When reading stories of well-known believers, it seems intimidating to share anything negative. We carry a false notion we can't speak of the dead in any form of negativity, even if the goal is to think critically. Emotions can tie down our way of thinking. There is a lot to glean from biographies, and I think it helps to be honest, especially as Christians.
There is so much of Amy's life to take away. Much is good, but there are some things I find troubling, and I think it would be helpful to talk about those concerns, as well as the good we can take away.
A large part of my concern comes from my background. I grew up in a Holiness doctrine that was especially focused on sanctification and living holy lives. Which isn't a problem by itself. But the problem comes when we become too fixated on works over the grace of Jesus Christ. We become too critical of everything we are supposed to do to honor God over focusing on Jesus and His amazing grace. Legalism is always messy, and it always leads to a struggle for control. Be it an individual struggle or one we see emerging with others.
For many years, I've wondered about Amy Carmichael. I didn't want to make any haste judgments, and even now I am cautious with what I am going to share. I obviously did not know her personally. I do not know her heart. I do believe she was a genuine believer from everything I've understood. However, I do have some concerns, which was why I was hoping the biography would help me understand Amy and her beliefs better.
What I appreciate about the biography is that it's fairly easy to read and very detailed. You can understand how certain events pushed Amy to make the next decision. There is quite the conviction and encouragement to care for others and their needs, as well as trusting Jesus. I did appreciate understanding how Amy was convicted about being too concerned about the cares of the world. I do think some of her convictions were personal to her, and that does not mean everyone needs to adapt to her way of thinking regarding personal Christian liberty.
There is, unfortunately, a bit of bias you can read into the book. Elisabeth, understandably, is a fan of Amy, and she doesn't hide it, she's very open. But in doing so, I think Elisabeth Elliot softens certain areas that are a concern. Although some concerns I have for Amy, I also have for Elisabeth, so it isn't surprising that Elisabeth shares some similar areas.
One problem with the bias is sometimes it seems like Amy is perfect and hardly a sinner at all. The praise for Amy is a bit saturated at times, and we never want to put anyone, regardless of how "good" of a Christian they were, on a pedestal. While we certainly can rejoice and praise the goodness of others for the glory of God, we need to be careful about how we look at the works of men and women. However, I will say that towards the end of the book, Elisabeth is a little more honest about the fact that Amy is human, a saved sinner. She isn't perfect.
Elisabeth Elliot, likewise, is another woman I am very cautious and reserved about. From reading Volume 1 of Becoming Elisabeth Elliot, and looking at her background growing up as a young woman, I can see how she has some ties to Holiness living doctrine (especially regarding her college years). I bring this point about Elisabeth up because as she was the author, I was interested when Amy's background in Keswick theology was brought into the picture. Interestingly, Amy, also, is a young woman when she is introduced to Keswick theology.
I have been told Keswick theology has changed from when it first started when Amy got involved to where it is now. I will say, however, that I couldn't help but feel like aspects, at least, still remind me of the Holiness doctrine I grew up with. And I do think there are ties to legalism we can see with Amy Carmichael and how she struggled with legalism. That doesn't mean all aspects of Keswick theology were or are wrong. But I can see how the doctrine did affect her as she grew, and I do think it had some effect regarding legalism.
Keswick theology is introduced in Chapter 3 & Chapter 5, pg. 50 the second quote by Moule summing up Keswick theology implies sinless perfection - which the Holiness doctrine I came out of also preached." It is possible to cast every care on Him daily, and to be at peace amidst pressure, to see the will of God in everything, to put away all bitterness and clamor and evil speaking, daily and hourly. It is possible to by unreserved resort to divine power under divine conditions to become strongest through and through at our weakest point."
I can't help but feel extreme pressure to always be good and right and holy when I reread the quote above. I can see how that kind of thinking would greatly affect Amy, especially influencing her as a young woman going forward.
Amy seemed to lack having good experiences with strong male leaders (she didn't really have many strong male leaders to begin with) and because of her experience, it seemed to become her judgment to not hand over control to men as leaders. I do think it should be noted that men were the initial problem in the sense not even one man went with her when she was first sent off. I think Christian men greatly failed her and other women in the mission field in this way. But time and again, Amy held control as the leader. Which I think limited not only her but also others from growing as leaders.
