for independence (and beyond), the book captures both the grand sweep of history, but also, at a more granular level, the struggles and movements that characterised each era. There are fascinating sections on pirates and piracy, secret societies, women’s movements, and of course, the communist movement, especially as a part of the anti-colonial struggle: one of the book’s strongest qualities is that it accords a hearing to those inevitably left out of the national narrative.
For the rest of the review: https://gautambhatia.substack.com/p/w...
December 17, 2024
Regrettably DNF as lost this on holiday, but content read was fantastic.
January 17, 2011
Great overview of the history of Singapore, using lots of eyewitness accounts and photos. Would have been better if the book had devoted another chapter to Singapore today and spoke about the current attitudes of Singaporeans to major themes throughout the book such as their relationship with Malaysians, the British, Japanese and Chinese rather than letting events of the 1960/70s have the last word.
March 13, 2013
Provides the full depth of a serious historical study with a sense of narrative and place uncommon to similar books. this is perhaps the result of co-authorship between a museum/public history oriented historian and a travel journalist.
Absolute must read for anyone interested in the history of Singapore, or East Asian history generally.
Absolute must read for anyone interested in the history of Singapore, or East Asian history generally.
May 11, 2016
The authors made a glaring error early in the book when they stated Europeans used spices to cover up the taste of spoiling food. This storyline has long been debunked. For me then, every historical fact or claim they made was suspect.
Otherwise, I would have given this book 5 stars. It's an excellent read.
Otherwise, I would have given this book 5 stars. It's an excellent read.
April 25, 2018
3.75 stars. A flawed, if lovely, story of Singapore's history. I could do with the WW2 section being about 10% of what it actually was, and readers should know the book basically ends on independence day. but, it's a useful guide to the history of such a wonderful place, and the book itself is gorgeous.
April 25, 2012
An excellent overview of Singapore's history, complete with interesting illustrations!
May 14, 2014
Excellent review, readable, with a lot of pictures, objective. A pity it ends in 1965. Has strengthened my interest to live in Singapore someday.
August 16, 2019
Good easy digestible history of Singapore. Read after moving here and wanting to understand the history of this island city.
December 9, 2021
This is more or less an ideal history book: informative, focused, entertaining, taken from diverse sources, human-scoped. Beautiful illustrations and photographs that are very well integrated with the text. A must-read for anyone interested in Singapore, Southeast Asia, 20th century politics, colonialization and decolonization - it really appeals to a lot of different interests.
Fun fact: the book is a companion to a museum exhibit at the National Museum of Singapore, so I imagine all or most of the artifacts, documents, paintings, maps, and photographs you see in the book were on display. It would have been great to visit. One might think a museum exhibit explainer would be a limited book, but S: A B goes above and beyond and stands on its own beautifully.
The reason I didn't give it 5 stars is because I found it breezed past a few too many topics for me, granted I'm sure they were struggling to keep it at its current size (which I have no problem with). I often found myself needing to look things up for more information. A good example would be the Maria Hertogh riots - I found the book's explanation confusing and needed to do some research online before being satisfied. I'm also baffled why they didn't explain the deliberate mission of the exhibit/book (to better integrate pre-1965 history with post-1965 history) until the very last paragraph. That belongs in a prologue. The whole time reading, I was wondering why the narrative stops at 1965. Also, more maps please.
Fun fact: the book is a companion to a museum exhibit at the National Museum of Singapore, so I imagine all or most of the artifacts, documents, paintings, maps, and photographs you see in the book were on display. It would have been great to visit. One might think a museum exhibit explainer would be a limited book, but S: A B goes above and beyond and stands on its own beautifully.
The reason I didn't give it 5 stars is because I found it breezed past a few too many topics for me, granted I'm sure they were struggling to keep it at its current size (which I have no problem with). I often found myself needing to look things up for more information. A good example would be the Maria Hertogh riots - I found the book's explanation confusing and needed to do some research online before being satisfied. I'm also baffled why they didn't explain the deliberate mission of the exhibit/book (to better integrate pre-1965 history with post-1965 history) until the very last paragraph. That belongs in a prologue. The whole time reading, I was wondering why the narrative stops at 1965. Also, more maps please.
August 16, 2023
If only every history book I read while visiting a country was this good! Balasingamchow and Frost balance perfectly between explaining Singapore's most famous figures and taking the pulse of how the culture at large was feeling at the time. My biggest takeaway from this book was what a wild misconception it is that the British are largely responsible for Singapore and its subsequent success, and how the tapestry of Teochow, Hainanese, Malay, Tamil and other immigrant groups are what truly made the country what it is today. I learned so much that my visit to the National History Museum in Singapore was an exercise in noting what had been conspicuously downplayed or left out entirely. (I'm looking at your shenanagins, PAP!) Highly recommend combining this with Crazy Rich Asians for the curious traveler on your visit to Singapore.
