If you are looking for a thorough evaluation of modernity’s impact on evangelicalism, this is the book for you. Though the book is dated, the main emphases all continue to be relevant. One point that Wells brings home most effectively is his emphasis on the importance of church leadership for assessing and critiquing culture. He urges church leaders to take seriously their duty to understand the cultural moment and to warn/speak against worldly conformity. “[G]enuine leadership is a matter of teaching and explaining what has not been so well grasped, where the demands of God's truth and the habits of the culture pull in the opposite directions. . . Without this costly caring, there is no leadership. Without leadership, there is no articulated vision. And in the absence of public vision, it is easy to equate the norms of culture with the truths of God."
The other main points from this book that I hope to remember six months from now:
(1) Theology must “take root” in the church and cannot be left as a province of the academy alone. "The question, therefore, is whether the Church has a mind for theology. Without this mind, theology cannot take root where by nature and purpose it must take root. There can be no theology worthy of that name that is not a theology for the Church, a theology in which the Church actively participates, in which it understands itself to be theology's primary auditor. The Church is the place where theology must be learned, developed, and applied. The Church is the context in which God and his Word should receive their most serious thought.”
(2) American evangelicalism has suffered from over-democratization--that is, the democratic impulse exceeding its proper boundaries and spilling over into all areas of life. This reaction against hierarchy and authority has been detrimental to theology. Training, discipline, and giftedness have been replaced by every believer's right to form his own opinions on matter of doctrine. "Deference towards learned opinion" has been replaced by the notion that common instincts are sufficient. "In a democracy, every person's vote has the same weight, regardless of how well or badly informed it is. And in a democratized faith, such as we see in the evangelical world, every person's intuitions are likewise granted equal value."
(3) American evangelicalism has largely followed modernity's lead in pursuing the self: "The sort of Christian faith that is conceived in the womb of the self is quite different from the historic Christian faith. It is a smaller thing, shrunken in its ability to understand the world and to stand up in it. The self is canvas too narrow, too cramped, to contain the largeness of Christian truth. Where the self circumscribed the significance of Christian faith, good and evil are reduced a sense of well-being or its absence, God's place in the world is reduced to the domain of private consciousness, his external acts of redemption are trimmed to fit the experience of personal salvation, his providence in the world dismissed to whatever is necessary to ensure one's having a good day, his Word becomes intuition, and conviction fades into evanescent opinion. Theology becomes therapy, and all the telltale symptoms of the therapeutic model of faith begin to surface. This biblical interest in righteousness is replaced by a search for happiness, holiness by wholeness, truth by feeling, ethics by feeling good about one's self. The world shrinks to the range of personal circumstances; the community of faith shrinks to a circle of personal friends. The past recedes. The chruch recess. The world recedes. All that remains is the self."
(4) Biblical truth is public truth. It is true not only for our personal lives, but also for our corporate lives. It is truth that is applicable to all people at all times. “In order to think biblically about our world, we have to put ourselves in the minds of Jeremiah, Isaiah, Paul, and Peter and accept for ourselves the norms and habits by which they functioned. And the starting place was this category of truth. Truth to them was not privatized. It was not synonyms with personal insight, with private intuition. It was not sought in the self at all, as a matter of fact, but in history--the history that God wrote and interpreted--and it was therefore objective, public, and authoritative…It was truth for the open market, truth for the nation, truth for other nations.”
(5) The unity of public and private life, secular and religious life, which the Puritans (and all pre-modern societies) had in spades, has been completely severed. The effects of this division can be seen not only in the realm of politics, but also in our loss of a sense of place and community, our devaluing of personality in work and in goods and services, and other areas.