I'm reading this book. I have MUCH appreciated all previous works I've read from Skye Jethani.
Several things have "caught" me already, in the sense that Skye appears to be pushing for a nice and popular conclusion about the Future, for modern followers of Christ... yet something just is NOT sitting right. So, here are my live notes as I go.
I am endeavoring to be a good "Berean" -- take note of things, investigate, not draw immediate conclusions.
* TWO - WILDERNESS. "He is not a Creator who rejects and replaces; he reconciles and redeems."
My sense: His desire is to reconcile and redeem. Yet for those who ultimately reject Him, I cannot come to the same conclusion. This is presented as an absolute: God does not reject and replace. AFAIK, a solid counter example: Sodom and Gomorrah. Rejected. In fact, destroyed in their entirety.
"The story of Israel is...the Creator beginning a plan to cultivate a new garden within the wilderness of the world... God's presence with his people is marked by the restoration of the garden."
My sense: nowhere do I see Jesus saying or implicating that his presence restored the garden. In fact, Jesus spoke in pretty apocalyptic terms himself?!
Jethani's examples (of wonderful miraculous survival in the midst of the wilderness) IS a story of God's presence, yet Jethani's conclusion appears a bit at odds with the reality.
Jethani: "Through this, the Israelites learned that the wilderness of the world could be transformed through the power and presence of God...Shalom could still be cultivated in the world through the grace of Israel's God."
Pete: Because of God's presence and power, Israel thrived in the wilderness. Yet the wilderness was decidedly not transformed. When they left, it was still what it always had been: wilderness.
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(Based on Rev 21:3) "The unity shared between God and humanity at the beginning in the garden will be restored." YES oh yes. We live with him forever!
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Jethani then presents three paths to the future.
QUESTION: Which, if any, are Biblical? (I'm looking at Rev 21:1, which simply says the Old "passed away." In greek, apelthan -- "to go out of existence; to cease to exist." This is in the aorist tense, which is infinite. Not a temporary state.)
Chap 3 - Evolution:
a) Assumes "continuous (linear) progress" ... eventual perfection "through Christian faith and advances in civilization." He quotes Kennedy, "Our problems are man-made, therefore they can be solved by man."
b) Observation of reality as a Carousel: endless cycles; what goes around comes around. "History doesn't repeat itself, but it does rhyme."
c) Efforts to fix it involve Crusaders: changing the world for Christ. He notes the shift from desiring influence through many disciples, to influence through "impact" via NGO's, and the sometimes-twisted priorities this brings.
Chap 4 - Evacuation:
a) The church as lifesaving station on a rugged coast... and the world a a lost cause. Ultimately the lifestation becomes comfortable and inwardly focused, saving no lives at all.
b) The view that nothing from this world will endure apart from rescued souls.
"If the world is to be utterly destroyed, separation is the only logical response. Escape the sinking ship, or sink with it."
Pete: WHY? What a depressing assumption, not in accord with any of the Bible.
- We have known from the start that our destiny is heaven, yet we are called to be stewards of the earth.
- We are called to keep our eyes on Jesus, yet also to love everyone.
I see NO indication that we are to escape what is to come, even though it may be a terrible thing.
- Did Paul escape?
- Did Jesus escape?
Some things he notes ARE true:
- Our ability to destroy all life
- Our spotty track record with technology (and environmentalism)
AND I could easily add:
- Our growing understanding that the earth, and the universe, could easily be destroyed in a moment and nothing we do could stop that.
I also FULLY agree that many believer our job is to disconnect from the world. (cf the 1997 research that the worst place to find a cross-cultural worker is in a Christian college or university)
He takes notes of the move toward "Islands of Decency"
Bottom line: "the path of evacuation is fueled by fear."
Chap 5 - Resurrection
MUCH I love...
Story of imprisoned Mandela and his garden. "an uncrossable sea between the world we desire and the one we occupy."
Jesus brought heavenly order to earth:
- Stormy chaos: calmed with a word
- Disease and death: restored to beauty and wholeness
- Hunger: abundance
He quotes N. T. Wright's view from 1 Cor 15, claiming "the cosmic scope of Jesus' resurrection as inaugurating the recreation of all things."