June 5, 2020
A highly entertaining, well-written history of Singapore from the 13th century to 1965. This book is certainly not without bias, but it helps to understand going in that the book was funded by the National Museum of Singapore to accompany an exhibit in the museum that celebrates Singapore’s long, winding journey to achieve self-government and eventually to establish itself as a ‘sovereign, democratic, and independent nation’.
I found myself quite sad to finish the book...a testament to the author’s clever storytelling technique. Thank you Mark Frost and Yu-Mei Balasingamchow, it was a pleasure to read this book.
I found myself quite sad to finish the book...a testament to the author’s clever storytelling technique. Thank you Mark Frost and Yu-Mei Balasingamchow, it was a pleasure to read this book.
November 26, 2022
Fascinating and complex. I now need a primer for modern Singapore post independence, the historical context is interesting and informs much of the Singapore of today but there remain gaps in explaining the modern landscape of the current island.
Feel like I should have taken notes and will surely re-read parts of this book in the future!
Feel like I should have taken notes and will surely re-read parts of this book in the future!
June 10, 2025
An excellent and thoughtful treatment of Singapore history. The best and truest academics need to be good storytellers like Mark Frost and his co-authors. They have done an excellent job of telling the true stories of Singapore in an engaging style and have included beautifully reproduced images and maps. I highly recommend this book!
June 28, 2020
A wonderfully presented publication about a fascinating country.
March 21, 2021
A very good overview of the city-state from its founding to its full independence. Plenty of engaging primary source quotes, and loads of archival photographs.
January 10, 2022
I think it is about its history, modern times and war
This entire review has been hidden because of spoilers.
July 11, 2025
Lengthy and over-detailed, more suitable for academics than for the casual reader looking to get a broad understanding of Singapore's history.
July 26, 2025
Favoriete stukje was toen de Japanners koreaanse vrouwen op Sentosa Island dropten om er een sex eiland voor soldatan van te maken.
July 17, 2020
This is a beautifully well-written book about Singapore's history from inception up to shortly after it's founding as a modern nation. Includes detailed pictures, anecdotes, and first hand sources. It progresses in chronological fashion similar to a history textbook but is anything but dry.
It starts with the relatively unknown history pre-Britain and then progresses into the history of western expansion into the region and local Sultan politics. It then quickly transitions to city planning, governance, and growth as a trading hub under successive governors. The period of pre-world war is well covered through the lenses of immigration, social dynamics, economic trends, and broader political winds. The WW2 and Japanese occupation period of Singapore is well documented due to being relatively recent and serves as a turning point for it's history. The book then goes into the Merdeka movement and establishment of modern Singapore as various factions joust for political power. The book ends with the PAP securely in power and Singapore separate from Malaysia. I would highly recommend "From Third World to First" by Lee Kuan Yew for an account of Singaporean history after this.
All in all - this book is a gripping read that provides some important context to a dynamic and vibrant modern city and unique society.
It starts with the relatively unknown history pre-Britain and then progresses into the history of western expansion into the region and local Sultan politics. It then quickly transitions to city planning, governance, and growth as a trading hub under successive governors. The period of pre-world war is well covered through the lenses of immigration, social dynamics, economic trends, and broader political winds. The WW2 and Japanese occupation period of Singapore is well documented due to being relatively recent and serves as a turning point for it's history. The book then goes into the Merdeka movement and establishment of modern Singapore as various factions joust for political power. The book ends with the PAP securely in power and Singapore separate from Malaysia. I would highly recommend "From Third World to First" by Lee Kuan Yew for an account of Singaporean history after this.
All in all - this book is a gripping read that provides some important context to a dynamic and vibrant modern city and unique society.
March 9, 2025
Singapore: A Biography" offers a compelling and multifaceted exploration of Singapore's history, spanning from its earliest recorded mentions in Ming dynasty accounts to its independence in the mid-20th century. What sets this book apart is its ability to weave together broad historical narratives with personal stories, eyewitness accounts, and excerpts from correspondences, creating a rich tapestry of the past. This approach makes history feel less like a dry recitation of dates and events and more like a living, breathing story.
