In Shalom and the Community of Creation, Randy Woodley draws from Native American wisdom and tradition to offer a fresh articulation of the all-encompassing impact of the gospel. Woodley finds striking parallels between the vision of shalom depicted in the Bible and the synthesized teachings of many Indigenous nations, which he broadly refers to as “the Harmony Way.” Recognizing the many ways that American Christianity has conformed to western cultural and philosophical norms, Woodley considers the Harmony Way as a corrective against these distortions. Most notably, this involves expanding the scope of God’s mission in the world to incorporate restoration for all of creation, invited to live together in a community of reciprocity and mutuality grounded in gratitude to our Creator.
When considering the arc of the biblical narrative, Woodley sees the concept of shalom as the core expression of God’s big dream for the world they have created. He writes “I don’t think it is an understatement to say that the ancient Semitic shalom construct, or what we can broadly refer to as the Harmony Way, is the Creator’s original instruction for the way in which all societies should be ordered, and for how all life on this planet should be lived” (19). While the most straightforward translation of shalom interprets it to mean peace, Woodley argues that it functions more so as a process and a way of being than an isolated concept, and that it involves dimensions of restoration, wholeness, and harmony at both the interpersonal and structural levels of society (14). “Shalom is communal, holistic, and tangible. There is no private or partial shalom,” he writes, continuing on to say that “The whole community must have shalom or no one has shalom” (21). Hollow assessments of false shalom are protected against by locating those at the margins as its arbiters (15). Lastly, Woodley affirms that shalom is “not a utopian destination” but rather a “constant journey,” and one that we are called to actively participate in with God (21).
Having established a framework for the biblical concept of shalom, Woodley then puts it in conversation with what he refers to as “the Harmony Way.” The Harmony Way emerged for him as a composite of the myriad of Native American wisdom traditions he had studied, which he found to have significant overlaps despite their distinctions. Listing off some of their common features, he writes that “group cohesion, sharing of knowledge and resources, respect for those with more experience, respect for the community, respect for diversity, a fundamental sense of relatedness, and a sense of humility” were all prevalent alongside an overarching emphasis on cooperation over competition or individualism (98-99). Per Woodley’s reading, these are qualities that are also present in expressions of shalom, granting an epistemological privilege to the Harmony Way that can be used as a corrective against some of the detrimental ways Christianity in America has been malformed by western values contradictory to shalom.
Examining the landscape of the western worldview, Woodley considers Cartesian dualism to be one of the most pervasively influential philosophies amongst Europeans and their American descendants (100-101). This has given rise to a form of Christianity fixated on the hierarchical dualisms that privilege spirit over flesh and mind over body (101). He elaborates: “In a holistic worldview, all of creation (the material world) is considered both good and spiritual. In a dualistic worldview, only the spirit is considered to be good; creation (the material world, including our own body) is considered to be either evil or less spiritual” (102). Woodley links this degradation of the body with a disregard for what bodies do in real time and space in accordance with Christianity, which become less important than the mind’s ability to think rationally about the faith. This results not only in a divide between doctrinal orthodoxy and ethical orthopraxy, but a favoring of the former over the latter, as evidenced by Euro-American Christianity’s prioritization of beliefs that are often “separate and inconsistent with, and unrelated to, worldview, values and practices” (107). Woodley asks us to consider Native American spirituality as an alternative that is more aligned with the embodied, enacted praxis of shalom: “Harmony Way, like shalom, is tangible. Living out the Harmony Way requires not only a belief, but also action, which aligns itself in participation with the whole of the universe.” (88)
Ultimately, Woodley argues that the Harmony Way is more holistic than Euro-American Christianity, which often limits its concerns to the individual and private matters of personal holiness. He writes, “Among traditional Native Americans, restoring broken harmony is less individualistic, being more about restoring the community –– less guilt ridden, not inherent, more tangibly rectifiable, and much more oriented toward restoring harmonious relationships in all of creation, rather than simply obtaining forgiveness” (69). This orientation necessarily broadens the scope of Jesus’s salvific mission, expanding it beyond the spiritual salvation of an individual’s soul out to the restoration and redemption of the entire earth (60). This attention to the ecological dimensions of God’s mission is a key facet of the Harmony Way, demonstrated by the emphasis on reciprocity, mutuality, and interdependence with the natural world that is widespread across traditional Native American communities and cultures. Woodley urges that the notion that all of creation is related is good news for all, because it “opens us up to the possibility of once again becoming the family we already are. By realizing the connectedness of humankind to all [natural] life, we become aware of new possibilities for learning and maintaining a concern for the preservation of all living things” (81).
This expansive inclusion of concern for all of creation is reflected in Woodley’s in his suggestion to reimagine the kingdom of God as “the community of creation” (39). Although he cedes that the kingdom construct had a subversive impact in the context of its original use, Woodley finds that in contemporary times the emphasis on Christ as a monarchical ruler and his reign as a governmental institution not only reinforces Christianity’s colonialist history but also restricts our imaginations about Christ. He writes: “Christ is not just King, but Creator. Kings come and go, but the Creator is eternal. When we begin to recognize the cosmic implications of Christ as Creator, temporal concepts like governments, kingdoms, and rulers fade in comparison” (39). Emphasizing God’s involvement entirety of creation prompts Woodley to reconsider the kingdom as a community in which all of creation belongs and participates, and this moves us towards a posture of harmony and interrelatedness with the natural world that a strictly anthropocentric perspective lacks (40).
Given Woodley’s appreciation for the tangible, action-oriented focus of the Harmony Way as a means of pursuing God’s shalom, it is somewhat ironic that the text is notably lacking in concrete applications. It is clear that Woodley’s intention is to place Euro-American and traditional Native American worldviews in conversation, and in doing so to spotlight the compelling parallels he has observed between Indigenous customs and teachings and those prescribed by biblical models of shalom. Shalom and the Community of Creation, then, largely operates at a more conceptual and abstract level, considering the contrasting values of these two cultures as they relate to Christian theology. In light of how marginalized and displaced Native American wisdom is for white American readers like myself, this alone proved to be an immensely rich and informative overview of Indigenous principles and their confluence with biblical teachings.
However, by its completion readers may feel that they have gained a newfound respect and appreciation for these values ––such as interrelatedness and reciprocity, community and cooperation, and generosity and abundance–– without a clear sense of how to begin to implement them accordingly. This is especially true given Woodley’s astute examination of how pervasively a number of contradictory values have shaped Euro-American Christianity. Therefore, Shalom and the Community of Creation is likely to awaken many readers to what they are missing and cast a broad-scale vision for what is to be gained by a spirituality more aligned with the Harmony Way, but it is less inclined or interested in prescribing concrete steps towards doing so. Nonetheless, the vision it casts of a Christianity that values right action in the pursuit of God’s shalom as members of a cosmic community intimately interrelated with all of creation is certainly beautiful enough to inspire an enduring curiosity and desire to see it come to life, should we commit to the call of the Creator.