It is only in her final years, that she finally loosened up the reins of control she once held so dear because she wasn't able to be in control as a leader. In fact, in her last years, she wanted to turn over the position as leader many times prior, but the people around her had trusted and relied solely on her too much to the point they couldn't see anyone else as leader - that's a concern because many of these men and women grew up around her. I may be wrong, but they would have had to be taught to have that kind of great reliance on her. There were about two men she held in higher regard as leaders, but again, due to experience, her expectations regarding the men (typically) did not work out the way she thought.
Toward the end of the book, there is a quote from Amy that shows she would be considered egalitarian not complementarian. On pg. 346 it says, "She took it for granted that the leader must be a woman. A man could not be considered to make decisions which would bind the community." To be fair, she is quoted saying on pg. 347, "All the same I think men were as a rule meant for leadership and publicity and so on - not women..." Likewise, she did push some men, but you do see the restraint and struggle she had. (See pgs. 345-347 for more of a picture on her views)
She did not hide the fact the people who needed to join the mission field needed to have eyes open, instead of thinking the mission field was going to be some kind of fantasy. They needed to have workers work well together makes complete sense. There did seem to be some problems regarding not everyone holding up the rules she set - which, again, I think some rules relate to some of the personal convictions she had - she believed that meant they had to be like-minded when it came to her rules. Whereas Biblically being like-minded relates moreso to the Gospel, not man-made rules. (See pg. 264-266)
Amy is mystical at times and does trust the Lord speaking to her through some experiences. While some experiences, many, proved to come true, some did not. There were times she thought she had a sign for something, which is similar to interpreting an omen. Looking at symbols for divine meaning.
Again, while I do believe she was a genuine believer, I am concerned when divination is brought up regarding hearing the voice of the Lord outside of scripture. (Deuteronomy 18:10 -15 says 10-There shall not be found among you anyone who burns his son or his daughter as an offering, anyone who practices divination or tells fortunes or interprets omens, or a sorcerer 11or a charmer or a medium or a necromancer or one who inquires of the dead, 12for whoever does these things is an abomination to the Lord. And because of these abominations the Lord your God is driving them out before you. 13You shall be blameless before the Lord your God, 14for these nations, which you are about to dispossess, listen to fortune-tellers and to diviners. But as for you, the Lord your God has not allowed you to do this.)
While I have shared a lot of concerns, I mostly have because I do not think a lot of people talk about a figure like Amy in any form that may be viewed as negative. I hope my review moreso just reveals the biography touches on the fact she is human. She was convicted about the way she was living and she wanted to live honorably and holy unto Jesus, leaning onto Him. She ministered to many. She saved many lives. But she also struggled with legalism and control. She was aware how many people solely relied on her guidance and she knew it was a real concern.
Overall, the biography is fascinating. There is a lot to think about, a lot to be ministered by. Her poetry is raw and honest. You see the struggles Amy has throughout the years of her ministry. I can't help but think the Keswick theology, while convicted her in some good ways, also held her back in some legalistic ties, too.
Often in the Holiness doctrine, there's a push for "knowing your purpose" and there's a pressure to not only live as holy as you can, but also to do something big. If I find the page, I recall reading a moment when Amy was dissatisfied with the ministries she was already doing locally, and I wonder if that was partially because of the push she felt. Same with her conviction God did not want her to have a love life.
We should never feel discontent in ministering to others, even if we aren't out there ministering like Amy or Elisabeth did. The point is always to look at the grace of Jesus Christ and Who He is. Which you do see many times throughout the biography with Amy's life story, I hope that is made clear. It's important though we be honest with those we look up to, and sometimes that's really difficult because we are emotionally attached. But we can learn through thinking critically about whether certain actions or not are Biblical and Christ-like.
Elisabeth Elliot's biography of Amy Carmichael is definitely a page-turner and provides the opportunity for a lot of good discussions.