One of the earlier (1974) and most significant attempts to understand the fabric of Pakistan's culture. Sibte Hasan argues that what we call Tehzeeb (Culture) consists of four ingredients: 1- physical environment, 2-social environment, 3- means of production, and 4- thought system of the era. In this backdrop, what we call Pakistani culture these days is amalgamation and evolution of different cultures (Mohenjo Daro, Harappa, Turk, Sassanian, Achaemenid, Arab, etc.). Moreover, Hasan also argues that although religion does play a significant role in shaping up cultural values, it is just a part of the whole, and not the whole itself.
Hasan's analysis also implies that any attempt to merge different cultures under a single umbrella of "one Pakistani culture" would be futile (like Pakistan's geopolitical experience of One-Unit in 1954). Instead of artificially trying to create a single culture, the best way forward is to make use of the age of industrialization, which has the capability of bringing together different cultures without making them forgo their individualities.