The Good, the Bad and the Ugly is a great old Western movie starring Clint Eastwood and directed by Sergio Leone. Like the movie, this book has three sides: a good one, a bad one and an ugly one. Let's start with the good one. The author is a specialist in psychotherapy and perhaps a hypnotist; thus the best part of the book is related to his experience as a psychotherapist. The central theory of the book is: the man needs transcendence, but the reality is cold and cruel. Therefore a person needs to hold useful illusions to be well adapted to the disappointing daily reality. The religion with the aid of ritual is first inducing a dissociated mental state and then it is instilling in the mind irrational content that allow the individual to cope with the reality and live a sane mental life. The way the religion operates on the individual, through the ritual and the cultural milieu, bears a striking resemblance with the way the hypnotist operates, and with the psychopathology. I have nothing to argue against the main thesis. It is well presented, with many outstanding scientific references and citations. Through well-chosen examples and a good argumentation, the author made me better understand the function of the religious ritual. For this part of the book, Schumaker deserves 5 stars. But then the bad happens. He makes many statements that lack quantitative justification. For example, he claims that the number of people with psychopathology in the secular Western World is much higher than in ancient (religious) times. Or that the planet Earth can safely sustain only 1.5 billions of persons. And then the ugly comes. In the last part of the book, he teaches that in principle a new religion (that lacks all the bad features of the traditional religions) can be invented and made universal. This strikes me as naive. The main world religions , Christianity and Islam, were spread by the sword. Nowdays when more and more people have access to information and many divergent opinions are spread online is unlikely that a new religion can triumph. In fact, our society is more plural than before and this is a good thing. Let it be like this and let also the individuals find their personal path to transcendence. Amen!