Jethani goes further: "The bond between Easter Sunday and the re-creation of the cosmos is a truth rooted in the New Testament."
Their (Jethani/Wright) list is:
* Jesus as first fruit, the "prototype for God's new, creative work."
* then "those who belong to Christ" are raised
* Then "all God's enemies will be destroyed, including death itself, and 'all things' will be made subject to God."
Pete Note: "All things" is not all of creation, not the cosmos. It is some large number of (unknown).
They then tie to Romans 8
Key passage: 20 For the creation was subjected to futility, not willingly, but because of Him who subjected it in hope; 21 because the creation itself also will be delivered from the bondage of corruption into the glorious liberty of the children of God. 22 For we know that the whole creation groans and labors with birth pangs together until now. 23 Not only that, but we also who have the firstfruits of the Spirit, even we ourselves groan within ourselves, eagerly waiting for the adoption, the redemption of our body.
- Delivered from corruption: set free. Doesn't say HOW. (Just as our own bodies are set free... through death!)
- Redemption of our body: also "set free" yet does not say how.
Jethani then says, "The world itself will be made new....Futureville is neither an ethereal heaven nor a replaced earth. It is the union of heaven and earth ainto a restored and glorified cosmos occupied by God and his people."
Jethani's conclusion: "What we find in the New Testament, however, is neither an unsatisfying nor limiting hope. We discover the hope of resurrection extending to all things--the entire cosmos that God created in the beginning..."
I now see clearly his confusion or misdirection, but let me finish the chapter :)
THE "NEW" -- Jethani goes into some detail.
* Jesus' new body was different (in many ways)
* He argues that Jesus' body was "changed" but NOT "replaced".
* He notes both continuity (remarkable sameness) and discontinuity (radical transformation.)
His conclusion is that the world will experience the same:
* redemption (continuity)
and
* transformation (discontinuity)
and THEREFORE this same earth will become Futureville.
He speaks about the word "new" for a while...
BUT SO FAR HE IGNORES THE MOST IMPORTANT THING: the old specifically is destroyed!
"Through the open gates the nations bring their glory and honor. They populate the city with the most beautiful artifacts of human culture..."
QUESTION: The first part is from Rev 21:24. The second part...??? No evidence. And NOTHING profane can enter!
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Pete's Response:
1) All of these completely ignore a simple, clear, statement:
Rev 21:1 Now I saw a new heaven and a new earth, for the first heaven and the first earth had passed away.
"passed away" is parerchomai, "to go out of existence—‘to cease to exist, to pass away, to cease.’"
Other uses of the exact same word:
Mt 24:25 Heaven and earth will pass away, but My words will by no means pass away (twice!)
Mk 1:42 the leprosy left him and he was cleansed ("left")
Lk 21:32 this generation will by no means pass away until...
Acts 16:19 when her masters saw that their hope of profit was gone, they seized... ("gone")
1 Cor 7:31 for the form of this world is passing away...
Jas 1:10 for as a flower of the field he will pass away
1 Jn 2:17 the world is passing away, and the lust of it...
1 Peter 3:10-13 But the day of the Lord will come as a thief in the night, in which the heavens will pass away with a great noise, and the elements will melt with fervent heat; both the earth and the works that are in it will be burned up. 11 Therefore, since all these things will be dissolved, what manner of persons ought you to be in holy conduct and godliness, 12 looking for and hastening the coming of the day of God, because of which the heavens will be dissolved, being on fire, and the elements will melt with fervent heat? 13 Nevertheless we, according to His promise, look for new heavens and a new earth in which righteousness dwells.
("dissolved" reduced to ruin by tearing into pieces, destroy, tear down)
And perhaps the most helpful citation:
2 Cor 5:17
17 Therefore, if anyone is in Christ, he is a new creation; old things have passed away; behold, all things have become new.
BOTTOM LINE (Including the rest)
I see no support for a "restored" creation that doesn't involved destruction of what we have.
I fully agree we're:
* not to be escapists;
* we ARE to be good stewards of the planet.
* Our vocations have significance because of Him
None of this is because of any concept that what we physically do will miraculously be transformed and retained for eternity.