This might be one of the rare polemical books that I have read, and truly enjoyed. I generally categorised books into 2 broad categories; polemical and encyclopaedic. Polemical books sets out to answer a question, while encyclopaedic sets out to define an idea. Polemical books in general are a posteriori ruminations, as it is one voice against another voice, while encyclopaedic books, as a rule appeals on a priori concepts. So, Kant instead of Sartre and Goethe instead of Camus. As everybody have limited time in reading and in life, I certainly think that I have no enough time to read the former which merely an answer to another answer, and thus ad infinitum.
But this book is the exception, as the author clearly puts out a provocative title, but the thrust of the argument transcend way above from being merely polemical, but an earnest effort to delineate an idea.
An idea on how the entire perception to a race of a group of people can easily be created and perpetuated.
Malaysia is a multiracial country, and it has been so even prior the coming of the Europeans. Its location strategic, its ports open and its armies mighty, this important fact has been forgotten, even among the Malays themselves. The Malay language, which once the lingua franca of the region spoken by many races, now reduced to be only employed when one about to utter a joke. And when one in the right circle, one can see that they can converse among each other in perfect English, but when the time comes to utter one word, that word is uttered in Malay.
Malas.
Perhaps this is just a coincidence, but then you have the ”hangat-hangat tahi ayam et cetera, suddenly spoken in its mother language when the conversation moved to a specific theme; a theme of indolence.
And so, alAtas in this major work, which perhaps can rightly be called as his magnum opus, explored the idea of association between indolence and the indigenous people of the Archipelago.
The thesis put forth by alAtas is clear and simple; the narrative of the natives as indolent and lazy are initiated by the colonialists when the natives refused to be part of the apathetical machine of capitalism. The myth later is perpetuated by the ruling elites of the Malay themselves, part of the captive mind as described by alAtas, to justify on their shortcomings as the ruling parties.
At a fundamental level, it is absurd to agree with the brute idea of the Malays as completely lazy person, for their families have to survive somehow, and thus the Malays definitely have to put up some work for sustenance. Then, the Malays are blamed for not being industrious enough, felt satisfied merely for working 2 months in the year in the paddy field at a sustenance level. But then, as alAtas put forth in his analysis, the total working hours of a Malay paddy farmer is almost the same with a civil servant in the early 1900’s. But definitely the working hours of the farmer is not as luxurious as the civil servant who can spent more time loafing in or out from the office. AlAtas provided a powerful picture of a Malay tukang arang who piled on his shadows two great sacks of coal, spent almost an hour or two walking to the town and to find buyers. By the time buyers were found, it is almost evening and the tukang arang rightly deserves some rest. But then, his colonial masters stumbled upon his rest, smoking cigarettes and drinking tree, and called the man lazy. How is it physically possible for the tukang arang to sell more than 2 sacks of coal in a day? Thus, the problem did not lie in the type of industry the Malay worked in, and the reason why there’s such paucity of Malay merchants would be elaborated in the latter part of this essay, but in what his white masters demanded of him.
The industry the Malays worked in; the paddy field, the rubber-tapping and the mat-marking were certainly not lucrative in the eyes of their masters, and most importantly where not the type of industry the white masters wanted them to be. Colonialism thrived upon capitalism, but capitalism demanded the minimizing of costs at any costs, while at the same time maximizing the profit. Why should the Malay have anything to do with an industry they certainly cannot benefit anything from; much more back-breaking and less lucrative for them and for their country?
The masters were quick to praise the Chinese and the Indians not merely for their industriousness, but for their readiness to be part of their inhumane capitalistic programs. Immigrants from China and India were collected through devious schemes, once heavily shackled in debt, they were forced to work in the cash crops fields and the mines. A third of their annual pay were spent for their involuntary fare to Malaya, and the rest of the paltry pay were ravenously taken by their other creditors. Opium trade was sanctioned with a specific target to the Chinese vulnerable populations, and it was the toddy to the Indians. The immigrants were thrown into shacks of horrendous condition. It was not unknown that the heads of the slum sodomises the practically debt-slaves. For all the work and sacrifices, the immigrants were called as the “mule of nations” by the colonialists.
The image of the indolent natives are perpetuated by the colonialists due to the natives’ refusal to be subjected to the abhorrent working condition. There are no sparse report on how well the Malays fared in civil services or driving, which attested by some to be better than most Europeans at much less the cost.
There are also some murmurings regarding the laziness of the Malays due to their virtually non-existent participations in commerce. But anybody is very quick to forget on how the Malays are expert traders and seaman, who by the 14th century has travelled as far as the Madagascar in the west and to China in the east. It was the conquest by the Europeans who virtually wiped out the Malay middle class by monopolizing the trade, by forcing all produced to be sold at the colonial office at a fixed price.
In conclusion, the myth that the natives of Archipelago is indolent is a devious social construct derived from colonial point of view with healthy spattering of western dominance. Alatas used the concept captive mind to refer to a set of intellectuals that conform to the ideology of its suppressor without critically analyzing them for whatever motive. For the ruling party, either the red one or the turqoise one, this narrative is expedient for them to shift the blame to the Malays and their inherent tropic indolence. For the colonialists, this narrative served as the justification for their civilising vampirism onto the motherland, for the native is too indolent like a newborn calf with jelly appendages. For the multiracial society in the Archipelago, this serves as a fuel for standup comedies and in-between coffee sips between nepotistic businessmen. We talk of the white guilt but we haven’t talk enough of the Malay guilt upon themselves, held thrall and captive by the images conjured by their captors. It is indeed a case of Stockholm syndrome.