The book excels at presenting a nuanced view of key historical figures and events. Rather than simply portraying Stamford Raffles as the singular founder of modern Singapore, it delves into his complex relationship with William Farquhar and acknowledges the contributions of others who shaped the island's early development. It also doesn't shy away from controversial topics like Operation Coldstore, offering a more complete picture of the political struggles that led to Singapore's independence. It effectively presents different perspectives on historical events, reminding the reader that history is not a monolithic narrative.
The writing style is engaging and accessible, avoiding the dryness often associated with history textbooks. The authors employ vivid language and storytelling techniques to keep the reader invested, incorporating elements like the Malay poem "Syair Dagang Berhual Beli" to illustrate social tensions in the 1800s and excerpts from personal memoirs, such as those of Imperial Guard Corporal Tsuchikane Tominosuke, to bring the Japanese occupation to life. The inclusion of historical photographs further enhances the reading experience, providing visual windows into Singapore's past.
The book's chronological structure allows for a clear understanding of Singapore's development through various periods: its pre-colonial history, its establishment as a British trading post, its growth as a bustling port city, the impact of World War II and the Japanese occupation, and the eventual struggle for self-determination. While the book concludes around the time of independence in 1965, it provides a solid foundation for understanding Singapore's subsequent trajectory. A more complete picture would have benefited from a concluding chapter that connects the historical narrative to contemporary Singapore and explores current attitudes towards key historical themes, such as Singaporeans' relationships with Malaysians, the British, Japanese, and Chinese. Nevertheless, this book has strengthened my interest in living in Singapore.
Overall, "Singapore: A Biography" is a highly recommended read for anyone interested in Singaporean or East Asian history. It combines rigorous research with engaging storytelling, offering a comprehensive and compelling portrait of a nation's journey. It’s a book that can appeal to both history buffs and casual readers seeking a deeper understanding of this dynamic and vibrant city-state.
The book excels at presenting a nuanced view of key historical figures and events. Rather than simply portraying Stamford Raffles as the singular founder of modern Singapore, it delves into his complex relationship with William Farquhar and acknowledges the contributions of others who shaped the island's early development. It also doesn't shy away from controversial topics like Operation Coldstore, offering a more complete picture of the political struggles that led to Singapore's independence. It effectively presents different perspectives on historical events, reminding the reader that history is not a monolithic narrative.
The writing style is engaging and accessible, avoiding the dryness often associated with history textbooks. The authors employ vivid language and storytelling techniques to keep the reader invested, incorporating elements like the Malay poem "Syair Dagang Berhual Beli" to illustrate social tensions in the 1800s and excerpts from personal memoirs, such as those of Imperial Guard Corporal Tsuchikane Tominosuke, to bring the Japanese occupation to life. The inclusion of historical photographs further enhances the reading experience, providing visual windows into Singapore's past.
The book's chronological structure allows for a clear understanding of Singapore's development through various periods: its pre-colonial history, its establishment as a British trading post, its growth as a bustling port city, the impact of World War II and the Japanese occupation, and the eventual struggle for self-determination. While the book concludes around the time of independence in 1965, it provides a solid foundation for understanding Singapore's subsequent trajectory. A more complete picture would have benefited from a concluding chapter that connects the historical narrative to contemporary Singapore and explores current attitudes towards key historical themes, such as Singaporeans' relationships with Malaysians, the British, Japanese, and Chinese. Nevertheless, this book has strengthened my interest in living in Singapore.
Overall, "Singapore: A Biography" is a highly recommended read for anyone interested in Singaporean or East Asian history. It combines rigorous research with engaging storytelling, offering a comprehensive and compelling portrait of a nation's journey. It’s a book that can appeal to both history buffs and casual readers seeking a deeper understanding of this dynamic and vibrant city-state.
October 24, 2024
Delightfully well-produced (in full-colour with many high-quality images sourced from the National Museum), written with nuance and kindness, and representative of many underserved perspectives in Singapore's history - from Japanese soldiers to Chinese revolutionaries.
A perfect gift for anyone intellectually curious about Singapore, and my preferred choice as both the premier introductory text and textbook for Singapore history. I do hope post-independence history receives this kind of star treatment at some point.
A perfect gift for anyone intellectually curious about Singapore, and my preferred choice as both the premier introductory text and textbook for Singapore history. I do hope post-independence history receives this kind of star treatment at some point.
March 18, 2016
The history of Singapore through the centuries, wired into personal details and all told in a very readable way
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October 15, 2018This was an excellent pre-trip read about a place I'm now quite fascinated by. Sadly ends essentially with independence - would love a followup on the next 30-40 years in the same readable, deep style.
Displaying 1 - 29 of 29 reviews